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Hans Josef Schumm
Born	(1896-04-02)April 2, 1896 Stuttgart, Germany
Died	February 2, 1990(1990-02-02) (aged 93) Los Angeles, U.S.
Other names	Andre Pola (film pseudonym in 1948, 1949, 1954, and 1956)
Citizenship	German (1896–1941) U.S. (1941–1990)
Occupation(s)	Stage and Hollywood film actor
Years active	1925–1970
Employer(s)	20th Century Pictures (2) Charles Chaplin (2) Columbia (13) De Grunwald (2) MGM (9) Monogram (2) Paramount (8) Arnold Pressburger (1) 1st Motion Picture Unit(US Army AF) (1) Republic (3) RKO (6) Samuel Goldwyn (2) Terra-Filmkunst (1) Twentieth Century Fox (8) Universal (6) Revue (Universal) (3) Warner Bros. (13) Ziv Television (1)
Agent	Paul Kohner Agency
Style	Character actor
Height	6 ft 0 in (183 cm)

Hans Josef Schumm (né Johann Josef Eugen Schumm; 2 April 1896 Stuttgart – 2 February 1990 Los Angeles) was a German-born-turned-American actor, notably, a prolific and critically acclaimed Hollywood screen character actor who appeared in some 95 films – including a co-starring villainous role in a 12-episode serial. He also appeared in 15 TV productions and several stage productions, including one on Broadway. Except for about ten cinema productions, Schumm's body of work in cinema and television was filmed in the United States. On stage and in film, he is credited as Hans Josef Schumm or simply Hans Schumm; but in seven films, he is credited under the pseudonym André Pola — three in 1948, one in 1949, one in 1954, and one 1956. In his private life, he was known as Joseph Schumm and Johann J.E. Schumm.

Career

Schumm was born April 2, 1896, in Stuttgart, Germany. Schumm served in the German Army during World War I.

While living in Stuttgart, Schumm first visited New York as a merchant at age 27, arriving January 1, 1924. There are at least two attributions for his acting debut, one in 1925 in Meissen, Germany, and one around 1925 in Stuttgart, performing in The Merchant of Venice with Staatstheater Stuttgart. Schumm visited New York again, arriving November 30, 1926, and performed with a German stock company in Milwaukee and Chicago.

Permanent move to New York

Schumm returned a third time to New York, arriving August 26, 1929, to work in German-language theater as a permanent United States resident.

The timing of Schumm's 1929 arrival was 3 years, 5 months before Hitler's seizure of power on January 30, 1933. Germany had been in the throes of severe economic duress from post World War I, which included hyperinflation that began around 1922. His arrival was also sixty-four days after the Great Crash of 1929 on Wall Street. The Great Depression had struck Germany hard in late 1929, and sunk to its trough in early 1932.

Shortly after arriving, until about 1931, Schumm lived at 160 Wadsworth Avenue, Washington Heights, a neighborhood in the most northern part of Manhattan, New York.

Move to Hollywood

By 1931, Schumm was living in Los Angeles, and appeared in two 1932 productions at the Pasadena Community Playhouse. Schumm debuted in cinema in 1933 as an uncredited bit part actor in The Song of Songs, starring Marlene Dietrich.

Die Reichskulturkammer of 1933

Back in Germany, in 1933, by decree of Joseph Goebbels under a newly created agency called Die Reichskulturkammer (DKK), Jewish actors were, among other things, prohibited from performing on German stage. Schumm was not an exile. But he worked within the Hollywood cinema community, particularly German expatriate groups, to help German Jewish exiled actors acclimate in American cinema. In Los Angeles, in 1939, Schumm became one of 60 or more initial members who formed The Continental Players, a short-lived theater company spearheaded by film executives in support of exiled Jewish thespians from Germany and Austria.

