History of cross-strait relations

History of cross-strait relations
臺灣海峽
West Coast of the Strait	Period	Major cross-strait events	East Coast of the Strait
Song dynasty	1171	Han Chinese fishermen settle on Penghu and soldiers are stationed	Taiwan prehistory
Song dynasty	1225	Penghu is attached to Quanzhou
Yuan dynasty	1281	Establishment of Penghu Inspection Division
Yuan dynasty	1349	A Brief History of the Island of Yi by Wang Dayuan
Ming dynasty	1603	Dongfanji by Chen Di
	1624	Battle of Penghu	Under Dutch and Spanish rule
	1633	Battle of Liaoluo Bay	Under Dutch and Spanish rule
Southern Ming	1661	Siege of Fort Zeelandia	Kingdom of Tungning
Qing dynasty	1667	Ding Wei floating man incident
	1683	Penghu Sea Battle
	1684	Establishment of Taiwan Prefecture	Qing dynasty
	1731	Ta-Chia-hsi revolt
	1840	First Opium War
	1885	Transformation into a province
	1895	Treaty of Shimonoseki	Japan
	1900	Xiamen Events
Republic of China	1911	1911 Revolution
	1943	1943 Cairo Declaration
	1945	Surrender of Japan Takeover of Taiwan and Penghu
	1947	February 28 incident
People's Republic of China	1949	Relocation of the National Government	Republic of China (Taiwan)
	1978	Chinese economic reform
	1979	Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
	1987	Open cross-strait family visits
	1993	Wang–Koo summit
	1996	Third Taiwan Strait Crisis
	2001	Cross-strait implementation of the Little Three Way
	2010	Cross-strait signing of ECFA
	2014	Disputes over the Trade and Services Census The Sunflower Movement
	2015	Ma–Xi meeting
	2022	2022 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan
	Present	Political status of Taiwan

The history of Cross-Strait relations introduces the historical changes in the relationship between China and Taiwan since the beginning of time. Suspected records of Taiwan in the history of China date back to the earliest times, when Yizhou (island) was mentioned in the "Three Kingdoms", or Liuqiu in the "Book of Sui". During the Song dynasty and Yuan dynasties, there was trade between the two sides of the Strait, and in 1281, Kublai Khan established the Penghu Inspection Division, which began to exercise administrative jurisdiction over Penghu. In 1349, Wang Dayuan documented in Island Yi Zhi Lu that Penghu belonged to Jinjiang County, Quanzhou, and that Liuqiu was one of the overseas countries. The "Dongfan Ji", written by Chen Di in the Ming Dynasty, depicts the customs of the aborigines in southwest Taiwan. Since the 1620s, cross-strait relations have been influenced by the Dutch, the Spanish, the Han Chinese, the Manchus, and the Japanese, and mainland China and Taiwan have either unified or separated, with ups and downs.

In 1945, World War II ended and the Republic of China took over Taiwan. Cross-strait relations developed in a tortuous manner in response to changes in the domestic and international situation. In the second Chinese Communist Revolution, the Nationalist Army led by the Kuomintang was defeated by the Liberation Army led by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). In 1949, the People's Republic of China was established and gradually took control of the entire Chinese mainland. The Republic of China, on the other hand, retreated to Taiwan, Penghu, Jinma, and other islands. The CCP tried to liberate Taiwan, and the Kuomintang prepared to counter-attack the mainland. A military confrontation between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait began and many armed clashes took place.

After the People's Republic of China replaced the Republic of China (ROC) as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council in 1971, the foreign relations of Taiwan were limited. On January 1, 1979, the People's Republic of China established diplomatic relations with the United States and, at the same time, announced the end of the shelling of Kinmen and proposed a policy of peaceful reunification and one country, two systems. In 1987, after the Republic of China lifted the curfew and opened up cross-strait family visits, cross-strait relations became smoother. But in 1995, when President Lee Teng-hui visited the United States, cross-strait relations became tense again. After entering the 21st century, the economic relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait became quite close, and, in 2018, when the KMT returned to power in Taiwan, cross-strait relations eased. The meeting of the top leaders across the Taiwan Strait in Singapore in 2015 was seen as a major breakthrough in the history of cross-strait relations. And since the return of the Democratic Progressive Party to power in 2016, cross-strait relations have become tense again.

Historical Stages

There is no universally accepted standard regarding the beginning of cross-strait relations or historical chronology. In his book "History of Cross-Strait Relations," Professor Zhang Chunying, deputy director of the Institute of Taiwan Studies at Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, divides the history of cross-strait relations into four periods: the first stage is from the prehistoric period to the Dutch occupation of Taiwan in the 1620s; the second stage is the period from the Dutch, Ming Zheng, Qing, and Japanese rule of Taiwan, to the takeover of Taiwan by the Republic of China in 1945; the third stage is the cross-strait military confrontation formed after the withdrawal of the central government of the Republic of China from mainland China in 1949; the fourth stage is the end of the military confrontation between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait since the 1980s and the de-escalation and development of relations. Professor Shao Zonghai of the Institute of Zhongshan and mainland China Studies at the Chinese Culture University divides the history of cross-strait relations after 1949 into five periods: military confrontation, legal disputes, exchange and détente, ideological confrontation, and reciprocal consultation.

Ancient Times

Period of the Three Kingdoms (suspected)

Some scholars believe that Yizhou in the Three Kingdoms was Taiwan, but the view is controversial

Southern Song Dynasty with Penghu and Liuqiu

The Chinese history book, "Records of the Three Kingdoms - Wu Zhi" records that in the first month of spring in the second year of Huanglong (230), Eastern Wu sent generals Wei Wen and Zhu Ge Zhi with 10,000 soldiers to cross the sea from Zhang'an in Linhai County in search of Yizhou, and thousands of them landed on Yizhou and returned. In addition, the book "Linhai Water and Land" written by Shen Ying, the governor of Danyang in Eastern Wu, records that Yizhou is 2,000 miles southeast of Linhai County, where "the land is free of frost and snow, and the grass and trees do not die; on all sides are mountains, where many mountain barbarians live." Some scholars believe that Yizhou refers to Taiwan, but there is controversy.

Sui and Tang dynasties (suspected)

According to the Book of Sui, Liuqiu was located on a sea island, east of Jian'an County, and could be reached by boat in five days. There is also a record of Emperor Yang of Sui sending troops to attack Liuqiu, three times in total. The first time was in 607, but because of the language barrier, only one person was "swept away and returned". The following year, Zhu Kuan made a second attack, but they only "took his armor and returned". The third time was in 610, when Chen Rong and Zhang Zhenzhou led an army and captured thousands of men and women, and returned. Some scholars believe that the Riuqui Kingdom recorded in the Sui Shu is today's Taiwan, but others believe that the Riuqui Kingdom refers to the Ryukyu Islands.

Song and Yuan dynasties

In 1171, Wang Dayou was the governor of Quanzhou, an area under the jurisdiction of Emperor Xiaozong, who had an island called Penghu, where many Han Chinese lived. In order to prevent harassment, every year when the south wind rose, Wang Dayou sent troops to defend, costing the army money, but it was still too much to handle. So he built 200 houses and dispatched generals to reside in them. There are few records about the cross-strait trade during the Song and Yuan dynasties, but from the large number of ceramics excavated during the Song and Yuan dynasties, Penghu should have been an important stopover for the foreign trade of mainland China at that time. According to the records, during the Song and Yuan dynasties, iron was a high-priced commodity in Taiwan, and the aborigines in Taiwan often had to wait for merchant ships from mainland China to dock and exchange food for iron from the people on board. In his "Journal of the East of the Sea", Zhu Jingying of the Qing Dynasty said that he had received hundreds of Song money at the Chiayi port.

In 1225, the Book of Barbarian Nations anecdotally indicated that Penghu was attached to Jinjiang, Quanzhou Prefecture. A group of Quanzhou immigrants lived on Penghu.

In 1281, Kublai Khan sent an envoy to invade Japan, and most of his ships were sunk by a typhoon, and the remnants drifted to the west coast of Taiwan and Penghu. In 1292, Yuan Shizu sent an ambassador to appease Liuqiu, but after arriving, he could not speak the language with the locals and returned without success. In the third year of Temür Khan's reign (1297), Fujian Province's Pingshang Minister of State was pleased to send provincial governor Zhang Hao and Fuzhou's new army Zhang Jin to the Ryukyu Kingdom, capturing more than 130 people and returning. In the first month of the next year, the captured Ryukyu people were released and asked to submit to the Yuan Dynasty, but nothing happened after that. In 1330 and 1337, Wang Dayuan left from Quanzhou twice to trade with other countries. He recorded in the "Island Yi Zhi Lu" that Penghu belonged to Jinjiang County of Quanzhou, and Ryukyu was one of the overseas countries.

Modern times

Ming dynasty

In 1384, the Ming dynasty abolished the Penghu inspection division, and in 1563, the Penghu inspection division was reinstated to send troops to guard.

