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Henry Cust
Harry Cust, photograph by Cyril Flower
Born	Henry John Cockayne Cust (1861-10-10)10 October 1861 London, England
Died	2 March 1917(1917-03-02) (aged 55) London, England
Education	Trinity College, Cambridge
Occupation(s)	Politician and editor
Spouse	Emmeline Mary Elizabeth (Nina) Welby-Gregory (1893–1917)
Children	Lady Diana Manners (illegitimate daughter)
Parent(s)	Henry Cockayne-Cust Sara Jane Cookson
Relatives	Adelbert Brownlow-Cust, 3rd Earl Brownlow (2nd cousin)

Henry John Cockayne-Cust, JP, DL (10 October 1861 – 2 March 1917) was an English politician and editor who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for the Unionist Party.

Origins

He was a son of Henry Cockayne-Cust, a younger grandson of Brownlow Cust, 1st Baron Brownlow, of Belton House near Grantham in Lincolnshire, by his wife Sara Jane Cookson.

Career

Cust received his education at Eton College where he served as captain of the Oppidans. He later attended Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts and second-class honours in the Classical Tripos. Cust initially pursued a career in law and was admitted to the Inner Temple in 1888, but he ultimately decided to enter politics. He won a by-election for Stamford, Lincolnshire in 1890 and served in Parliament until the general election of 1895. He later won a seat in the constituency of Bermondsey in Surrey in 1900 and served until 1906. During this time, he also served as a Justice of the Peace for Bedfordshire and Lincolnshire, as well as Deputy Lieutenant of Bedfordshire.

Cust was a member of The Souls, a prominent social group in late-Victorian England. He was romantically involved with Pamela Wyndham, who later married Edward Tennant, 1st Baron Glenconner. Other members of the group included Margot Asquith, Arthur Balfour, George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon, Alfred Lyttelton, Godfrey Webb, and George Wyndham. Cust was known for his exceptional conversational skills and had a reputation as a womanizer. He was also rumored to be the biological father of Lady Diana Cooper, a socialite and philanthropist, by his mistress Violet Manners, Duchess of Rutland, although this was not acknowledged until much later. There were also rumors that he may have been the biological grandfather of former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, through his supposed illegitimate begetting of her mother Beatrice Ethel Stephenson. Although there was no solid proof of this connection, Lady Diana Cooper often jokingly referred to Mrs Thatcher as her niece.

In 1892, Cust was invited by William Waldorf Astor to edit the Pall Mall Gazette, despite having no prior experience in journalism. Cust quickly transformed the newspaper into the best evening journal of the period, largely due to his success in securing contributions from prominent writers such as Rudyard Kipling and H. G. Wells. However, Cust rejected contributions submitted by Astor himself, who had literary aspirations. This, along with political disagreements, led to Cust's dismissal in February 1896.

After leaving the Pall Mall Gazette, Cust continued his career as an author, writing several poems including "Non nobis". During World War I, Cust was active in propaganda efforts on behalf of the British Government. In August 1914, he founded the Central Committee for National Patriotic Organizations.

Death

He died in 1917 of a heart attack at his home in Hyde Park Gate, London. As the most senior male relative of his childless second cousin Adelbert Brownlow-Cust, 3rd Earl Brownlow, 3rd Viscount Alford, 4th Baron Brownlow, 7th Baronet (1844–1921), he had been the heir presumptive to the barony of Brownlow, the Cust baronetcy and to the extensive Cust estates centred on Belton House. However, as he predeceased the 3rd Earl by three years, the inheritance fell to his surviving younger brother Adelbert Cockayne-Cust, 5th Baron Brownlow, 8th Baronet (1867–1927).

A detailed look at Cust's life is found in Tangled Souls: Love and Scandal among the Victorian Aristocracy by Jane Dismore (see Further Reading).