World War II era

Schumm's film roles were mostly minor and, during World War II, mostly uncredited; though he was billed as a main actor on some film posters, including his villainous role as "The Mask" in the popular 1942 12-episode movie serial, Spy Smasher. Generally, the Screen Actors Guild for film, and AFTRA for TV and radio, establishes the guidelines for credits. The lack of crediting can be for several reasons, such as (i) small roles, (ii) non-speaking roles, (iii) brevity, (iv) perceived mismatch between the actor and the role (e.g., a famous actor playing an insignificant part), (v) cameos, (vi) extras, (vii) bit part roles. But also, from 1933 until after World War II, film credits for German-expatriates and German-American actors, particularly in Nazi-themed films, was risky for those who had families in Nazi-occupied countries, not only for Jews, but for anyone with American ties that might draw the attention of the SS. Schumm's paternal and maternal relatives were German citizens and resided there. Schumm became a U.S. naturalized citizen February 14, 1941. When Schumm was drafted under the U.S. Selective Service System, he became a conscientious objector.

In a 2015 retrospective review of Schumm's role as "The Mask" from the 1942 serial Spy Smasher, film critic Boyd P. Magers wrote, "the ultimate screen Nazi was Hans Schumm." An IMDb biographer characterized Schumm as "Nazi swine 'par excellance.'" Magers pointed out that Schumm's career received a considerable boost in the early 1940s when German-born actors were sought, particularly for roles in anti-Nazi films portraying members of the Wehrmacht and SS.

Schumm played a character role in the 1943 film, Hangmen. The film was one of the few attempts by German immigrants in the United States to make a film against the Hitler regime.

Post World War II

After World War II, Schumm performed a role in a 1952-1953 Broadway play, A Red Rainbow.

Germany

Following a trend beginning around 1953 for American film producers to shoot in West Germany due to low costs, Schumm traveled to West Germany for work, including roles in:

• The Trapp Family
• The Third Sex (Das dritte Geschlecht) was filmed in Germany in 1957 and released in its original edition in Vienna
• Tales of the Vikings (39 episodes), produced in Munich by Kirk Douglas, Schumm played Thorvald in two episodes
• Question 7
• The Bashful Elephant
• Come Fly with Me
• Captain Sindbad, shot at Bavaria Film Studios
• The Waltz King (1963)
• Before Winter Comes
• Komm nach Wien, ich zeig dir was! (Come to Vienna, I'll Show You Something!)

The Third Sex was produced in West Germany. It was filmed from May 8 to June 3, 1957, and premiered in Vienna on August 29, 1957, in several cinemas. In Germany, the film was first seen in Stuttgart at the Gloria-Palast on October 31, 1957. Schumm played a pediatric psychologist. The film addressed homosexuality, which was controversial at the time. The underlying message, conversion therapy, is on the wrong side of science. Directed by Veit Harlan, the aim was to liberalize public views against homosexuality, and in particular, influence reform of West German laws against it. The film – specifically the version censored by German authorities under Paragraph 175 of the German Criminal Code – had the opposite effect.

Hollywood in the 1960s

Schumm returned to Hollywood and finished his acting career in 1970.

After shooting Das dritte Geschlecht, Schumm returned to Hollywood and finished his acting career in 1970.

Representation and management

Schumm was represented by Paul Kohner.

Family and marriages

Birth

Schumm was born April 2, 1896, in Stuttgart, Germany, to Friedrich Schumm (1855–1904) and Petronella (aka Petrauella) Jehle (maiden, aka Yehle aka Fehle; 1855–1936). He had three siblings – two brothers and a sister. His older brother, Gustav "Gustel" Schumm (de) (1888–1966) had been a star rugby and soccer player, and in 1912, for one year, had served as president of VfB Stuttgart and is credited for developing youth soccer in Germany, before and after World War I.