It is recorded in the "Dongfanji" (An Account of the Eastern Barbarians) by Chen Di that Zheng He visited Taiwan during his expedition in the early years of Yongle, when the Dongfangyi (aborigines of Taiwan) hid and did not want to obey the restrictions, so Zheng He gave each family a brass bell to tie around their necks. The bronze bell was treated as a treasure by them. During the Xuande period, Zheng He's fleet went to Taiwan to draw water at the head of Dajingfang, and he also threw medicine into the water to heal the sicknesses of the local indigenous people.

The territory of Taiwan is described in the "History of Ming Dynasty" by Zhang Tingyu of the Qing Dynasty as "its land, from the north to the highest peak in the south, can be more than 1,000 miles; in the east from Doroman, in the west to Wangcheng, can be more than 900 miles". It is worth noting that Jigong, together with Ryukyu, Luzon, and Brunei, was included in the chapter of "The Fourth of the Two Hundred and Eleven Foreign Countries", which was not included in the Ming Dynasty's territory.

Trade

By the early 16th century, increasing numbers of Chinese fishermen, traders and pirates were visiting the southwestern part of the island. Some merchants from Fujian were familiar enough with the indigenous peoples of Taiwan to speak Formosan languages. The people of Fujian sailed closer to Taiwan and the Ryukyus in the mid-16th century to trade with Japan while evading Ming authorities. Chinese who traded in Southeast Asia also began taking an East Sea Compass Course (dongyang zhenlu) that passed southwestern and southern Taiwan. Some of them traded with the Taiwanese aborigines. During this period, Taiwan was referred to as Xiaodong dao ("little eastern island") and Dahui guo ("the country of Dahui"), a corruption of Tayouan, a tribe that lived on an islet near modern Tainan from which the name "Taiwan" is derived. By the late 16th century, Chinese from Fujian were settling in southwestern Taiwan.

In 1593, Ming officials started issuing ten licenses each year for Chinese junks to trade in northern Taiwan. Chinese records show that after 1593, each year five licenses were granted for trade in Keelung and five licenses for Tamsui. However these licenses merely acknowledged already existing illegal trade at these locations.

Initially Chinese merchants arrived in northern Taiwan and sold iron and textiles to the aboriginal peoples in return for coal, sulfur, gold, and venison. Later the southwestern part of Taiwan surpassed northern Taiwan as the destination for Chinese traders. The southwest had mullet fish, which drew more than a hundred fishing junks from Fujian each year during winter. The fishing season lasted six to eight weeks. Some of them camped on Taiwan's shores and many began trading with the indigenous people for deer products. The southwestern Taiwanese trade was of minor importance until after 1567 when it was used as a way to circumvent the ban on Sino-Japanese trade. The Chinese bought deerskins from the aborigines and sold them to the Japanese for a large profit.

When a Portuguese ship sailed past southwestern Taiwan in 1596, several of its crew members who had been shipwrecked there in 1582 noticed that the land had become cultivated and now had people working it, presumably by settlers from Fujian. When the Dutch arrived in 1623, they found about 1,500 Chinese visitors and residents. Most of them were engaged in seasonal fishing, hunting, and trading. The population fluctuated throughout the year peaking during winter. A small minority brought Chinese plants with them and grew crops such as apples, oranges, bananas, watermelons. Some estimates of the Chinese population put it at 2,000. There were two Chinese villages. The larger one was located on an island that formed the Bay of Tayouan. It was inhabited year-round. The smaller village was located on the mainland and would eventually become the city of Tainan. In the early 17th century, a Chinese man described it as being inhabited by pirates and fishermen. One Dutch visitor noted that an aboriginal village near the Sino-Japanese trade center had a large number of Chinese and there was "scarcely a house in this village . . . that does not have one or two or three, or even five or six Chinese living there." The villagers' speech contained many Chinese words and sounded like "a mixed and broken language."

Piracy

In the 42nd year of Jiajing (1563), Lin Daoqian, a pirate of Quanzhou origin, gathered against the Ming Dynasty and was pursued by Yu Dayou, the Ming Governor, and fled to Taiwan to settle in Jigong via Penghu. He led hundreds of followers and enslaved the aborigines in Taiwan. The Aborigines were so angry that they agreed to kill Lin Daoqian, but the news leaked out and they were killed by Lin Daoqian in a night attack. After Lin Daoqian, Lin Feng, the leader of the Chaozhou pirates, was chased by Hu Shouren, the Ming Dynasty's chief soldier, in 1574 and fled to Penghu, and then to Taiwan's Sprite Harbor (Bajang Xi Kou) as his base. When Hu Shouren sent an order to the pirates to attack, Lin Feng and the others fled. He later returned to Wankan on 27 December 1575 but left for Southeast Asia after losing a naval encounter with Ming forces on 15 January 1576.

According to legend, in 1621, Pedro Yan Shiqi, a Zhangzhou citizen, came to Taiwan from Nagasaki, Japan, and set up a fortress in the area of Zhu Luo Mountain, engaging in farming, hunting, and trading activities. When the news spread back to the mainland, it attracted a large number of poor people from Zhangzhou and Quanzhou to come across the sea and join them, numbering as many as 3,000 people. In 1625 Yan Shiqi died of illness, and Zheng Zhilong (Koxinga's father) succeeded him. In 1628 (the first year of Chongzhen) in September, Zheng Zhilong was recruited by the Ming court and returned to the mainland with more than 30,000 men and more than 1,000 ships as the "Five Tiger Guerrilla General" and was stationed in Anhai. During the Fujian disaster, Zheng Zhilong sent tens of thousands of starving people to Taiwan to earn a living, and the related expenses were then returned to Zheng Zhilong in the form of rent and taxes. In addition, Zheng Zhilong broke the Haijin and almost monopolized the trade between the coast of mainland China and Taiwan, Macau, Japan, and the Philippines.

Wokou

The monument to the landing of Yan Siqi in Beigang

According to Shen Yourong of Wuyu, a Ming coast guard general, who wrote in the "Minhai Gift", he had "entered Dongfan three times to destroy the Japanese and drive away the Dutch". In July 1602, the Wokou plundered the coastal areas of Guangdong, Fujian, and Zhejiang, and then fled to Dongfan as their lair. On the one hand, Fujian Quanzhou defender Shen Youyong Duji sent people to scout the enemy, understand the climate, wind direction and sea current, build ships, train troops and store food. In the winter of the same year, Zhu Yunchang, the governor of Fujian, issued a secret order to "fight against the Japanese in the East" and Shen Youyong led 24 ships across the sea to Taiwan and defeated the Japanese. He burned and sank 6 Japanese ships, beheaded 15 heads and took back more than 370 captives. Shen Youyong was stationed in Da Ren for more than 20 days. After Shen defeated the wokou, he met with the chieftain Damila, who presented gifts of deer and liquor as thanks for getting rid of the pirates. Chen Di, who was accompanying him, witnessed these events and wrote an account of Taiwan known as Dongfanji (An Account of the Eastern Barbarians).

Europeans

Main article: Dutch Formosa

In 1604, when the Dutchman Wei Malang occupied Penghu, Shen Youyong, the Ming Dynasty's chief minister of Wuzhou, led 50 ships (about 2,000 men) to Penghu and asked Wei Malang to leave. Due to the disparity in strength between the two sides, Wei Malang left Penghu on December 15 and went to Taiwan to find a stronghold. This incident is recorded on the monument of Shen Youyong's advice to the retreat of the Red Maoists in the Penghu Tianhou Temple.

In 1622, Jan Pieterszoon Coen, the governor of the Dutch East India Company in Indonesia, sent Lei Yosheng to Penghu and established Fengguiwei Fort as a trading base.

In 1624, Ming General Yu Dayou led an army to surround the Dutch and after eight months of fierce battle, the Dutch evacuated Penghu and moved to Taiwan to set up Fort Zeelandia as a base. The Dutch East India Company recruited Han Chinese from the coast of Fujian Province of China and Penghu to cultivate in Taiwan, and many of them later settled in Taiwan. The genealogy of the Yan clan in Anhai and the genealogy of the Guo clan in Fenyang, and Dongshi both contain records of the migration of families into Taiwan.

In 1626, the Spaniard Vardes led a fleet of ships from Manila, Philippines, along the east coast of Taiwan to Keelung Island in Keelung City to establish the city of San Salvador as the center of rule. Although the Spaniards were not allowed to start official trade with the Ming Dynasty, they attracted smugglers to do business in Jilong by exempting them from customs duties, tariff, and even entry inspection.

In 1633 (the sixth year of Chongzhen), the Dutch East India Company used Taiwan as a base to blockade and plunder the coast of Fujian on the mainland. The Ming navy under the leadership of Zheng Zhilong defeated the Dutch East India Company and the pirate alliance, which is known as the Battle of Liaoluo Bay. The Han Chinese in Taiwan also rebelled against Dutch rule, the better known being the Guo Huaiyi rebellion in 1652. At that time, 4,000 to 5,000 Han Chinese participated, about a quarter of the total number of Han Chinese in Taiwan, and were suppressed after 12 days, with 3,000 to 4,000 Han Chinese dead.

