| Harry Gairey | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1898-08-29)August 29, 1898 |
| Died | 1993 (aged 94–95) Toronto |
| Nationality | Canadian |
| Occupation | Railroad porter |
| Known for | Activism |
Harry Ralph Gairey (29 August 1898 – 1993) was a Jamaican-born Black Canadian community leader and activist who worked as a railroad porter for much of his life.
Early life
Harry Ralph Gairey was born in Jamaica in 1898, one of seven siblings. His father, a businessman, passed away when Gairey was five and his mother moved the family to Cuba, where later a teenage Gairey would work in a sugar mill, taking samples to the site's chemist.
Canada
Gairey moved to Toronto from Cuba in August 1914, a few days before his sixteenth birthday, more for what he later described as the "adventuring", rather than a better life. He worked for the Grand Trunk Railway as a dishwasher, cook and waiter until 1932, when Black waiters were laid off in the competition for remaining jobs resulting from the railway's absorption into the operations of Canadian National. He married a skilled dressmaker Elma, who he described as "Jamaican and part Hindu" and they had a son Harry Junior. In 1936, to support his young family, Gairey returned to railway work, this time for Canadian Pacific as a porter. The poor working conditions and lack of job security led Gairey, along with other porters including Stanley G. Grizzle, to form a local chapter of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters labour union in the 1940s. Gairey was promoted to the position of porter instructor in the late 1940s.
In November 1945 Gairey's teenage son, Harry Gairey Jr., was refused entry to the Icelandia indoor skating rink on racial grounds. The incident and resulting protests by students received substantial news coverage in Toronto. Gairey appealed to his alderman and the city council, spurring the creation of Toronto's first anti-discrimination ordinance in 1947. Gairey argued that since military conscription was extended to all young Canadian men, regardless of race, the rights of every citizen should be the same as well.
Gairey's civil rights activism made him a leader in Toronto's Black community and effected change at a national level. Inspired by the work of Marcus Garvey, he was a charter member of the Toronto branch of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and helped to form the Negro Citizenship Association to advocate for changes to Canada's discriminatory immigration laws.
In an obituary, Gairey was lauded for his leadership and his efforts to combat racial discrimination.
Awards
Harry Gairey received the Jamaican Order of Distinction in 1977 in recognition of his long service to the Caribbean communities of Toronto. He was awarded the Order of Canada in 1986 and the Order of Ontario in 1987, its inaugural year. The outdoor skating rink in Alexandra Park, Toronto, was named in Gairey's honour in 1996.
References
- "Digital Collections". digitalcollections.ucalgary.ca. Retrieved 2024-05-04.
- ^ Gairey, Harry (1981). Hill, Donna (ed.). A black man's Toronto, 1914-1980 : the reminiscences of Harry Gairey. Toronto: Multicultural History of Ontario. p. 5. ISBN 0-919045-03-0.
- ^ Bradburn, Jamie (6 March 2010). "Historicist: Icy Discrimination". Torontoist. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
- ^ Haim, George (4 September 2015). "Obituary: Harry Gairey Jr.'s graceful, sporting life | Toronto Star". The Toronto Star. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
- Gairey, Harry (1981). Hill, Donna (ed.). A black man's Toronto, 1914-1980 : the reminiscences of Harry Gairey. Toronto: Multicultural History of Ontario. p. 12. ISBN 0-919045-03-0.
- Duncanson, John (26 October 1993). "Civil rights leader Harry Gairey, 98, fought to help blacks, immigrants". Toronto Star. ProQuest 1370741721.
- "Jamaica to honor Metro resident, 82". Toronto Star. 11 November 1977. ProQuest 1398218227.