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SLC31A1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2LS2, 2LS3, 2LS4
Identifiers
Aliases	SLC31A1, COPT1, CTR1, solute carrier family 31 member 1
External IDs	OMIM: 603085; MGI: 1333843; HomoloGene: 1399; GeneCards: SLC31A1; OMA:SLC31A1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 9 (human) Band 9q32 Start 113,221,544 bp End 113,264,492 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 4 (mouse) Band 4|4 B3 Start 62,278,964 bp End 62,310,006 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in parotid gland jejunal mucosa olfactory zone of nasal mucosa duodenum liver mucosa of paranasal sinus right lobe of liver nasal epithelium cartilage tissue amniotic fluid Top expressed in Ileal epithelium choroid plexus of fourth ventricle Epithelium of choroid plexus right kidney superior cervical ganglion proximal tubule yolk sac epithelium of lens left lung lobe jejunum More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function copper ion transmembrane transporter activity identical protein binding Cellular component cytoplasm integral component of membrane recycling endosome soma late endosome plasma membrane integral component of plasma membrane membrane Biological process cellular response to cisplatin copper ion transport copper ion import ion transport xenobiotic transmembrane transport copper ion transmembrane transport cellular copper ion homeostasis copper ion import across plasma membrane Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 1317 20529 Ensembl ENSG00000136868 ENSMUSG00000066150 UniProt O15431 Q8K211 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001859 NM_175090 RefSeq (protein) NP_001850 NP_780299 Location (UCSC) Chr 9: 113.22 – 113.26 Mb Chr 4: 62.28 – 62.31 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

High affinity copper uptake protein 1 (CTR1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC31A1 gene.

Copper is an element essential for life, but excessive copper can be toxic or even lethal to the cell. Therefore, cells have developed sophisticated ways to maintain a critical copper balance, with the intake, export, and intracellular compartmentalization or buffering of copper strictly regulated. The 2 related genes ATP7A and ATP7B, responsible for the human diseases Menkes syndrome and Wilson disease, respectively, are involved in copper export. In S. cerevisiae, the copper uptake genes CTR1, CTR2, and CTR3 have been identified, and in human the CTR1 and CTR2 (MIM 603088) genes have been identified.

Clinical significance

In 2022, a new autosomal-recessive disease was discovered that is caused by mutations of the CTR1 gene. The disease is characterized by profound deficiency of copper in the central nervous system and presents with infantile seizures and neurodegeneration.

See also

• Solute carrier family

References

1. ^ GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000136868 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. ^ GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000066150 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Zhou B, Gitschier J (Aug 1997). "hCTR1: a human gene for copper uptake identified by complementation in yeast". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 94 (14): 7481–6. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.7481Z. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.14.7481. PMC 23847. PMID 9207117.
6. ^ "Entrez Gene: SLC31A1 solute carrier family 31 (copper transporters), member 1".
7. Batzios S, Tal G, DiStasio AT, Peng Y, Charalambous C, Nicolaides P, Kamsteeg EJ, Korman SH, Mandel H, Steinbach PJ, Yi L, Fair SR, Hester ME, Drousiotou A, Kaler SG (August 2022). "Newly identified disorder of copper metabolism caused by variants in CTR1, a high-affinity copper transporter". Human Molecular Genetics. 31 (24): 4121–4130. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddac156. PMC 9759326. PMID 35913762.

Further reading

• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
• Møller LB, Petersen C, Lund C, Horn N (2001). "Characterization of the hCTR1 gene: genomic organization, functional expression, and identification of a highly homologous processed gene". Gene. 257 (1): 13–22. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00394-2. PMID 11054564.
• Lee J, Peña MM, Nose Y, Thiele DJ (2002). "Biochemical characterization of the human copper transporter Ctr1". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (6): 4380–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M104728200. PMID 11734551.
• Puig S, Lee J, Lau M, Thiele DJ (2002). "Biochemical and genetic analyses of yeast and human high affinity copper transporters suggest a conserved mechanism for copper uptake". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (29): 26021–30. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202547200. PMID 11983704.
• Klomp AE, Tops BB, Van Denberg IE, et al. (2002). "Biochemical characterization and subcellular localization of human copper transporter 1 (hCTR1)". Biochem. J. 364 (Pt 2): 497–505. doi:10.1042/BJ20011803. PMC 1222595. PMID 12023893.
• Eisses JF, Kaplan JH (2002). "Molecular characterization of hCTR1, the human copper uptake protein". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (32): 29162–71. doi:10.1074/jbc.M203652200. PMID 12034741.
• Lee J, Petris MJ, Thiele DJ (2002). "Characterization of mouse embryonic cells deficient in the ctr1 high affinity copper transporter. Identification of a Ctr1-independent copper transport system". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (43): 40253–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208002200. PMID 12177073.
• Klomp AE, Juijn JA, van der Gun LT, et al. (2003). "The N-terminus of the human copper transporter 1 (hCTR1) is localized extracellularly, and interacts with itself". Biochem. J. 370 (Pt 3): 881–9. doi:10.1042/BJ20021128. PMC 1223224. PMID 12466020.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Petris MJ, Smith K, Lee J, Thiele DJ (2003). "Copper-stimulated endocytosis and degradation of the human copper transporter, hCtr1". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (11): 9639–46. doi:10.1074/jbc.M209455200. PMID 12501239.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
• Guo Y, Smith K, Lee J, et al. (2004). "Identification of methionine-rich clusters that regulate copper-stimulated endocytosis of the human Ctr1 copper transporter". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (17): 17428–33. doi:10.1074/jbc.M401493200. PMID 14976198.
• Guo Y, Smith K, Petris MJ (2004). "Cisplatin stabilizes a multimeric complex of the human Ctr1 copper transporter: requirement for the extracellular methionine-rich clusters". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (45): 46393–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M407777200. PMID 15326162.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Eisses JF, Chi Y, Kaplan JH (2005). "Stable plasma membrane levels of hCTR1 mediate cellular copper uptake". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (10): 9635–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M500116200. PMID 15634665.
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. S2CID 4427026.
• Hardman B, Manuelpillai U, Wallace EM, et al. (2006). "Expression, localisation and hormone regulation of the human copper transporter hCTR1 in placenta and choriocarcinoma Jeg-3 cells". Placenta. 27 (9–10): 968–77. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2005.10.011. PMID 16356544.
• Aller SG, Unger VM (2006). "Projection structure of the human copper transporter CTR1 at 6-A resolution reveals a compact trimer with a novel channel-like architecture". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103 (10): 3627–32. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.3627A. doi:10.1073/pnas.0509929103. PMC 1450133. PMID 16501047.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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