Misplaced Pages

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (October 2012) Click for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the German article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Misplaced Pages. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Misplaced Pages article at ]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|de|Heinrich III. (Hessen)}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Misplaced Pages:Translation.

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Henry III, Landgrave of Upper Hesse" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Henry III
Landgrave of Upper Hesse Landgrave of Hesse-Marburg
Effigy of Henry III, Landgrave of Upper-Hesse in St. Elizabeth's Church.
Born	15 October 1440
Died	13 January 1483
Buried	St. Elizabeth's Church, Marburg, Germany
Noble family	House of Hesse
Spouse(s)	Anna of Katzenelnbogen
Issue	Frederick Ludwig III Elisabeth of Hesse-Marburg William III, Landgrave of Hesse Mathilde of Hesse Heinrich
Father	Louis I, Landgrave of Hesse
Mother	Anna of Saxony

Henry III, Landgrave of Upper Hesse, called "the Rich" (15 October 1440 – 13 January 1483) was the second son of Louis I of Hesse and his wife Anna of Saxony.

Upon the death of his father Louis I in 1458, Henry received Upper Hesse and his brother Louis II received Lower Hesse. He succeeded to the title of Landgrave of Hesse-Marburg in 1458. His nickname "the Rich" is indicative of his fortune in territory and tolls on the Rhine received by his marriage to Anna, daughter and heir of Philipp, the last Count of Katzenelnbogen and his wife Anne of Württemberg.

Life

Henry was the second son of Landgrave Ludwig I of Hesse and his wife Anna of Saxony. Ludwig I had stipulated in his will that Henry and his brother Ludwig (1438–1471) should share the landgraviate equally between them, but did not concretize this provision until his death. Ludwig II initially decided on Lower Hesse and left Marburg and the land on the Lahn to Heinrich, where he ruled as Heinrich III. He received his nickname "the Rich" due to his marriage to Anna of Katzenelnbogen (daughter of Philipp I) and the territorial gains associated with it, which also came with considerable financial gain, including the lucrative revenues from Rhine customs.

The dispute over the exact division of the landgraviate between the two brothers dragged on for more than ten years. Several appraisals and arbitration awards had no effect. After initial encroachments, the conflict finally escalated in 1468/69 into an open feud, the so-called Hessian Brother War. A peace brokered by the third brother, Hermann, later archbishop of Köln, initiated renewed partition negotiations. The result was another agreement at a Diet of the Hessian Landstände in Spieskappel Monastery, on the traditional border between Lower and Upper Hesse, in 1470. Again, some points remained unresolved. However, further discussion was unnecessary, since Ludwig II died already in 1471. Henry III took over the guardianship of Ludwig II's two sons and ruled over Lower and Upper Hesse until his death in 1483.

The Marburg line became extinct with Heinrich's son, Wilhelm III, in 1500, and its possessions fell by inheritance to the Kassel line.

Children

His daughter Elisabeth (1466–1523) would go on to marry John V, Count of Nassau-Siegen and they would become grandparents to William the Silent. His younger daughter, Mathilde (1473–1524), would go on to marry John II, Duke of Cleves and they would become grandparents to Queen Anne of Cleves. Henry's only son to reach adulthood succeeded as William III (Wilhelm III, Landgraf von Hessen-Marburg) (1471–1500). In 1498, William ΙΙΙ married Elisabeth, the daughter of Philip, Elector Palatine. William ΙΙΙ left no legitimate heir and the title passed to his cousin, William II, Landgrave of Hesse, son of Louis II, Landgrave of Lower Hesse.

Henry also had an illegitimate daughter, Contzel (* before 1471; † before 1508), with a woman named Christina (Steyna), the wife of the painter Johannes Dietz († 1480) of Marburg. Contzel married Ludwig Orth (about 1460–1523), the several-times mayor of Marburg, and their descendants include Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

Ancestry

References

1. ^ Morby, John. Dynasties of the World: a chronological and genealogical handbook (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1989), page 135.
2. Knetsch, Carl (1932). "Ahnentafel Johann Wolfgang Goethes" [Pedigree of Johann Wolfgang Goethe] (PDF) (in German). Retrieved 23 March 2022.

External links

• Wikisource: "Heinrich III. (Landgraf von Hessen)", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
• Wikisource: "Wilhelm III. (Landgraf von Hessen)", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie

• House of Hesse
• Landgraves of Hesse
• 1483 deaths
• 1440 births