First marriage

Schumm first married – on July 29, 1931, in Los Angeles – Agnes Mellen Kent (1888–1975), who from a previous marriage, had two daughters – (i) Jessie Marcellina (Elizabeth) Olivieri (1918–1947) and (ii) Josephine Tarquini (1910–2010), that latter having been adopted after being rescued from the 1915 earthquake in central Italy. Agnes Kent was the daughter of New York architect William Winthrop Kent (1860–1955) – who, as architect, was affiliated at various times with (i) Harvey L. Page, (ii) his brother, Edward Austin Kent (who perished on the Titanic), (iii) Heins & LaFarge, and (iv) Jardine, Kent & Jardine. He was one of the architects of the original plan for Cathedral of St. John the Divine, including the Romanesque Revival apse. Agnes was also the granddaughter of Henry Mellen Kent (1823–1894), one of the founders of the Flint & Kent department store in Buffalo. Hans and Agnes divorced. Agnes had been previously married to Umberto Olivieri (1884–1973), a banker for 14 years at Bank of America in San Francisco, a lawyer in Rome, and a language professor for 30 years at Santa Clara University, who, in 1958, at the age of 74 — after returning to Italy and joining the Order of Saint Benedict at the Subiaco Monastery in Rome — became ordained as a Roman Catholic Priest by the Bishop of Tivoli at Subiaco. Hans Schumm was Agnes' second of three husbands.

Second marriage

Schumm then married – on September 23, 1935, in Santa Ana, California – Gloria F. Smith (aka Gloria Smith Beery, née Florence W. Smith; 1916–1989). Gloria Schumm filed for divorce late September 1943 in Los Angeles County. Their divorced became final on December 8, 1944. Gloria and Hans then remarried August 21, 1947, after Gloria realized that she was pregnant from, she claimed, actor Wallace Beery, which Beery denied. Gloria gave birth on February 7, 1948, to Johan Richard Wallace Schumm. On February 13, 1948, Gloria Schumm, on behalf of Johan Schumm, as plaintiff, filed a paternity suit against Beery, who, through his lawyer, Norman Ronald Tyre (1910–2002) – Gang, Tyre, Ramer & Brown – initially offered $6,000 as a settlement, but denied being the father.

Gloria Schumm, again, filed for divorced from Hans Schumm on April 2, 1953, in Los Angeles County. Gloria, in her private life, sometimes used Wallace Beery's surname and, as a bit part actor, sometimes used her stage name, Gloria Whitney. Gloria, again, divorced Hans Schumm January 11, 1978, in Los Angeles County.

United States citizenship

Schumm applied to become a naturalized citizen of the United States on November 13, 1940, in Los Angeles, and was admitted as a citizen February 14, 1941. The two affiants attesting to Schumm's identity and residency were Stuttgart-born Alfred Theodor Hummel (1876–1946) and John Harrison Rodney Pain (1884–1966), a British-born American gardner and woodwork artisan. Schumm was approximately 6 feet (1.8 m) tall, weighed approximately 198 pounds (90 kg), and had brown hair and brown eyes — according to his 1942 U.S. draft registration card.

Death

Schumm died at 93 years and 10 months on February 2, 1990. He was dead on arrival at Kaiser Permanente Hospital in Los Angeles from heart failure after being stricken at the Hollywood nursing home where he had been living. His body was cremated with his ashes buried in the actors' rose garden at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery.

Links to stills

• Three stills from "The Primitive Touch," a TV episode from The Web; CBS/Getty Images, May 14, 1954 New York, New York

Joe Maross, Hans Josef Schumm, and Elizabeth Fraser:

1. Getty image 625765216
2. Getty image 625765116
3. Getty image 625765174

• Two images: April 17, 1952, Johann Schumm – 4 years (child); Gloria Schumm (mother); University of Southern California; OCLC 822257200, 857831052, 663235176

Profession affiliations

• Screen Actors Guild, member
• Screen Extras Guild (between 1946 and 1992, background actors in film and television were largely represented by the Screen Extras Guild. SEG was disbanded on 1 June 1992 and transferred its jurisdiction to SAG)
• Edwin Forrest Society, The Actors Fund, member (estate benefactor)