Zheng Chenggong fights back against the Dutch

See also: Southern Ming and Kingdom of Tungning

In 1644, the Ming Dynasty fell, and the Ming clans of Zhu Yousong, Zhu Yihai, and Zhu Yujian established the Southern Ming regime. Among them, Zhu Yujian of Tang was crowned emperor by the brothers Zheng Zhilong and Zheng Hongkui in 1645 in Fuzhou. In 1646, the Qing army entered Fujian, Zheng Zhilong surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, and Zheng Chenggong left for Kinmen. In 1647, Zheng Chenggong formally swore to rebel against the Qing Dynasty under the name of House of Zhu and recruited and claimed the surname of the sinful subjects of the great general, and fought for more than ten years in the southeast coast of the mainland, and helped the Ming clan and the people to cross the sea and settle in Taiwan. Since the Dutch often robbed Chinese merchant ships, Zheng Chenggong warned the Dutch twice between the tenth (1656) and fourteenth (1660) years of the Yongli era to stop robbing merchant ships or they would not trade with them. In April 1661, Zheng Chenggong led 25,000 soldiers and hundreds of warships into Taiwan under the name of "Great General of the Ming Recruiting Army" and forced the Dutch East India Company to sign a contract of surrender on February 1, 1662, after the Battle of Jelanzai. Zheng Chenggong set up Chengtianfu in Taiwan and tried to rebel against the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty, but he died soon afterward. After Cheng Cheng succeeded to the throne, due to the fear of insufficient legitimacy of his rule, he welcomed the Great Ming King of Ningjing, Zheng Jing, from Kinmen to Taiwan in 1663 and renamed Taiwan as Dongning, still serving the Ming dynasty in name and setting up the Tainan Confucian Temple in 1665.

On April 21, 1674, Geng Jingzhong, the King of Jingnan of the Qing Dynasty, rose against the Qing Dynasty and invited Zheng Jing across the sea for a western expedition. After Zheng Jing crossed the sea, he asked Geng Jingzhong to claim Zhangzhou and Quanzhou, but after being refused, he sent troops to occupy Haicheng and Tong'an District, and the two sides began to fight. In 1675, Geng Jingzhong negotiated with Zheng Jing to settle the war with Fengting as the boundary, the north belonged to Geng and the south to Zheng. In 1676, Zheng Jing defeated the Pingnan King Shang Zhixin and occupied Huizhou. After Zheng Jing had the four state capitals of Zhang, Quan, Chaozhou, and Huizhou, he captured Tingzhou, and Geng Jingzhong had to surrender to the Qing Dynasty. After Geng Jingzhong surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, Zheng Jing, who faced the Qing army alone, was defeated and finally retreated to Xiamen.

In 1677, the Qing Dynasty started peace talks with Zheng Jing again, and Prince Kang of the Qing Dynasty promised in a letter that if Zheng Jing retreated from the islands off the coast of China, he would promise to make Dongning a vassal of the Qing Dynasty in the same way as Korea, and to trade with Dongning without suspicion forever. In 1678, a letter from the Qing general Lai Ta to Zheng Jing claimed that if Zheng's army was willing to retreat to Taiwan, then Zheng could stay in Taiwan forever, with the same status as Joseon and Japan, without having to shave his hair and change his clothes, and pay tribute to his subjects all by his own will. In 1680, Zheng Jing was defeated and retreated from Xiamen to Taiwan. On March 17, 1681, when Zheng Jing died, the important officer Feng Xifan killed Zheng Kezang and established his brother Zheng Keshuang, which led to the deterioration of the state and the disintegration of the people.

Qing Dynasty included Taiwan in its map

Main article: Taiwan under Qing rule

On July 10, 1683 (the 22nd year of Kangxi), the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty sent Shi Lang to attack Taiwan with more than 20,000 troops and 200 ships on land and water. After seven days of fierce fighting, the elite of Zheng Keshuang's army was completely wiped out. On July 20, the King of Ningjing, Zhu Jungui, committed suicide and martyred himself, while Zheng Ke-chiao formally submitted his surrender on September 17, and on October 3, Qing troops entered Taiwan to accept the surrender. In the following year, Taiwan was established as Taiwan Prefecture, which was under the jurisdiction of Taiwan, Fengshan and Zhu Luo counties, and was subordinate to Taixia Province of Fujian Province, and promulgated the "Rules of Taiwan for the Investigation of Exile" to strictly control the number of mainland Han Chinese crossing into Taiwan. At the early stage of the establishment of Taiwan, the Qing court authorized the Fujian governor to transfer officials from the mainland of Fujian Province to Taiwan from each other. Therefore, most of the officials in Taiwan during the Qing Dynasty were from Fuzhou.

In 1721, Zhu Yigui made himself king of Taiwan and named his country "Da Ming", but he was soon destroyed by the Qing army, and in late 1731 (the ninth year of the Yongzheng era of the Qing Dynasty), the Taokas people, the aborigines of Taiwan, launched an armed resistance against the government. Hao Yulin, the acting governor of Fujian at that time, sent Wang County, the chief soldier of Taiwan, to supervise the conquest, and more than 6,000 soldiers were recruited from mainland China to conquer Taiwan. The incident lasted for seven months, and finally, the chiefs of Taiwan surrendered at the head of the army. Thirteen chiefs, including Lin Li, were executed in accordance with the Qing law, and the Shalong chief was found guilty of abetting the conspiracy and was sentenced to death.

After the Qing court ruled Taiwan, trade between Taiwan and the mainland became more prosperous. At that time, Taiwan's main exports were rice, deer skins, and sugar, and imports were textiles, herbs, and other daily necessities, and the three main trading ports were Fucheng (now Tainan Anping), Lugang (now Changhua Lugang), and Monga (now Taipei Wanhua). The common name "One Fu, Two Lu and Three Monga" describes the most prosperous trading ports during this period. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, a large number of immigrants came to Taiwan, and there were many conflicts of interest between the first and second arriving groups. For example, there were Min-Yue armed battles between the He-lo people of Fujian and the Hakka and Chaozhou people of Guangdong; Quan-Zhang armed battles between the Quanzhou and Zhangzhou people of Fujian; and Xipi-Fulu armed battles between the Xiqu schools. However, there were also collaborations among the various ethnic groups in Taiwan during this period. For example, in 1796, when Wu Sha was reclaiming Clam Chai, there were Zhang, Quan and Hakka people who joined the reclamation.

Governance of Taiwan in the late Qing Dynasty

After the Second Opium War in 1860, the Qing government agreed to open Taiwan to trade in Anping and Danshui, and soon opened the two ports of Dog and Jidong. 1874, Japan sent troops to Taiwan to create the Mudangsha Incident. 1875, the Qing government sent Shen Baozhen as the Minister of the Imperial Household to Taiwan for inspection, and transferred 6,500 men from Tang Dingkui's army stationed in Xuzhou to Taiwan for garrisoning. In the end, it was settled by the signing of the Beijing Treaty between China and Japan. This diplomatic incident prompted the Qing court to lift the ban on mainland Chinese people crossing to Taiwan for cultivation, and Taiwan was fully opened up.

During the Sino-French War in 1884, French Admiral Lupo occupied Keelung, attacked Danshui, blocked the Taiwan Strait, and harassed the Chinese coastal provinces. On July 29, 1885, Zuo Zongtang explained the reasons for the rapid transformation of Taiwan into a province in his "Request for the transfer of the governor of Fujian to Taiwan to take charge of Taiwan's defense". In October of the same year, the Qing court established the Fujian Province of Taiwan to control the former Fujian Province of Taiwan and Taipei Province. During his tenure as governor of Taiwan, Liu Ming Chuan expanded the number of provinces, created new counties, and promoted a series of foreign affairs reforms, making Taiwan the most modernized province in the Qing Empire at that time.

Japanese drawing of the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki

Qing Dynasty ceded Taiwan to Japan

The Republic of China takes over Taiwan

The present age

Main article: Cross-Strait relations

Military confrontation

Top leaders of both sides of the Nationalist and Communist civil wars

President of Kuomintang, China Chiang Kai-shek

From 1928 to 1942, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) maintained that Taiwan was a separate nation. In a 1937 interview with Edgar Snow, Mao Zedong stated "we will extend them (the Koreans) our enthusiastic help in their struggle for independence. The same thing applies for Taiwan."

On March 15, 1949, the Xinhua News Agency published an editorial titled "The Chinese People Must Liberate Taiwan", raising the slogan of "Chinese unification" for the first time. After the government of the Republic of China moved to Taipei following the defeat of the Chinese Communist Revolution, it put forward slogans such as "counter-attacking the mainland", "eliminating communist bandits", and "rescuing compatriots", and promulgated the "Ordinance on the Suppression of Bandits and Spies during the Counterinsurgency Period", which strictly restricted the interaction between Taiwanese and mainlanders. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the two sides of the Taiwan Strait went through the Battle of Gulingtou in 1949, the Battle of Dongshan Island in 1953, the First Taiwan Strait Crisis in 1954, the Battle of Yijiangshan Islands in January 1955, the Battle of Dachen Archipelago in February 1955, and the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis in 1958, with both sides winning and losing.

