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Arab Cubans

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Ethnic group
Arab Cubans
Árabes Cubanos
Memorial to the Arab Immigrants
Total population
1,000,000
Regions with significant populations
Havana, Holguín, Santiago de Cuba
Languages
Cuban Spanish, Arabic
Religion
Majority Christianity, Minority Islam
Related ethnic groups
Arabs, Syrians, Lebanese, Palestinians

Arab Cubans refers to Arab immigrants and their descendants in Cuba and the Cuban diaspora. Most of Cuba's Arab community come from Syrian, Lebanese or Palestinian backgrounds.

History

While Arabic culture first came to Cuba through Spanish colonization, namely in the architecture and language, the Arab communities migrated to the island in the late nineteenth to early twentieth century. Many of the immigrants were economically motivated, but other elements including civil unrest and famine resulted in the emigration from their home countries. Most Arabs settled in Havana, with a significant number in Holguín and Santiago de Cuba, where they began establishing their businesses and institutions.

Church of San Judas Y San Nicolás de Bari

The neighborhood today known as Los Sitios, near Centro Habana and Habana Vieja, was home to nearly 25% of Cuba's Arab community during the migration periods of the early twentieth century. The Church of San Judas y San Nicolás near Calle Monte was a base for the Arab Maronite Catholic community in Havana during the early 20th century and is in continued operation until today.

Estimating the religious composition of Arab Cubans is difficult because of a lack of records. However, the Embassy of Lebanon last conducted a census on Lebanese descendants in Cuba in 1951. Most of the Lebanese-Arabs practiced the Maronite Catholic faith, while many adhered to other faiths including Orthodox Christian, Sunni Muslim, and Shia Muslim.

Arabic and Arab-centered newspapers existed in Cuba up until the 1970s, such as El Cercano Oriente (The Near East), El Árbol del Líbano (The Tree of Lebanon), Al-Etehad (The Union), Al-Faihaa (The Spacious), Al-Sayf (The Saber), and La Unión (The Union).

Arab Union of Cuba

Arab organizations and associations began appearing during their immigration and existed in nearly every urban area in Cuba. Founded in 1979, The Arab Union of Cuba is the most notable and established Arab association in Cuba and it still operates today. Among the Arab Union of Cuba's work is the development of the Memorial to Arab Immigrants in the Park of the Arab Immigrant on Calle Monte in Havana's Los Sitios neighborhood.

Figures

Cities of Arrival for Arab Immigrants
City Percentage
Havana 25.5%
Holguín 5.6%
Santiago de Cuba 3.9%
Camagüey 3.3%
Matanzas 3.1%
Guantánamo 2.9%
Ciego de Ávila 2.8%
Santa Clara 2.7%
Puerto Padre 2.7%
Cárdenas 2.4%
Marianao 2.3%
Guanabacoa 2.2%
Arab migration to Cuba from 1920 to 1931
Year Total
1920 682
1921 275
1922 232
1923 1342
1924 1954
1925 1795
1926 1139
1927 606
1928 646
1929 426
1930 180
1931 60

Notable Arab Cubans

References

  1. ^ Menéndez Paredes, Rigoberto (2007). Los árabes en Cuba (in Spanish). La Habana: Ediciones Boloña : Oficina del Historiador de la Ciudad. ISBN 9789597126690. OCLC 316221166.
  2. "Unión Árabe de Cuba". 2017-06-12. Archived from the original on 2017-06-12. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
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