Selected cinematic and TV clips

• Anders als du und ich (§ 175)

Psychologist (Hans Schumm), Christa Teichmann, Klaus' mother (Paula Wessely), Werner Teichmann, Klaus' father (Paul Dahlke)

Scene: "Cure for Homosexuality," Klause's parents with the psychologist (German censored version with English subtitles)

• Casbah

Anton Duval (Houseley Stevenson), Willem (Hans Schumm as Andre Pola), Pepe (Tony Martin)

Scene

• Spy Smasher on YouTube (all 12 chapters)

Filmography

Television

Stage

Radio

Notes and references

General resources

• Marta Mierendorff papers 0214 "Schumm, Hans," Box 12, Folder 22, University of Southern California (USC), Feuchtwanger Memorial Library; OCLC 709903745

Marta Mierendorff, PhD — a German-born scholar who, in the latter 1960s, became a faculty member at USC — was a pioneer in the study of exiles. Schumm was not an exile, but, the papers include information on Schumm

• Paul Kohner Agency records, Goose Step, Oscars collections, Margaret Herrick Library
• Deutsches Bühnen-Jahrbuch; Theatergeschichtliches Jahr- und Adressbuch, Berlin: F.A. Günther & Sohn Actien-Gesellschaft, Vol. 42 (1931); OCLC 639875731, 470143388, 637405642; OCLC 496648424, 297250845
• "Arbeitsausschüsse der Fachschaft Bühne," Archived 2018-05-26 at the Wayback Machine Die Bühne (Redakteur: Dr. Hans Knudsen), 2 Jahrgang, heft 1, 1. Januar 1936, seit 22; OCLC 1019938629

O – Obmann; St – Obmann Stellvertreter; S – Schriftführer; K – Kassenwart; Vd – Vertrauens -dame; B – Beisitzer; FV – Fachgruppenvertreter.

Bamberg Stadttheater: Walter Storm (O), Fritz Milter (St), Hans Schumm (S), Karl Frank (K), Ria Mardeck (Vd).

• Koegel, John, PhD (born 1956) (2009). Music in German Immigrant Theater: New York City, 1840-1940. University of Rochester Press. Retrieved May 25, 2018. Koegel, as of 2018, is Professor of Musicology at California State University, Fullerton.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: postscript (link) LCCN 2009-6777; OCLC 488494395 (all editions).

1. Koegel – via Google Books.
2. Koegel – via Internet Archive. 2009. ISBN 9781580462150.

See inline citation 21 for Chapter 5 on p. 504. → Ulrich, Paul Stanley (1997). Biographisches Verzeichnis für Theater, Tanz und Musik [Biographical Index for Theater, Dance and Music: Directory of German-Language Reference Works and Yearbooks]. Berlin Verlag Arno Spitz GmbH (de). ISBN 387061479X ISBN 3-8706-1673-3, 978-3-8706-1479-9; ISBN 978-3-8706-1673-1; OCLC 444440441 (all editions).