During that time, the Korean War broke out and U.S. troops moved into Taiwan, while noting that Taiwan's status was undetermined. As a result, the People's Republic of China complained to the United Nations Security Council Resolution 87 about the armed aggression against Taiwan, while protesting the exclusion of the People's Republic of China from the United Nations, but the case was eventually rejected. In the Treaty of San Francisco, Japan renounced all rights, rights names and claims to Taiwan and the Penghu Islands, but neither the ROC nor the People's Republic of China participated in the signing of the peace treaty. The ROC and Japan then signed the Treaty of Taipei in 1952, and the signing of the Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty also made the PLA wary. in April 1955, Zhou Enlai, Premier of the State Council and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China, went to Indonesia to attend the Bandung Conference and issued a statement that "the Chinese government is willing to negotiate with the U.S. government to strive for the liberation of Taiwan by peaceful means". After learning of this in the U.S., Li Zongren responded by publishing "Proposals on the Taiwan Question" in August of the same year, while the ROC government blocked the news of the publication of this article.

In early October 1958, the PLA announced that it would give up its blockade of Kinmen, and later changed to a "single strike and no strike" to gradually reduce its offensive, and the cross-strait wrestling turned to a legal-unification dispute over Greater China's representation in the international community. In 1972 Nixon visited China and signed the Three Communiqués, and in September of the same year China and Japan established diplomatic relations; on January 1, 1979, the U.S. established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, while breaking diplomatic relations with the ROC, replacing the U.S.-China Mutual Defense Treaty with the Taiwan Relations Act, and withdrawing troops from Taiwan. On January 1, 1979, Xu Xiangqian, Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China, issued the "Statement of the Ministry of National Defense on the Cessation of Artillery Fire on the Greater Kinmen Islands", which officially put an end to the 21-year Kinmen artillery war.

De-escalating communication

On January 1, 1979, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress issued the "Letter to Taiwan Compatriots", replacing the original "liberation of Taiwan" with "peaceful reunification and "one country, two systems", and moving from a hard-line to a more moderate attitude toward Taiwan. In response, Chiang Ching-kuo proposed the Three Noes "no contact, no negotiation, no compromise" policy on April 4, and on May 29, the Taiwan Strait resumed navigation. On October 1, 1981, Ye Jianying, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China, proposed nine policies for the peaceful reunification of Taiwan, stating that "after the country is reunified, Taiwan can be a special administrative region with a high degree of autonomy and can retain its military forces. The central government (meaning Beijing) will not interfere in Taiwan's local affairs." On July 24, 1982, Liao Chengzhi, Minister of the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, sent a letter to President Chiang Ching-kuo, calling for peace talks between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait to "put away grudges when they meet"; the ROC government did not respond, and in 1984, the mainland refrained from returning fire when it shelled Jiao-Yu Island, which was under PLA control.

On November 2 of the same year, Taiwan opened up for people to visit their relatives on the mainland, and cross-strait private economic and trade activities heated up rapidly. in August 1988, the Mainland Working Committee of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China was established to coordinate cross-strait economic and trade exchanges. in June 1989, the Taiwan region officially opened up for indirect imports of goods from the mainland. On October 7, 1990, the then President of the Republic of China, Lee Teng-hui, announced the establishment of the National Unification Council, and on February 23, 1991, the Guidelines for National Unification were adopted, advocating the unification of China based on the principles of "democracy, freedom, and equal wealth". An amendment to the Constitution divided the Republic of China into a "mainland area" and a "free area". The "Mainland Region" is defined in the Cross-Strait Act as "the territory of the Republic of China outside of Taiwan".

In 1991, the Taiwan Straits Exchange Foundation and the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits became operational one after another, and talks were held in Hong Kong in 1992, but to no avail. In April 1993, the cross-strait Wang–Koo summit was held on the basis of the 1992 Consensus. In January 1995, Jiang Zemin, then the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, put forward eight propositions for developing cross-strait relations and advancing China's peaceful reunification process. In response, President Lee Teng-hui put forward six proposals on April 8, known as Lee's six articles.

Conscious opposition

National Communist Party breaks ice to exchange top leaders from both sides

Chairman of the Kuomintang of China Lien Chan

General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Hu Jintao

The Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident in 1990 and the Qiandao Lake incident and the Xiaojinmen anti-aircraft artillery misfire on Xiamen in 1994 triggered discontent among people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. in June 1995, then ROC President Lee Teng-hui visited Cornell University in his private capacity and proposed the national positioning of the Republic of China on Taiwan, triggering the Third Taiwan Strait Crisis. In August 1996, the Chinese mainland opened the Fuzhou and Xiamen On September 14, 1996, President Lee Teng-hui of the Republic of China (R.O.C.) proposed the idea of "using patience and urgency" at the Taiwan Businessmen's Conference, restricting the Taiwanese business community's investment in mainland China. In 1997, Fujian established the "Cross-Strait (Fuzhou) Agricultural Cooperation Pilot Zone" and the "Cross-Strait (Zhangzhou) Agricultural Cooperation Pilot Zone", and in May 1999, the Democratic Progressive Party Plenum passed the "Resolution on Taiwan's Future". In July of the same year, President Lee Teng-hui put forward the two-state theory, advocating that the relationship between Taiwan and mainland China was "state-to-state" or "at least a special state-to-state relationship".

In 2000, when the Democratic Progressive Party became the ruling party of the Republic of China (ROC) for the first time, Chen Shui-bian proposed Four Noes and One Without at his inauguration ceremony, namely, "As long as the Chinese Communist Party has no intention to use force against Taiwan, I promise that during my term of office, I will not declare independence, I will not change the national symbol, I will not promote the constitutionalization of the two-state theory, I will not promote a referendum on unification and independence that would change the status quo, and there is no question of abolishing the national platform and the National Unification Council. In 2001, Matsu Islands, Kinmen, Mawei District, and Xiamen were connected to each other by trade, air, and mail. On August 2, 2002, Chen proposed "One

Former President of the Republic of China Chen Shui-bian holds the banner of "Taiwan, China, One Country" in a rally on Oct. 25, 2008.

Country on Each Side" through a video conference at the World Taiwan Clansmen's Association, saying that Taiwan and China are not the same countries. On February 22, 2004, Chen said that

the mainland was aiming 496 missiles at Taiwan, with an additional one every six days. As a result, Taiwan held the 228 Million Hands for Taiwan campaign to oppose the deployment of China's missile facilities against Taiwan.

In March 2005, President Chen Shui-bian told members of the European Parliament and the news media that he could not change the ROC's national name to the Republic of Taiwan. On March 26, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and the Taiwan Federation of Trade Unions (TUF) organized a march in protest. On August 2, 2005, Chen proposed a four-stage theory, namely "the ROC is on the mainland, the ROC is in Taiwan." Four days later, Chen proposed one principle, three insistencies and five objections as the guidelines for handling cross-strait affairs, and in 2006 Chen announced that the "National Unification Plan" would "cease to apply". There is no left-right route in Taiwan, only the issue of unification and independence. However, this did not cause a strong reaction from China and the U.S., and cross-strait economic and trade exchanges continued to develop. 974,000 passengers were carried on the "Little Three Links" in 2008.

Reciprocal consultation

On March 22, 2008, Ma Ying-jeou won the 2008 Taiwanese presidential election, and on May 20, the Chinese Kuomintang returned to power, advocating no unification, no independence, and no military force, that is, "during Ma's term of office, he pledged not to promote cross-strait unification, nor to declare Taiwan's independence, and no military war between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait. In October and November of the same year, Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits (ARATS) Vice President Zhang Mingqing and President Chen Yunlin, who had served as Director and Assistant Director of the Taiwan Affairs Office, visited Taiwan and were attacked and besieged by protesting people in Taiwan. On December 31 of the same year, Hu Jintao, General Secretary of the CCP, put forward the "Hu Six Points" at the 30th anniversary of the publication of the "Letter to Taiwan Compatriots". Cross-strait relations have continued to develop on the basis of the "1992 Consensus", and the SEF and the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait (ARATS) have held eleven "leaders' meetings" and signed twenty-three agreements and two joint statements, including the Cross-Straits Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA), the launch of regular cross-strait direct flights, and cross-strait cooperation in combating crime. In 2013, the first time the Mainland Affairs Council was allowed to participate in APEC Indonesia 2013 meetings was considered a major breakthrough in the progress of cross-strait relations.

The Sunflower school movement in Taiwan in 2014 curbed the momentum of cross-strait economic integration. In June of the same year, DPP's Tainan Mayor Lai Ching-teh said during a visit to mainland China that "the future of Taiwan is to be decided by the 23 million people together". The Taiwan Affairs Office responded that "any issue involving China's sovereignty and territorial integrity must be decided by the entire Chinese people, including Taiwan compatriots," and stressed that its stance against Taiwan's independence would remain unchanged. In September, the Taiwan Affairs Office of the Central Committee of the CCP invited more than 20 Taiwan unificationist groups to visit Beijing, and the General Secretary of the CCP Central Committee, Xi Jinping, reiterated that "peaceful unification and one country, two systems" is the basic policy of the mainland in resolving the Taiwan issue. In response, Executive Yuan President Jiang Yi-huah said, "The Republic of China has never accepted the policy of one country, two systems, and our proposition is to maintain the status quo under the constitutional framework of the Republic of China. For its part, mainland China continues to roll out new unification strategies. On November 7, 2015, top cross-strait leaders Xi Jinping and Ma Ying-jeou met in Singapore, the first meeting of top leaders from both sides of the Taiwan Strait in the 66 years since the political separation in 1949, and the two sides exchanged views on advancing the peaceful development of cross-strait relations. DPP Chairman and presidential candidate Tsai Ing-wen criticized the meeting as "an attempt to use a political framework to limit the future choices of the people in cross-strait relations".

Current status of the Taiwan Strait

Main article: Political status of Taiwan

Since her inauguration as president of the Republic of China on May 20, 2016, Tsai Ing-wen, a member of the Democratic Progressive Party, has advocated maintaining the status quo and not recognizing the 1992 Consensus, and successfully made a phone call with U.S. President-elect Donald Trump in late 2016. The Xi Jinping–Li Keqiang Administration has continuously pressured the Presidency of Tsai Ing-wen in the hope that Tsai would return to the 1992 Consensus. For her part, in an open letter to members of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) as party chairman on the occasion of the party's 30th anniversary, Tsai said she would resist pressure from mainland China, develop relations with other countries, and get rid of her overdependence on China. Most Taiwanese people are dissatisfied with the suppression of mainland China in the international community, while on the other hand half of the public is dissatisfied with Tsai's performance in handling cross-strait relations.

Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, delivered the "Xi Five Articles" at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing during the "40th Anniversary Commemorative Meeting of the Letter to Taiwan Compatriots" on Jan. 2, 2019. Focusing on the Political status of Taiwan, Xi reiterated "the 1992 Consensus that both sides of the Strait belong to the same China and work together for national reunification". In the afternoon of the same day, Tsai Ing-wen, President of the Republic of China held an impromptu press conference, saying that she "rejects the 1992 Consensus" and "resolutely opposes one country, two systems". Since March 2019, the People's Liberation Army has continuously conducted drills in the Taiwan Strait. On April 30, 2021, R.O.C. Foreign Ministry spokesman Ou Jiang'an said that China's actions had jeopardized the security and status quo in the Taiwan Strait, and on May 12, 2021, Taiwan Affairs Office spokesman Zhu Fenglian said that "Taiwan independence" stubborn elements who malign the mainland and incite cross-strait confrontation will be severely punished and held accountable for life under the law. .... On November 5 of the same year, the Taiwan Affairs Office named Taiwan's Foreign Minister Joseph Wu, Legislative President You You Si-kun and Executive President Su Tseng-chang as "Taiwan independence stubborn elements. In response, Wu said it was an honor, while Yau felt honored and thanked him, and Su said he was not intimidated.

On August 2, 2022, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi visited Taiwan and the PLA immediately conducted a series of military exercises around Taiwan, firing several ballistic missiles. On August 10, 2022, the Taiwan Affairs Office and the State Council Information Office jointly released the third White Paper on Taiwan, "The Taiwan Question and China's Reunification in the New Era" referring to the "One Country, Two Systems Taiwan Program" and the "Taiwan Special Administrative Region. On August 16, 2022, the Taiwan Affairs Office added Hsiao Bi-khimn, Gu Li-hsiung, Tsai Chi-chang, Ko Chien-ming, Lin Fei-fan, Chen Chiu-hwa, and Wang Dingyu to the list of recalcitrant Taiwan independence activists for sanctions.

On April 7, 2023, Zhu Fenglian, spokesperson for the Taiwan Affairs Office, said that the Vision Foundation and the Asian League for Freedom and Democracy have been peddling Taiwan independence ideas internationally and creating incidents that violate the One China principle, such as "one China, one Taiwan" and "two Chinas". The mainland side decided to ban the heads of the Vision Foundation and the Asian League for Freedom and Democracy from entering the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions, and to ban relevant mainland organizations and individuals from cooperating with them.

Notes

Whether the original text is "Yizhou" or "Yi Zhou" is uncertain.
Jian'an County is located in present-day Fujian Province, and has four counties under its jurisdiction: Min (present-day Fuzhou City, Fujian Province), Jian'an, Nan'an, and Longxi. <ref>"vol. 31" . Sui Shu . Zhi XXVI – via Wikisource.</ref
In the 13th year of Chongzhen (1640), the Ming court promoted Zheng Zhilong to be the chief military officer of Fujian, and he was appointed as the Dudou Tongji (from the first rank).
After Zheng Chenggong came to Taiwan, he received King Lu's son Zhu Honghuan, King Luxi Zhu Ci Kuang, King Badong Zhu Jiang, King Le'an Zhu Jun, King Shucheng Zhu Zhi, King Fengnan Zhu, King Yi Zhu Zirconium, and other Ming clansmen to Taiwan.
The 1944 census conducted by the Taiwan Governor's Office showed that the population of Taiwan and Penghu was only 6.27 million.
徐京利 (2013-04-11). "暗杀周恩来："克什米尔公主号"事件始末". 观察者. 解密中国外交档案. Archived from the original on 2019-03-05. Retrieved 2017-07-12.
In 1949, the acting president of the Republic of China, Li Zongren, was not evacuated to Taiwan, but went to the United States via Hong Kong. he was impeached in 1954.
The People's Republic of China is under one-party rule by the Chinese Communist Party, with the CCP General Secretary and Chairman of the Central Military Commission as the paramount leader. The Republic of China currently has a semi-presidential system with direct election, and the President of the Republic of China is the head of state and the commander-in-chief of the three armies, and is the supreme leader.