Marriage

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As the result of a purported pregnancy, he married on 11 October 1893 Emmeline Mary Elizabeth Welby-Gregory (1867 – 29 September 1955), known as Nina, a daughter of Sir William Welby-Gregory, 4th Baronet by his wife Victoria Stuart-Wortley. The pregnancy was either false or a misrepresentation, and the couple, whose marriage was thereafter contentious, did not have any children. Nina Cust was an artist and a translator and editor of her mother's papers. She and her husband are buried together at St Peter and St Paul's Church, Belton in an elaborate white marble monument with a recumbent effigy of Harry Cust, sculpted by her. Nina and Harry's relationship is at the centre of the book Tangled Souls: Love and Scandal among the Victorian Aristocracy by Jane Dismore (see Further Reading).

Illegitimate descendants

Lady Diana Cooper

His best-known lovechild was the socialite Lady Diana Cooper (1892-1986), legally the daughter of Henry Manners, 8th Duke of Rutland. Internationally famous for her beauty, she married the politician Duff Cooper in 1919.

Lady Thatcher (rumoured)

A long-standing rumour has held that Cust had an affair with a servant at Belton House called Phoebe Stephenson, who consequently gave birth to a daughter named Beatrice, who having married Alfred Roberts, a grocer in nearby Grantham, became the mother of Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. In the 1980s, the very elderly Diana Cooper referred to Thatcher as "my niece, the Prime Minister".

Others

Anita Leslie, in her book Marlborough House Set, implies that Cust had many more children by aristocratic mistresses: Leslie writes—

So much of the Cust strain entered England's peerage that from such a number of cradles there gazed babies with eyes like large sapphires instead of the black boot buttons of their legal fathers.

Legacy

• An annual Cust Lecture "on some important current topic relating to the British Empire" was endowed in the University of Nottingham to commemorate his work.
• His Occasional Poems appeared in 1918, printed in Jerusalem.

Footnotes

1. "Ancestry of Harry Cust". wargs.com. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
2. "Cust (Cockayne-Cust), Henry John Cockayne (CST881HJ)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
3. The Cust baronetcy, created in 1677, was designated "of Stamford"
4. John Campbell The Grocer's Daughter
5. Damian Atkinson, "Cust, Henry John Cockayne", in The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, H.C.G. Matthew and Brian Harrison, eds. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), v. 14, p. 819.
6. "876. Non Nobis. Henry Cust. The Oxford Book of English Verse". bartleby.com. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
7. "876. Non Nobis. Henry Cust. The Oxford Book of English Verse". www.bartleby.com. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
8. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). "Cust, Henry John Cockayne" . Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.
9. Rylance-Watson, Alice (21 April 2021). "The Great British Art Tour: from a ceiling alcove, an artist's quiet gaze". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
10. It came to light in 2009 that Diana's son John Julius Cooper, 2nd Viscount Norwich was the biological father of the writer Allegra Huston, whose legal father was the American film-maker John Huston
11. "Roberts, Beatrice - Mother to a Prime Minister". 14 August 2013. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
12. Anita Leslie, Marlborough House Set, p.248

Further reading

• Anita Leslie, The Marlborough House Set, Doubleday, New York, 1973 - Contains an entire chapter on Cust (Chapter 23, pp. 241–248)
• Jane Dismore, Tangled Souls: Love and Scandal among the Victorian Aristocracy, The History Press, Cheltenham, 2022) The focus of this biography, which uses previously unpublished material, is the relationship between Harry Cust and Nina Welby-Gregory, set in the context of their group 'the Souls'.

External links

Media related to Harry Cust at Wikimedia Commons

• Works by Henry John Cockayne Cust at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about Harry Cust at the Internet Archive
• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Henry Cust

• 1861 births
• 1917 deaths
• People educated at Eton College
• Politics of the London Borough of Southwark
• Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
• UK MPs 1886–1892
• UK MPs 1892–1895
• UK MPs 1900–1906
• Deputy lieutenants of Bedfordshire
• English newspaper editors
• English male journalists
• British newspaper editors
• English male poets