M320 Grenade Launcher Module

(Redirected from Heckler & Koch XM320) "M320" redirects here. For the opioid, see M320 (opioid).

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Grenade launcher

M320 Grenade Launcher Module
Standalone M320 with detachable buttstock
Type	Grenade launcher
Place of origin	Germany and United States
Service history
In service	2009–present
Used by	See Users
Wars	Internal conflict in Myanmar War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) Russian invasion of Ukraine Israel-Hamas War
Production history
Designed	2008
Manufacturer	Heckler & Koch Capco Inc.
Unit cost	US$3500
Produced	2008
Variants	M320, M320A1
Specifications
Mass	1.5 kg (3.3 lb)
Length	350 mm (13.7 in.)
Barrel length	280 mm (11 in.)

Cartridge	40×46mm SR
Action	Single-shot, double-action
Rate of fire	5 to 7 rounds per minute
Muzzle velocity	76 m/s (250 ft/s)
Effective firing range	150 m (490 ft) (point) 350 m (1,150 ft) (area)
Maximum firing range	400 m (1,300 ft)
Feed system	Single-shot

M320 Grenade Launcher Module (GLM) is the U.S. military's designation for a new single-shot 40 mm grenade launcher system to replace the M203 for the U.S. Army, while other services initially kept using the older M203. The M320 uses the same High-Low Propulsion System as the M203.

History

In 2004, the Army announced a requirement for a commercial off-the-shelf 40 mm grenade launcher. It had to be more reliable, ergonomic, accurate, and safer than the M203. It had to be able to fire all 40 mm low-velocity grenades but be loaded from the breech to accept future longer projectiles. Heckler & Koch's submission was selected in May 2005.

After the U.S. Army at Picatinny Arsenal conducted a competitive bidding process for a new 40 mm grenade launching system, Heckler & Koch was awarded a contract to provide the XM320 beginning in 2006. The M320 was developed from but is not identical to the Heckler & Koch AG36 (a key distinguishing feature being the addition of a folding foregrip ahead of the trigger for use when the weapon is in stand-alone configuration, a feature the AG36 lacks). The M320 entered production in November 2008.

Fielding of the M320 was planned to begin in February 2009, with 71,600 GLMs planned to phase out the M203 by 2015. The weapon was officially fielded in July 2009 at Fort Bragg by the 1st Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division. In June 2017, Bravo Company, 2nd Combat Engineer Battalion became the first U.S. Marine Corps unit to be issued the M320. Following initial experiments, the Marines expect to issue 7,000 launchers between 2019 and 2022.

Design

The M320 has three major parts: a grenade launcher with rifled barrel, Day/Night Sight (DNS) produced by Insight Technology, Inc and a hand held Laser Range Finder (LRF). Some of the benefits are:

The M320 can be used in two ways. It can be attached to the M16 assault rifle, CAR-15 carbine, M4 carbine, HK416, or other types of rifles, attaching under the barrel forward of the magazine, or it can be used dismounted with a stock attached as a stand-alone model. A grenadier carrying an M320 with an M4 and three dozen 40 mm grenades will have a total weapon load of 38 lb (17 kg).
The Day/Night Sight allows the grenadier to effectively engage the enemy in the dark.

The M320 is based on the earlier Heckler & Koch AG-C, but with some Army-specific modifications. It includes a folding foregrip and shorter barrel for a more compact package. The sights had to be reconfigured to shoot accurately with the slightly different ballistics from the shorter barrel length. The system was supposed to be lighter than the M203 (it is actually slightly heavier) and does not require specific mounting hardware. Breech loading allows the grenadier to load a shell while keeping the sight on target. It weighs 3.57 lb (1.62 kg) in its base configuration, 3.89 lb (1.76 kg) with the LRF and electronic sight, and 4.8 lb (2.2 kg) with the stock attached. The sights on the M320 are located to the side of the launcher, avoiding the problems that the M203 had with its sight design, which were mounted on top of the launcher and could interfere with the rifle's sights, so they had to be attached separately. This meant two separate operations had to be performed when adding the grenade launcher to the weapon, and since the sights were not integral to the M203, they had to be re-zeroed every time the launcher was reattached to the rifle. The LRF helps eliminate range estimation errors common in shots greater than 100 meters, thus increasing first round hit probability.

The M320 can fire all NATO high-explosive, smoke, and illumination grenades. Its breech opens to the side, allowing it to fire a variety of newer rounds which are longer, in particular certain non-lethal rounds, such as Federal Laboratories' "exact impact" (brand name) non-lethal sponge batons or sponge grenades. The M320 operates in double-action mode, with an ambidextrous safety. In case of misfire, the M320 operator merely has to pull the trigger again. The M203 used a single-action mode, which cocks the weapon as the barrel is opened. The M203 operator has to open the barrel by unlocking it and pushing forward to cock the weapon and then re-close the barrel, then pull the trigger again. The problem with this is that in opening the barrel, the grenade is designed to eject and the operator must ensure that it does not fall to the ground.

The M320 is one of two 40 mm grenade launchers capable of firing Pike Missile (developed by Raytheon) without modification—the other being the FN EGLM (Enhanced Grenade Launching Module) developed for the FN SCAR.

Nonetheless, the weapon's introduction was not without criticism:

Soldiers complained about switching from the simple, more streamlined M203 to one with more sophisticated attachments (although this could be attributed simply to the change from a long-standing "tried and true" system to a new one). Complaints ranged from the forward grip and sighting system, the pistol grip handle catching on things, and the side loading mechanism. They even criticized its ability to act as a stand-alone launcher, a feature included in response to troops re-acquiring Vietnam-era M79 grenade launchers that supposedly gave better accuracy when fired from the shoulder than if slung under a rifle, although the collapsible stock is somewhat short for the task.

The M320 has the ability to fire detached from a rifle. Soldiers have reported difficulties carrying it unmounted, as its one-point sling does not hold it securely. Carrying by the sling would cause it to bounce around and sometimes be dragged through dirt. Soldiers wanted to carry the M320 in a holster to provide protection, rather than just putting it in their rucksack. The Natick Soldier Systems Center began the M320GL Holster Soldier Enhancement Program (SEP) in November 2012. Three commercial vendors produced 167 holsters each. The SEP used the "buy-try-decide" concept, which allows the Army to test the functionality of equipment without spending much time on research and development. Soldiers from the 75th Ranger Regiment were given a dozen holsters and went through standardized tests in mid-May 2013, after which they filled out surveys. The next step was to test them with an entire brigade. As of July 2013, the holsters were being evaluated by soldiers in Afghanistan. Project officials were to make a recommendation to Fort Benning by the beginning of fiscal year 2014.

Users

Non-State Actors

Kachin Independence Army: Uses the KA-0024, a clone of the M320.

References

"Manufacturing the Revolution: Weapons and Explosives Craft-Produced by Myanmar's Anti-Junta Fighters". Militant Wire. 1 November 2022.
^ "x.com". X (formerly Twitter).
^ "40mm M320 grenade launcher will be replace M203 next year". Thefirearmblog.com, 5 December 2008.
"XM320 Grenade Launcher Module And XM26 Modular Accessory Shotgun System". Army Magazine. Archived from the original on 8 February 2006.
"Product Manager Individual Weapons" Archived 22 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine
^ History of the Heckler & Koch 40mm Grenade Launcher – SAdefensejournal.com, 24 August 2011
"AG36 / AG-C / EGLM / XM320 grenade launcher". Modern Firearms. Archived from the original on 3 June 2012. Retrieved 14 July 2007.
^ "Heckler & Koch M320 GLM (HK AG36) 40mm Single-Shot Under-Barrel Grenade Launcher (UBGL) (2010)". MilitaryFactory.
MacLeod, Spc. Michael J. "Bragg GIs 1st to Field Grenade Launcher". Military.com, 8 July 2009
Out with the old, in with the new: Marines test new grenade launcher module – Marines.mil, 9 June 2017
Marine Corps testing upgraded grenade launcher – MarineCorpstimes.com, 14 June 2017
Soldiers’ Perspective: The M320 Grenade Launcher – Kitup.Military.com, 28 May 2010
Natick develops holster for M320 grenade launcher – Army.mil, 25 July 2013
"ยุทโธปกรณ์ในกองทัพบกไทย". 2 May 2019.
"The Ukrainian servicemen started using the M320 grenade launchers". 24 May 2022.
"Manufacturing the Revolution: Weapons and Explosives Craft-Produced by Myanmar's Anti-Junta Fighters". Militant Wire. 1 November 2022.

Fuller, BG Peter N.; COL Douglas A. Tamilio (18 May 2010). "Project Manager Soldier Weapons Briefing for NDIA" (PDF). PEO Soldier. United States Army. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2010.

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Army.

External links

Current U.S. infantry service weapons and cartridges

Handguns

Rifles

Assault, battle	M16 M4 XM7 MK 18 CQBR XM177 GAU-5/A M231 FPW M27 IAR HK416 MK 16 MK 17 MK 14 EBR M14
Designated marksman	Mk 14 EBR M39 EMR M14 M21 SWS M25 SWS M38 DMR M110A1 SDMR SDM-R MK 12 SPR SEAL Recon Rifle
Sniper, anti-materiel	M110 SASS MK 11 M110A1 CSASS MK 20 SSR M107 M40 M2010 ESR M24 SWS MK 21 PSR MK 22 ASR – PSR MK 13 MK 15

Grenade launchers	M203 M320 GLM MK 13 EGLM M79 M32 MGL MK 19 MK 47
Mortars	M224 LWCMS M252 M120
Recoilless rifle	M3A1 MAAWS M136 AT4
Rockets	M72 LAW MK 153 SMAW M141 BDM M202 FLASH
Missiles	BGM-71 TOW FGM-148 Javelin FIM-92 Stinger