References

Citation

林滿紅 1994, 臺北
^ 汪大淵. 島夷志略 – via Wikisource. Penghu, the land belongs to Quanzhou Jinjiang County. To the Yuan period to establish the inspection division. Ryukyu, its standoff mountain is very high, from the Peng Lake look very close. Overseas countries from the beginning.
^ 周婉窈. "陳第〈東番記〉—十七世紀初臺灣西南地區的實地調查報告". 故宮文物月刊. 241: 22–45.
"台湾与中国大陆：两岸关系的跌宕历史". BBC. 2021-04-16. Retrieved 2023-02-23.
徐向前 (2006-02-28). "国防部关于停止对大金门等岛屿炮击的声明（1979年1月）". 中国政府网. 中国台湾网. Archived from the original on 2017-08-18. Retrieved 2017-05-31.
"夏立言与台商座谈说明习马会是两岸史上最大突破". 印度尼西亞商報 Shangbao Indonesia. 2015-12-29. Archived from the original on 2016-02-16. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
Report of the 277th Meeting of the Mainland Affairs Council of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan.2016-10-31
"《海峡两岸关系史》具有标志性意义的著作". 人民网. 2005-06-09. Archived from the original on 2018-09-22. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
邵宗海. "從兩岸關係的變遷探討兩岸關係的定位(上)" (PDF). 遠景基金會季刊. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-14. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
^ "兩岸關係史" (PDF). 新文京開發出版股份有限公司. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-09-22. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
"东吴的海外拓展和卫温、诸葛直从章安出使台湾考略". 中国古代史: 23. 1982.
陳壽. "卷47" . 三國志 . 吳書孫權傳 – via Wikisource. 遣將軍衛溫、諸葛直將甲士萬人浮海求夷洲及亶洲。亶洲所在絕遠，卒不可得至，但得夷洲數千人還。
台灣文化誌. 伊能嘉矩. 1985. pp. 25–26.
台灣史事概說. 1954.
台灣地方史 (in Chinese). 北京: 中國社會科學出版社. 1982.
馮鉞 (2013-08-08). "夷洲問題再辨析" (PDF). 参阅文稿. 41. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-28.
[台灣人四百年史. 史明. 2014-07-01. ISBN 9789574316441.
魏徵等 (2010). 《隋书|隋書》 (2010 Reprinted ed.). Taipei City: 臺灣商務印書館. ISBN 9789570524994.
"卷81" . 隋書 . 流求國 – via Wikisource.
《中國人史綱》. 同心出版. 2005. ISBN 7-80716-121-3. Retrieved 2011-06-06.
"卷上" . 諸蕃志 . 毗舍耶. 1225 – via Wikisource. 泉有海島曰彭湖，隸晉江縣。
"台湾历史". 中华人民共和国驻哥德堡总领事馆. Archived from the original on 2017-06-05. Retrieved 2017-06-08.
"卷400" . 宋史 . 汪大猷 – via Wikisource. 起知泉州。毗舍邪嚐掠海濱居民，歲遣戍防之，勞費不貲。大猷作屋二百區，遣將留屯。
"台湾的汪姓". 福建省情资料库. 2015-10-24. Archived from the original on 2017-08-11. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
林滿紅 1994, 摘要
"四、漢人到來". 台灣歷史圖說. Archived from the original on 2018-08-21. Retrieved 2017-06-08.
福建古代经济史. 福建教育出版社. 1995. p. 335. Song and Yuan dynasties, Taiwan's indigenous due to lack of iron and expensive iron, mainland ships to that will compete for food for easy nail iron.
"歷史沿革". Penghu County Government. 13 July 2017. Archived from the original on 2021-03-01. Retrieved 2021-01-24.
Thompson 1964, p. 164.
^ "卷1" . 臺灣通史 . 開闢紀. 1918 – via Wikisource.{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
重修台灣省通志. 臺北: 台灣省文獻委員會. 1994.
^ "卷210" . 元史 . 琉求 – via Wikisource. 彭湖诸岛与琉求相对。
屠薇君 2004, 第二章中國歷代王朝對台灣的開發
東番記. The beginning of Yongle, Zheng Neiwu sailing advice to the barbarians, the East alone, do not listen to the agreement, so the family of a brass bell, so that the neck, cover the dog. To this day, it is still passed down as a treasure.
"卷一沿革". 台湾府志. 大井。明宣德间太监王三保到此，曾在此井取水，即今西定坊大井也。
Thompson 1964, pp. 176–177.
"郑和下西洋与台湾". 东方收藏: 2011012. Archived from the original on 2020-03-13. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
"卷323" . 明史 (in Chinese). 列傳第二百一十一外國四 – via Wikisource.
海洋與殖民地臺灣論集. 聯經出版事業公司. 2012-03-23. pp. 151–152. ISBN 978-9570839555.
^ Andrade 2008, ch. 6.
^ Hsu 1980, pp. 9–10.
^ Hang 2015, pp. 33–34.
Andrade 2008, ch. 4.
^ Andrade 2008, ch. 1.
Hsu 1980, p. 10.
Andrade 2008, p. 116.
"海盜林道乾遭明都督俞大猷追擊，逃來臺灣，匿跡打鼓山。". 台湾文学知识平台. 國立台灣文學館. Archived from the original on 2019-03-05. Retrieved 2017-05-31.
台灣史小事典. 遠流出版. 2000. p. 13. ISBN 9573241617.
"台湾——明代中国的海防要地". 中国新闻网. 2000-09-15. Archived from the original on 2019-08-12. Retrieved 2017-06-06.
屠薇君 2004, Chapter 3: 明朝前期海峽兩岸關係的曲折發展
"明万历年间大将沈有容：被遗忘的收复台湾第一人". 凤凰网. 2010-04-27. Archived from the original on 2019-08-12. Retrieved 2017-06-06.
"历史上的收复台湾:1602年沈有容挥师入台灭倭寇". 新浪网. 中国台湾网. 2005-10-24. Archived from the original on 2019-03-05. Retrieved 2017-06-05.
Thompson 1964, p. 178.
Thompson 1964, pp. 170–171.
"全台第一碑沈有容諭退紅毛番韋麻郎等". 澎湖资讯网. 澎湖時報. 2006-07-19. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
^ Wills, John E. Jr. (2006). "The Seventeenth-century Transformation: Taiwan under the Dutch and the Cheng Regime". In Rubinstein, Murray A. (ed.). Taiwan: A New History. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 84–106. ISBN 978-0-7656-1495-7.
周婉窈. "〈明清文獻中「臺灣非明版圖」例證〉" (PDF). 《鄭欽仁教授榮退紀念論文集》. 臺北市: 稻鄉出版: 267–293. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-17. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
"彭文宇：历史上闽台家庭与家族交往". 华夏经纬. Archived from the original on 2019-08-18. Retrieved 2016-10-20.
西班牙人在臺灣（1626-1642）. 南投市: 國史館台灣文獻館. 2006. p. 36. ISBN 986007769X. Archived from the original on 2019-03-05. Retrieved 2017-05-31.
福爾摩沙如何變成臺灣府?. 遠流. 2007-03-07. p. 172. ISBN 9789573259404.
Translated by Cheng Shaogang, The Dutch in Formosa, UNBEC, 2000
馬德茂, 鄭保國 & 張鵬程 2004, p. 139
黃昭堂 An Exploration of Taiwanese Consciousness before the Second World War," Essays on the Fall of Taiwan, Taipei: Modern Academic Research Foundation, p. 82
Johannes Huber, translated by Lin Weisheng, "Chinese Immigrants Against the East India Company: The Guo Huaiyi Incident of 1652", Taiwan Literature, vol. 53, no. 3, p. 119
臺灣史. 台湾: 五南圖書出版股份有限公司. 2002. p. 52. ISBN 9571127388.
陳錦昌，2004，《鄭成功的台灣時代》，p.053-073。台北：向日葵文化。
^ 馬德茂, 鄭保國 & 張鵬程 2004, 第四章鄭成功收復台灣與清朝的統一
《先王實錄》：「承天府安平鎮，本藩暫建都於此，文武各官及總鎮大小將領家眷暫住於此。」
"末代王孙朱術桂". 穿梭府城今昔. 台南市政府. 2009. p. 64. ISBN 9789868531635. Archived from the original on 2021-05-13. Retrieved 2022-07-16.
"明郑王朝". 讲历史. Archived from the original on 2017-06-29. Retrieved 2017-07-12.
林珮瑩. "臺南孔廟的研究". 國立成功大學中國文學系碩博士班碩士論文. 臺南市: 國立成功大學.
^ "卷2" . 臺灣通史 . 建國紀. 1918 – via Wikisource.{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
"鄭氏王朝及其對台灣的統治". 國立中山大學中山學術研究所碩士論文. 高雄市: 國立中山大學. 2008.
"1683年康熙帝和平统一海峡两岸". 新浪网. 中国台湾网. 2005-10-24. Archived from the original on 2019-03-05. Retrieved 2017-06-05.
王泰升; 薛化元; 黃世杰 (2015-07-17). 追尋臺灣法律的足跡: 事件百選與法律史研究. 台灣五南圖書出版股份有限公司. ISBN 9789571178615. Archived from the original on 2017-03-05. Retrieved 2017-06-04.
^ 闽台缘与闽南凤: 闽台关系, 闽台社会与闽南文化研究. 福建教育出版社. 2006. ISBN 9787533445089. Archived from the original on 2016-10-12. Retrieved 2016-10-11.
周璽《彰化縣志》卷六·田賦志·番丁
國立故宮博物院《宮中檔雍正朝奏摺》二十輯
"從漁獵到現代化". Archived from the original on 2016-11-30. Retrieved 2016-10-13.
"西皮福祿之爭". Archived from the original on 2017-12-18. Retrieved 2017-05-30.
"移民臺灣：臺灣移民歷史的考察". 台湾月刊. 台湾省政府. Archived from the original on 2016-09-29. Retrieved 2016-10-12.
"第八篇3.是是非非李鸿章". 这样读史更有趣. 中国城市出版社. 2007-05-01. ISBN 9787507418552.
近代中國外交的巨變——外交制度與中外關係變化的研究. 香港: 商務出版社. 1991. ISBN 9789570503968.
"十九世紀中國的禦侮戰爭－以中法戰爭臺灣戰役（1883-1885）為論述中心". 中國文化大學史學研究所博士論文. 臺北市: 中國文化大學. 2007.
"台防紧要请移福建巡抚驻台镇摄折（1885年7月29日）". 追学网. 2015-10-24. Archived from the original on 2019-03-05.
劉寧顏編：《重修臺灣省通志》，臺北市；臺灣省文獻委員會，1994年。
"卷416" . 清史稿 . 卷四百十六劉銘傳 – via Wikisource.
馬德茂, 鄭保國 & 張鵬程 2004, p. 194, 台湾建省与刘铭传"理番"
"劉銘傳新政之研究". 銘傳大學應用中國文學系碩士在職專班碩士論文. 桃園縣: 銘傳大學. 2008.
王育德 (1979). 《臺灣：苦悶的歷史》 (中文修訂版 ed.). 東京都: 臺灣青年社. p. 107.
日本帝國主義下之臺灣. 財團法人吳三連台灣史料基金會. 2014-12-10. ISBN 9789868973749.
"日治時期臺灣總督府對福建鐵路的規劃與佈局（1898-1912）" (PDF). 《史匯》. 國立中央大學歷史研究所. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-05. Retrieved 2017-05-27. Soon after the Japanese took over Taiwan, they used Taiwan as their base and started the invasion of Fujian.
梁華璜 2001
"略论日据时期台湾总督府对厦门的新闻殖民活动". 中国青年政治学院学报: 125. 2010. Archived from the original on 2016-10-21. Retrieved 2016-10-20.
"1900年美國報紙頭版的"廈門事件" 究竟發生了什麼事". 人民网. 1900年美國報紙頭版的"廈門事件" 究竟發生了什麼事. 2016-03-21. Archived from the original on 2016-10-20. Retrieved 2016-10-20.
莊永明 (2000). 臺灣百人傳. 時報文化出版企業股份有限公司. ISBN 9571333271.
"巨變與衝擊:論社會主義思潮對台灣左翼運動的影響(以1920~1937年論述)". 國立臺灣師範大學政治學研究所碩士論文. 臺北市: 國立臺灣師範大學. 2006.
民國文學與文化研究第二輯. Showwe Information Co. 2016. p. 250. ISBN 9789869297356. Archived from the original on 2016-10-25. Retrieved 2016-10-24.
馬德茂, 鄭保國 & 張鵬程 2004, 第七章從五四運動到台灣光復期間海峽兩岸革命情結
台灣義勇隊: 台灣抗日團體在大陸的活動, 1937-1945. 五南圖書出版股份有限公司. 2007. ISBN 978-9867332790.
"敵機來襲！──中美盟軍轟炸臺灣的歷史全記錄". Story Studio Inc. 2015-12-25. Archived from the original on 2018-09-22. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
國民政府對日本宣戰布告 . 1941-12-09 – via Wikisource. 所有一切條約、協定、合同，有涉及中、日間之關係者，一律廢止。
"中美混合團成立70週年紀念特展－空襲日軍駐新竹基地（民國32年11月25日）". 国军历史文物馆. 國防部. 2014-03-31. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
開羅宣言 . 1943-12-01 – via Wikisource. all the territories Japan has stolen from the Chinese, such as Manchuria, Formosa, and The Pescadores, shall be restored to the Republic of China.
中美英三國促令日本投降之波茨坦公告 . 1945-07-26 – via Wikisource. (8) The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out and Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to the islands of Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and such minor islands as we determine.
降伏文書 . 1945-09-02 – via Wikisource. 茲接受美、中、英三國政府首領於一九四五年七月二十六日在波茨坦所發表，其後又經蘇維埃社會主義共和國聯邦所加入之公告所列舉之條款。中英美蘇四國在此文件中將被稱為盟邦。
天皇和日本投降. 档案出版社. 1992. ISBN 9787800193330. Archived from the original on 2017-04-22. Retrieved 2017-05-31.
馬德茂, 鄭保國 & 張鵬程 2004, 第九章台灣回歸祖國與國民政府對台灣的治理
"關於「臺灣主權未定論」之答客問". 中華民國外交部. 2015-08-27. Archived from the original on 2016-04-07. Retrieved 2017-06-13.
"異哉所謂「臺灣法律地位未定論」：請勿自我矮化國格". 中華民國外交部. 2011-09-28. Archived from the original on 2016-03-07. Retrieved 2017-06-13.
"「臺灣的國際法地位」說帖". 中華民國外交部. 2010-03-23. Archived from the original on 2017-08-17. Retrieved 2017-06-13.
"國際法觀點學者：台灣被中華民國政府佔領70年". 自由時報. 臺北市]. 2015-10-24.
"開羅宣言無法律效力舊金山和約位階高". 民視. 高雄市. 2016-12-01. Archived from the original on 2016-12-08. Retrieved 2023-05-01.
"蔣介石提台灣是托管地書信國史館網站可查到". 2017-01-03.
國際法與國際事務論叢. 臺北市: 臺灣商務印書館. 1995. ISBN 9570506997.
^ "恢復國籍的爭議：戰後旅外臺灣人的復籍問題(1945-47)" (PDF). 人文及社會科學集刊 (pdf). 中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心.
|美國對外關係|Foreign Relations Series|Foreign Relations of the United States, 1946. 美國政府印務局|United States Government Printing Office|United States Government Printing Office. 1971.
何義麟. 戰後台灣人之國籍變更與國家認同──以澀谷事件之考察為中心 (PDF) (Report). 臺北市: 財團法人交流協會. pp. 6–11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-16. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
1949大撤退. 聯經出版事業公司. 2009-08-24. ISBN 978-9570834512.
寶島眷村背后的國共恩仇. 人民日報社.
Hsiao, Frank S. T.; Sullivan, Lawrence R. (1979). "The Chinese Communist Party and the Status of Taiwan, 1928-1943". Pacific Affairs. 52 (3): 446. doi:10.2307/2757657. JSTOR 2757657.
van der Wees, Gerrit (May 3, 2022). "When the CCP Thought Taiwan Should Be Independent". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 2023-11-09.
""一定要解放台湾"". 人民网. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
""八二三炮战"". 深圳市人民政府台湾事务办公室. 2016-10-12. Archived from the original on 2017-06-19. Retrieved 2017-06-08.
解密中国外交档案. 中国档案出版社. 2010-06-23. Archived from the original on 2017-06-08. Retrieved 2017-06-08.
Statement by the President on the Situation in Korea, Truman library, 1950-06-27, archived from the original on 2014-11-09, retrieved 2007-10-06
伍修权 (1950-11-28). 伍修权在联合国安全理事会上控诉美国武装侵略中国领土台湾的发言 – via Wikisource.
聯合國安全理事會正式紀錄第七十二號第五三0次會議. 紐約發拉星草場: 聯合國安全理事會. 1950-11-30. Archived from the original on 2015-08-24. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
舊金山和平條約 . 1951-09-08 – via Wikisource.
中華民國與日本國間和平條約 . 1952-04-28 – via Wikisource.
"韩战中美国第七舰队与中国". 华夏快递. 2003. Archived from the original on 2017-08-15. Retrieved 2017-06-08.
全國政協文史資料委員會編：《文史資料選輯》第140輯. 北京: 中國文史出版社. 2000. ISBN 978-7-5034-1065-9.
毛泽东 (1958-10-06). 中华人民共和国国防部告台湾同胞书 – via Wikisource. 为了人道主义，从十月六日起，暂以七天为期，停止炮击，你们可以充分地自由地输送供应品，但以没有美国人护航为条件。
"海峡两岸关系六十年(三)". 中国和平统一促进会. 2015-06-23. Archived from the original on 2016-11-14. Retrieved 2017-06-06.
"從"一綱四目"到"一國兩制"". 人民網. 2012-09-13. Archived from the original on 2019-03-05. Retrieved 2017-07-12.
中华人民共和国和美利坚合众国联合公报 (1972年) . 1972-02-26 – via Wikisource. 美国方面声明：美国认识到，在台湾海峡两边的所有中国人都认为只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。英文版：The US side declared: The United States acknowledges that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait maintain there is but one China and that Taiwan is a part of China.
中华人民共和国政府和日本国政府联合声明 . 1972-09-29 – via Wikisource. 中华人民共和国政府重申：台湾是中华人民共和国领土不可分割的一部分。日本国政府充分理解和尊重中国政府的这一立场，并坚持遵循波茨坦公告第八条的立场。
中华人民共和国和美利坚合众国关于建立外交关系的联合公报 . 1979-01-01 – via Wikisource. 美利坚合众国政府承认中国的立场，即只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。The Government of the United States of America acknowledges the Chinese position that there is but one China and Taiwan is part of China.
^ "福建在海峡两岸关系中扮演的角色" (PDF). 东亚论文. 2010-02-01. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-05. Retrieved 2016-10-11.
^ "從兩岸關係的變遷探討兩岸關係的定位（下）" (PDF). 遠景基金會季刊: 99–100. 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-03-05. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
《臺灣歷史辭典》. 臺北: 遠流出版. 2004. ISBN 9570174293.
"新中国三十年第一程——记眉山轮首航台湾海峡". 中远航运宣传网. 2011-03-28. Archived from the original on 2018-09-22. Retrieved 2017-03-12.
"廖承志致蒋经国先生信". 中央政府门户网站. 1982-07-24. Archived from the original on 2019-03-12. Retrieved 2017-06-13.
周美華、蕭李居編，《蔣經國書信集——與宋美齡往來函電》下，台北「國史館」出版，2009年，第278-284頁
"臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例". 全国法规资料库. 2015-06-17. Archived from the original on 2017-11-03. Retrieved 2017-07-03.
"歷次會談總覽". 财团法人海峡交流基金会. Archived from the original on 2019-03-05. Retrieved 2017-06-08.
"两岸对话与商谈一览表". 海峡两岸关系协会. 国台办. 2008-06-05. Archived from the original on 2019-08-13. Retrieved 2017-06-08.
"辜汪會晤". 财团法人海峡交流基金会. Archived from the original on 2021-01-06. Retrieved 2017-06-08.
"江八點與李六條對照表". 新國會政策研究中心. 1996-04-10. Archived from the original on 2012-01-22. Retrieved 2017-06-08.
"从"千岛湖事件"与"闽平渔事件"的比较看两岸对和平统一的诚意". 中国国民党革命委员会中央委员会. 2008-10-23. Archived from the original on 2013-10-15. Retrieved 2023-05-01.
"國家定位李前總統︰ROC在台灣". TVBS. 2003-12-21. Archived from the original on 2017-01-08. Retrieved 2017-06-08.
"第三屆全國經營者大會演講全文". Archived from the original on 2017-09-20. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
"民进党党纲" (PDF). 民主进步党官方网站.
邵宗海 2001, 五二○演說
"（二）台湾"去中国化"". 為人民服務: 兩岸制度競爭的核心. 秀威出版. 2011. ISBN 978-9862217351.
"蒋介石在当今的台湾". 悦读MOOK（第三十七卷）. 二十一世纪出版社. 2014. p. 179. ISBN 978-7539188263.
"2001年5月："新五不"政策". 華夏經緯網. 2002-08-05. Archived from the original on 2018-08-21. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
兩岸關係歷任元首詮釋不同，民視新聞，2012-03-23
"陈水扁称大陆496颗导弹对准台湾每6天增加1颗". 新浪网. 华夏经纬网. 2004-02-23. Archived from the original on 2018-08-21. Retrieved 2017-06-08.
"和平反飛彈二二八全台「發聲」". 自由新闻网. 2004-02-26. Archived from the original on 2016-04-20. Retrieved 2017-06-08.
"總統晚上透過視訊會議與歐洲議會議員及新聞媒體進行對話". 中華民國總統府新聞稿. 2005-03-01. Archived from the original on 2016-09-27. Retrieved 2017-06-07.
"「326遊行」充分反映臺灣人民愛和平、反暴力之心聲". 中華民國行政院大陸委員會官网. 2005-03-26.
"连战：05年破冰之旅由胡锦涛促成，不愿提及马习会". 美国之音. 2013-11-13. Archived from the original on 2018-09-22. Retrieved 2017-07-24. 连战因在促进两岸关系的改善方面做出的杰出贡献，获颁终身成就大奖。
"2005年5月12日胡锦涛和宋楚瑜在北京举行正式会谈". 中国共产党新闻. Archived from the original on 2018-09-22. Retrieved 2017-07-24. 胡锦涛指出，台海紧张局势出现了某些缓和的迹象。
"國家統一委員會設置要點(點選開啟法規查詢)". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
"護照九月起加註Taiwan". 苹果日报. 2003-06-13. Archived from the original on 2017-07-31. Retrieved 2017-06-09.
"美中如何看待陳水扁「四要一沒有」". 中評社. 2007-04-12.
兩岸談判與協商—從白手套到官方接觸再到？. 唐山出版社. 2016-08-30. ISBN 9789863071273.
"两岸新青年－陆方要倾听台湾民眾心声". 中时电子报. 2016-02-15. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
"「台灣未來由台灣2300萬人民決定」". BBC中文网. 2014-06-11. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-07-24.
"習近平晤台灣統派重申一國兩制方針". BBC中文网. 2014-09-26. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-06-13.
"江揆：中華民國是主權獨立國家，不接受一國兩制". 新聞傳播處. December 2011. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-06-13.
"「台車入閩」陸委會拒評方案". 東方日報. 中新社. 2015-01-11.
"卡式台胞證上路在台引起抗議". BBC中文网. 2015-09-23. Archived from the original on 2017-12-02. Retrieved 2017-06-14.
"馬總統與大陸領導人習近平在新加坡會面，雙方將共同努力持續鞏固臺海和平及維護兩岸人民福祉". 7 November 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-11-17. Retrieved 2017-05-23.
""习马会"第一句话说啥？双方打什么颜色领带？晚饭吃啥？". 央视新闻. 2015.
Chang, Shu-hua. "President Ma to meet China's Xi in Singapore Saturday (update)". 中央通讯社英文新闻网. Archived from the original on 2015-11-07. Retrieved 2023-05-01.
"20151104 焦點對談兩岸史上最大突破! 馬習會周六登場". YouTube.com. 2015-11-04. Archived from the original on 2016-03-24. Retrieved 2017-05-23.
"两岸领导人习近平、马英九将在新加坡会面". Gwytb.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2017-07-29. Retrieved 2017-05-23.
"港报社评：＂习马会＂框限未来台湾新总统". Reuters. 2015-11-09. Archived from the original on 2022-04-15. Retrieved 2022-01-19.
""川蔡"通话令台湾人欢欣鼓舞". FT中文网. 英国金融时报 (英国)|金融时报. Archived from the original on 2017-10-23. Retrieved 2017-06-14.
"蔡英文：大陆施压不会双赢". 联合早报. 2016-10-08. Archived from the original on 2017-08-05. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
"大陸施壓信曝光：「中國台灣省」不應參與WHA". 香港經濟日報. 2017-05-22. Archived from the original on 2017-05-22. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
"2017台湾前瞻——两岸关系篇". 新华网.
"蔡英文：力抗中国压力发展其他关系". BBC中文网. 2016-09-29. Archived from the original on 2017-05-18. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
"綠智庫民調：八成民眾不滿中國打壓台灣參與WHA". 2017-04-21. Archived from the original on 2017-04-21.
"台民调：58%民众不满蔡英文处理两岸关系". 2017-06-27. Archived from the original on 2017-08-05.
"祖国必须统一，也必然统一——习近平总书记重要讲话为两岸关系发展定向领航". 中国日报网. 2019-01-03.
"習近平新解「九二共識」學者：給國民黨難堪". 自由時報. 2019-01-02.
"回應習五條蔡英文：拒絕九二共識不接受一國兩制". 中時電子報. 2019-01-02.
"国台办：依法终身追责"台独"顽固分子". 2021-05-12.
"国台办公布"台独"惩戒国民两党齐反对". 德国之声. 2021-11-08. Archived from the original on 2021-11-09. Retrieved 2022-01-19.
"導彈飛越台灣上空、累計203架次共機侵擾第4次台海危機恫嚇一次看 | ETtoday政治新聞 | ETtoday新聞雲". www.ettoday.net. 8 August 2022. Archived from the original on 2022-08-17. Retrieved 2022-08-09.
"【台美日反制軍演】報復裴洛西訪台中國抓狂軍演蔡政府聯手美日反制戰略曝光". 鏡週刊 Mirror Media. 2022-08-08. Archived from the original on 2022-08-21. Retrieved 2022-08-09.
"共軍2小時射11枚飛彈！國防部：落在台灣3海域". 鏡週刊 Mirror Media. 2022-08-04. Archived from the original on 2022-08-14. Retrieved 2022-08-09.
"詳解第三份統一白皮書北京發出「台灣特區」談判芻議原文網址: 詳解第三份統一白皮書北京發出「台灣特區」談判芻議". Archived from the original on 2022-08-14. Retrieved 2022-08-14.
"中共中央台办发言人受权宣布对列入清单的一批"台独"顽固分子等人员实施制裁".
"国台办宣布对宣扬"台独"的有关机构予以惩戒". 2023-04-07.

Sources

Books

Andrade, Tonio (2008). How Taiwan Became Chinese (Project Gutenberg ed.). Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-12855-1.
——— (2011), Lost Colony: The Untold Story of China's First Great Victory Over the West (illustrated ed.), Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-14455-9
——— (2016), The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-13597-7
Hang, Xing (2010), Between Trade and Legitimacy, Maritime and Continent
——— (2015), Conflict and Commerce in Maritime East Asia: The Zheng Family and the Shaping of the Modern World, c. 1620–1720
Hsu, Wen-hsiung (1980). "From Aboriginal Island to Chinese Frontier: The Development of Taiwan before 1683". In Knapp, Ronald G. (ed.). China's Island Frontier: Studies in the Historical Geography of Taiwan. The University of Hawaii. pp. 3–28. hdl:10125/62865. ISBN 978-0-8248-8004-0.
Isorena, Efren B. (2004). "The Visayan Raiders of the China Coast, 1174–1190 Ad". Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society. 32 (2): 73–95. JSTOR 29792550.
Liu, Yingsheng (2012), "The Taiwan Strait between the Twelfth and Sixteenth Centuries and the Maritime Route to Luzon", Journal of Asian History, 46 (2): 167–180, JSTOR 41933619
Thompson, Lawrence G. (1964). "The earliest eyewitness accounts of the Formosan aborigines". Monumenta Serica. 23: 163–204. doi:10.1080/02549948.1964.11731044. JSTOR 40726116.
Wills, John E. Jr. (2007). "The Seventeenth-century Transformation: Taiwan under the Dutch and the Cheng Regime". In Rubinstein, Murray A. (ed.). Taiwan: A New History (expanded ed.). M.E. Sharpe. pp. 84–106. ISBN 978-0-7656-1495-7.
Wong, Young-tsu (2017), China's Conquest of Taiwan in the Seventeenth Century: Victory at Full Moon, Springer, ISBN 978-981-10-2248-7
Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2012), Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty: His Life, Times, and Legacy, SUNY Press, ISBN 978-0-7914-8268-1.

屠薇君 (2004-12-01), 张春英 (ed.), 海峡两岸关系史（第1卷）：開發·融合, 福建人民出版社, ISBN 7211046767, archived from the original on 2017-12-01, retrieved 2017-05-29
馬德茂; 鄭保國; 張鵬程 (2004), 张春英 (ed.), 海峡两岸关系史（第2卷）：變亂·回歸, 福建人民出版社, ISBN 9787211043491
张春英 (2004-12-01), 海峡两岸关系史（第3卷）：內爭·對峙, 福建人民出版社, ISBN 9789867359902
张春英 (2004-12-01), 海峡两岸关系史（第4卷）：缓和·统一, 福建人民出版社, ISBN 7211044578
林滿紅 (1994), 四百年來的兩岸分合: 一個經貿史的回顧, 臺北: 自立晚報社文化出版部, ISBN 9575962885, archived from the original on 2017-12-01, retrieved 2017-06-07
梁華璜 (2001), 臺灣總督府的「對岸」政策研究：日據時代台閩關係史, 台北: 稻鄉出版社, ISBN 9579628777
邵宗海 (2001-11-01), 兩岸關係－陳水扁的大陸政策, 台北: 生智出版社, ISBN 9789578183292
邵宗海 (2017-02-25), 蔡英文時代的兩岸關係（2016-2020）, 台北: 五南出版社, ISBN 9789571190068

Categories: