Hedevig Christine Paus (29 October 1763 – 7 March 1848) was a Norwegian businesswoman and the grandmother of the playwright Henrik Ibsen. Henrik Ibsen's parents, Knud and Marichen—Hedevig's daughter—grew up as close relatives, sometimes referred to as "near-siblings," and both belonged to the tightly intertwined Paus family at the Rising estate and in Altenburggården – that is, the extended family of the sibling pair Hedevig Paus and Ole Paus, who belonged to the merchant elite of Skien. Ibsen drew significant inspiration from his childhood environment and family, and named or modelled various characters after family members; the main character of "Hedvig" in his masterpiece The Wild Duck was named after her.
Biography
She was born at Bjåland in Lårdal in 1763. A member of the regionally prominent Paus family of civil servants, she was the daughter of the forest inspector of Upper Telemark, Cornelius Paus, and Christine Falck. Cornelius's father and grandfather were both chief district judges of Upper Telemark. Hedevig was the sister of the ship's captain and shipowner Ole Paus, and of Martha Paus (1761–1786), who was married to the shipowner and timber merchant Hans Jensen Blom.
In 1794, she married the ship's captain Johan Andreas Altenburg, who early ceased sailing and settled down as a wealthy shipowner and merchant in Skien. At the beginning of the 1800s, the Altenburg family was among the wealthiest merchant families in the port city of Skien. Johan Andreas Altenburg "owned properties valued between twenty and thirty thousand, including a large mansion, a spirits distillery at Lundetangen, which was the second largest in the county, as well as a farm in the countryside at Århus and two ships engaged in the timber trade."
Her husband died in 1824, and she then took over his businesses. The following year, their daughter Marichen Altenburg married Knud Ibsen, who was the stepson of Hedevig's brother Ole Paus. Hedevig then transferred the assets to her daughter, and according to the laws of the time, they became the property of her son-in-law. The fortune enabled Knud Ibsen to establish himself as one of Skien's leading merchants in the late 1820s and early 1830s. One of her brother's sons, and Knud's half-brothers, Henrik Johan Paus, was also raised by Hedevig and Johan Andreas Altenburg. The families of Paus, Altenburg, and Ibsen were, therefore, very closely and intricately interwoven, and the marriage between Marichen and Knud has been described as "a perfect family arrangement." Hedevig Paus was the grandmother of Henrik Ibsen.
Henrik Ibsen named many literary characters after family members, and he gave his grandmother's name to the character "Hedvig (Ekdal)" in The Wild Duck. Ibsen also wrote that he had used his own family and childhood memories as the model for the Gynt family in Peer Gynt.
References
- Jørgen Haave, Familien Ibsen, Museumsforlaget, 2017, ISBN 9788283050455.
- Nygaard, Jon (2013). «...af stort est du kommen»: Henrik Ibsen og Skien. Senter for Ibsen-studier. ISBN 9788291540122.
- Figueiredo, Ivo de (2019). Henrik Ibsen: The Man and the Mask. Yale University Press.
- Robert Ferguson, Henrik Ibsen: mellom evne og higen, Cappelen, 2006, ISBN 978-82-02-23875-9, pp. 16-17
- Joan Templeton, Ibsen's women, Cambridge University Press, 1997, p. 1ff.
| Paus family | |||||||
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| Early members |
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| Henrik Ibsen's family | ||
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| Ancestors and birth relatives | Grandparents Henrich Ibsen, Johanne Plesner, Johan Andreas Altenburg, Hedevig Paus, Ole Paus (step grandfather), parents Knud Ibsen and Marichen Altenburg, sister Hedvig Ibsen, uncles Christian Cornelius Paus, Henrik Johan Paus, Christopher Blom Paus, great-aunt Kristine Cathrine Ploug (née Altenburg), first cousin Ole Paus, nephew Carl Stousland, first cousin once removed Christopher de Paus, great-grandfather Cornelius Paus | |
| Wife, family-in-law and issue | Wife Suzannah Ibsen (née Thoresen), step mother-in-law Magdalene Thoresen, son Sigurd Ibsen, daughter-in-law Bergliot Ibsen (née Bjørnson), grandson Tancred Ibsen, granddaughter Irene Ibsen Bille (née Ibsen), grandson's wife Lillebil Ibsen (née Krohn), great-grandsons Tancred Ibsen Jr. and Joen Bille, great-great-granddaughters Nora Ibsen and Beate Bille | |
| See also: Ibsen family – Paus family | ||