Vol. 1: A–L

Vol. 2: M-Z

Notes

1. Disambiguation: Andre Pola (surname also spelled as Polah) (1892–1949) was a Dutch-born violinist who immigrated to America with his Belgian teacher, Eugène Ysaÿe. After concertizing for several years, Polah eventually became head of the violin department at Syracuse University in the late 1920s, conducting the university orchestra as well.
2. ^ Schumm appeared only in the censored version of The Third Sex. The director, Veit Harlan, was roundly criticized by American reviewers for having been anti-Semitic. Moreover, the underlying messages of the film (about homosexuality), were criticized then by major media in the U.S., and over sixty-five years since its release in North America, has been uniformly debunked. It is not known why the scene with Schumm, as psychologist, was replaced with another actor in the English language version; and it is not known whether Schumm – by participating in the German language version – was sympathetic to the director or the film's message.
3. The Stuttgart Gloria-Palast was a single-screen movie theater that opened August 2, 1956.
4. With respect to the various spellings of Schumm's mother's maiden name, "Jehle" and "Yehle," the German consonant "J" is almost always pronounced in the same manner as the English "Y." Other possible transliterations include:
   1. Eahle
   2. Eali
   3. Eallie
   4. Ealy
   5. Ehle
   6. Ehly
   7. Eiley
   8. Eley
   9. Elley
   10. Ely
   11. Ihle
   12. Ihli
   13. Ihlie
   14. Illi
   15. Jehle
   16. Ohley
   17. Uhl
   18. Uhle
   19. Yaley
   20. Yealy
   21. Yehl
   22. Yehle
   23. Yehley
   24. Yhle
   25. Yhley
   26. Yhly
5. Disambiguation: Gloria Whitney – the stage name for Gloria Schumm – is not the same person as the singer, Gloria Whitney (stage name) (née Florence Joan Healy; 1911–1974), featured on national radio broadcasts and sweet-styled dance orchestras from about 1931 to about 1942.
6. D-F Distributing Corp. was headed by David Dietz. The Third Sex is the only known film distributed by the firm. David Dietz, however, also, with William H. Horne, distributed (i) Assassin for Hire, (ii) Louisiana Story, and (iii) Magie Africaine.
7. Eva Hyde (née Eva Heymann; 1910–1953), an actress, was the third wife of composer Werner R. Heymann, her first husband whom she divorced. In 1952, she married artist Klaus Brill (1913–2007). She was a distant cousin of Werner Heymann.

Books, periodicals, collections, academic works

1. Sammlung Paul Kohner (collection of about 155,000 pages of correspondence, contracts, etc., from the Paul Kohner Agency), Deutsche Kinemathek"Inventory", Berlin: Stiftung Deutsche Kinemathek (1995); OCLC 66142156
2. "Hans Schumm" (obituary), Variety, March 7, 1990, p. 70
3. ^ Journeys of Desire: European Actors in Hollywood – A Critical Companion, by Alastair Phillips, PhD, & Ginette Vincendeau (2006)Chapter 11: "The Ultimate Irony: Jews Playing Nazis in Hollywood" (essay), by Joseph Garncarz (University of Vienna), pps. 103–113
   Entry: "Schumm, Hans (Hans Josef Schumm)"BFI (2006); OCLC 470550238; ISBN 1844571246, 9781844571246, 1844571238; ISBN 9781844571239
4. Who's Who in Hollywood (entry: "Hans Schumm") (in Vol. 2 of 2), by David Ragan (born 1925), Facts on File (1992); OCLC 906553204
5. Vampire, Monster, Irre Wissenschaftler: So viel Europa steckt in Hollywoods Goldener Horrorfilmära, by Silvia Kornberger, Disserta Verlag (de) (2014), pp. 419–420; OCLC 869019127
6. Das Grosse Personenlexikon des Films (de) ("Hans Schumm" is in Vol. 7 of 8), Kay Weniger (ed.), Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf Verlag (2001); OCLC 717359699
7. "Es wird im Leben dir mehr genommen als gegeben:" Lexikon der aus Deutschland und Österreich emigrierten Filmschaffenden 1933 bis 1945, by Kay Weniger, ACABUS Verlag (de) (2012), p. 41; ISBN 3862820491
8. A Red Rainbow (program notes from the Royal Theatre production on Broadway), "Hans Josef Schumm (Sarno)" (bio), September 14, 1953, New York, (accessible at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, 3rd floor; clippings: "Schumm, Hans Josef: *T-Clip, L-MM")
9. ^ "Serial Profiles: Hans Schumm as 'The Mask,'" by Boyd P. Magers (born 1940), "Serial Report," Chapter 86, Western Clippings, 2015; reprinted from the SCOOP (online newsletter), September 18, 2015; OCLC 32602060, 801245552
10. Hanns Eisler: Eine Biographie in Texten, Bildern und Dokumenten : mit 235 Abbildungen, by Jürgen Schebera, Schott Music (1998); OCLC 470440541
11. Hanns Eisler Goes Hollywood (dissertation; 2011), by Johannes C. Gall, University of Hamburg, Breitkopf & Härtel (2015); OCLC 934476997
12. "West Germany Crowded With Yank Film Producers: Low Cost Factor," Variety, August 5, 1953, p. 13
13. Review of the book: Grenzverwischer – 'Jud Süss' und 'Das Dritte Geschlecht' – Verschränkte Diskurse von Ausgrenzung (book review), by Jennifer William, PhD, Shofar, Vol. 28, No. 1 (2009); OCLC 356994735; ISSN 0882-8539 (accessible via Project MUSE)Note: Williams, as of 2018, is Professor of German at Purdue University
14. History and Genealogy of the Ancestors and Descendants of Captain Israel Jones who Removed from Enfield to Barkhamsted, Conn., in the year 1759, compiled for Asahel Wellington Jones by Linus Newton Parker (1842–1918), Norwalk, Ohio: Laning Co. (1902); OCLC 7263462
15. To the Top of the Mountain: The life of Father Umberto Olivieri, "Padre of the Otomis," by William Nicholas Abeloe (1933–1982), Exposition Press (1976); OCLC 2424353; ISBN 0682485586; ISBN 9780682485586
16. "California, Southern District Court (Central) Naturalization Index, 1915-1976" (database with images → "Johann Josef Eugen Schumm, 1941;" citing Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, NARA, Los Angeles Branch, Laguna Niguel). FHL microfilm 1558373. November 28, 2014 – via FamilySearch.
17. "World War II Draft Cards (4th Registration) for the State of California, 1942" (database with images), FamilySearch, November 8, 2017, "Hans Josef Schumm, 1942"; citing NARA microfilm publication M1936, M1937, M1939, M1951, M1962, M1964, M1986, M2090, and M2097Los Angeles County Draft Board 242
    Draft No. 242
    ARC (NARA Archival Research Catalog) Identifier 603155
    Digital Folder Number 4669791
    Image Nos. 1868 & 1869
    (registration/login is free, but required)
18. The Espionage Filmography: United States Releases, 1898 through 1999, by Paul Mavis, McFarland & Company (2010) (Schumm is cited on 21 pages; see "Schumm, Hans" in "Cast Index" on p. 413); OCLC 910878885, 476156931
19. Hollywood 'B' Movies: A Treasury of Spills, Chills & Thrills, by John Howard Reid, Lulu Press Inc. (2005), p. 3–4; OCLC 895215571
20. "Film-Panorama: A Voice in the Wind" (film review), by Victoria & Friedrich Torberg (pen name for Friedrich Kantor; 1908–1979), Der Aufbau, Vol. 10, No. 12, March 24, 1944, p. 11; OCLC 30943749
21. "German Exile Cinema: 1933–1950," by Jan-Christopher Horak (de) (translated by Jennifer Bishop and Jan-Christopher Horak), Film History, Vol. 8, No. 4 (1996), pps. p. 381 (373–389); ISSN 0892-2160; OCLC 196677607 (accessible via JSTOR at www.jstor.org/stable/3815389)
22. Anti-Nazi-Filme der deutschsprachigen Emigration von Hollywood 1939-1945 (in German), by Jan-Christopher Horak (de), (1984), pps. 81, 136, 255; OCLC 12344138
23. "The Cuckoo Clock" (television script), by Gerald Savory, Kraft Television Theatre, February 17, 1954Phyllis Merrill Papers: 1933–1956, Series III: Scripts, Sub-series 4, Box 15, File 6, Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts; OCLC 122517134
24. Los Angeles Evening Express, Vol. 40, no. 191. November 4, 1930, " ... German Theater Season ... ". p. 17 (column 1) – via Newspapers.com.
25. "Kalifornien: Leopold Jessner" (from the Marta Mierendorff papers at USC), John M. Spalek (born 1928) & Joseph P. Strelka (de) (eds.), Deutsche Exilliteratur Since 1933, Vol. 1, No. 1, State University of New York Albany (1976), pps. 738–739; OCLC 489704553
26. Leopold Jessner - Intendant der Republik: Der Weg eines deutsch-jüdischen Regisseurs aus Ostpreußen by Matthias Heilmann, Max Niemeyer Verlag (de) (2005; 2011); OCLC 979970340
27. ^ First West Coast Exhibition, German Language Theater in Exile, Hollywood 1933-1950, Presented at the University of Southern California, Treasure Room, Doheny Library, November 1 – December 15, 1973; OCLC 882702800, 15270868
28. Von Kreuzburg bis Hollywood (From Kreuzburg to Hollywood), by Walter Wicclair (de), Henschel Verlag (de) (1975); OCLC 923117470
29. Taboo (Hollywood), November 1950, pps. 10–11
30. Mrs. Ziegfeld: The Public and Private Lives of Billie Burke, by Grant Hayter-Menzies (born 1944), McFarland & Company (2009) p. 210 (appendix); ISBN 978-0-7864-3800-6(note: the book incorrectly attributes the director of The Swallow's Nest as John Milton; Robert Milton was the director)
31. 15 photos from The Swallow's Nest, University of Southern California (1951); OCLC 663250412, 663250303, 822232721; OCLC 857823282
32. "Billie Burke Set for W.C.," Billboard, June 9, 1951, p. 42
33. Appendix to the Journal of the Senate, Legislature of the State of California 1961 in Regular Session, (Vol. 2) (1961)"Eleventh Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities," "Cinema Education Guild," pps. 197–201(Alternate link) California Digital Library
    (Alternate link) Internet Archive

Newspapers

1. "Divorces Filed," Los Angeles Times, November 2, 1943 (accessible via Newspapers.com at www.newspapers.com/image/380762757, subscription required)
2. "Links Berry to Physician," Long Beach Independent, April 29, 1948, p. 12 (accessible via Newspapers.com at www.newspapers.com/image/74866244, subscription required)
3. "On television: Ray Millard Turns to Comedy" ("The Cuckoo Clock," reviewed) by Evelyn Jones (1929–2014), Boston Herald, February 19, 1954, pg. 43
4. "Gilmore Brown Offers 'Berkeley Square' as First 1932 Production," The SaMoJaC (The Corsair), Vol. 3, No 16, January 13, 1932, p. 2
5. "Refugees to Act Here – Stage Stars Forced to Leave Nazi Areas Aided by Film Men," Los Angeles Times, May 1, 1939, Part 2, p. 3 (accessible via Newspapers.com at www.newspapers.com/image/160145814)
6. "Red Rainbow Opens Tonight" (preview article), by Sam Zolotow, New York Times, September 14, 1953, p. L24, col 1 (timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1953/09/14/83854295.html, subscription required)

External links

• Hans Josef Schumm at IMDb
• Hans Schumm at IMDb
• Hans Schumm at the TCM Movie Database
• Hans Schumm at AllMovie (biography by Hans J. Wollstein)
• Hans Schumm at AFI Catalog of Feature Films
• Hans Schumm at Česko-Slovenská filmová databáze (cs)
• Hans Schumm biography, filmography and photos at filmportal.de

• 1896 births
• 1990 deaths
• American male film actors
• German male film actors
• American male stage actors
• German male stage actors
• American male television actors
• 20th-century American male actors
• 20th-century German male actors
• German emigrants to the United States
• Male actors from Stuttgart
• Naturalized citizens of the United States
• American conscientious objectors
• Burials at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery