Haplogroup L1 - Misplaced Pages

(Redirected from Haplogroup L1 (mtDNA)) Human mitochondrial DNA grouping indicating common ancestry

Haplogroup L1
Possible time of origin	107,600–174,300 YBP
Possible place of origin	Central Africa
Ancestor	L1-6
Descendants	L1b, L1c
Defining mutations	3666, 7055, 7389, 13789, 14178, 14560

Haplogroup L1 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is most common in Central Africa and West Africa. It diverged from L1-6 at about 140,000 years ago (140.6+33.7
−33.0 kya 95% CI). Its emergence is associated with the early peopling of Africa by anatomically modern humans during the Eemian, and it is now mostly found in Central African foragers.

Ancient DNA

Among the less than 1% of subgroups of macro-haplogroup L found among the population in Europe, haplogroup L1b is present; haplogroup L1b in Europe, which is often found in West Africa, has been dated to 10,000 BP.

Distribution

Haplogroup L1 is found most commonly in Central Africa and West Africa. It reaches its highest frequency among the Mbenga people. It is likely that it was formerly more widespread, and was constrained to its current area as a result of the Bantu migration (which is largely associated with haplogroup L2). Haplogroup L1 has been observed in specimens from the island cemetery in Kulubnarti, Sudan, which date from the Early Christian period (AD 550–800). An ancient Beaker culture individual at the Camino de las Yeseras in Spain (San Fernando de Henares, Madrid; F) has also been found to carry the L1b1a mitochondrial haplogroup.

Subclades

L1c

L1c emerged at about 85 kya. It reaches its highest frequencies in West and Central Africa, notably among the Mbenga people. (See map.) Among the Mbenga, it is carried by 100% of Ba-Kola, 97% of Ba-Benzélé, and 77% of Biaka. Other populations in which L1c is particularly prevalent include the Bedzan (Tikar) people (100%), Baka people from Gabon (97%) and Cameroon (90%), the Bakoya (97%), and the Ba-Bongo (82%). Common also in São Tomé (20%) and Angola (16–24%).

L1b

L1b is much more recent, dated at about 10 kya. It is frequent in West Africa. It has also been found in Mozambique (1%), Ethiopia (2%), Egypt (1%), the Nile Valley (4%), Kung (1%), Cape Verde (8%), Senegal (17–20%), Niger/Nigeria (15%), Guinea Bissau (11%), Morocco (4–5%), and Algeria (1–2%).

Phylogenetics

L1 has two branches, L1c and L1b (the formerly named haplogroups L1d, L1k, L1a, L1f have been re-classified into haplogroup L0, as L0d, L0k, L0a, L0f; L1e as L5).

Phylogeny of L1c:

L1c
- L1c1'2'4'6
  - L1c1
    - L1c1a
      - L1c1a1
        L1c1a1a
        L1c1a1a1
        L1c1a1a1a
        
        L1c1a1a1b
        L1c1a1a1b1
        
        L1c1a1a2
        
        L1c1a1b
      - L1c1a2
        L1c1a2a
        L1c1a2a1
        
        L1c1a2a2
        
        L1c1a2b
        
        L1c1a2c
    - L1c1b'c'd
      - L1c1b
      - L1c1c'd
        L1c1c
        
        L1c1d
  - L1c2'4
    - L1c2
      - L1c2a
        L1c2a1
        L1c2a1a
        
        L1c2a1b
        
        L1c2a2
      - L1c2b
        L1c2b1
        
        L1c2b2
    - L1c4
      - L1c4a
      - L1c4b
  - L1c6
- L1c3
  - L1c3a
    - L1c3a1
    - L1c3a1a
  - L1c3b'c
    - L1c3b
      - L1c3b1
        L1c3b1a
        
        L1c3b1b
      - L1c3b2
    - L1c3c

Phylogeny of L1b:

L1b
- L1b1
  - L1b1a
    - L1b1a1'4
      - L1b1a1
      - L1b1a4
    - L1b1a2
      - L1b1a2a
    - 189
      - L1b1a3
        L1b1a3a
        L1b1a3a1
    - L1b1a5
    - L1b1a6
    - L1b1a7