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House of the Infantado

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The Palace of Queluz was part of the Infantado prior to becoming a royal palace.

The House of the Infantado (Portuguese: Casa do Infantado) was an appanage for the second eldest son of the Portuguese monarch.

History

The House of the Infantado was created in 1654 by King John IV of Portugal from properties and riches confiscated from the Marquis of Vila Real, supporters of House of Habsburg during the Portuguese Restoration War. It belonged to and was passed on to the second-born son of each King — i.e., the Infante that was not entitled to the crown — as his appanage. This member of the Portuguese royal family was known as the Lord of the House of the Infantado (Senhor da Casa do Infantado) or simply the Lord of the Infantado (Senhor do Infantado).

The measure was intended to "perpetuate and extend as much as possible the blood of the royal family." The extinction of the House of Aviz in 1580 had brought the Kingdom of Portugal in personal union with Spain, de facto subjecting the country to Spanish rule. Thus the country's independence depended also on the fertility of the royal house. With a large income, second sons are encouraged to marry to produce cadet branches capable of perpetuating the royal line.

The basis of the donation was the city of Beja, with the ducal title, which belonged to King Manuel I of Portugal. As this income was not enough, the lands Vila Real and Caminha, confiscated in 1641, were added to it.

The donation covered the villages, places, castles, padroados, land, forums, rights and duties for the second house, which guaranteed the title of Duke of Vila Real to the eldest son of Infante Dom Pedro. The House continued to receive new grants from the crown: the fifth of Queluz and their appurtenances; the palaces and houses of Corte-Real in Lisbon, which had belonged to the 2nd Marquis of Castelo Rodrigo; the town of Serpa and with their barns and de Moura; rents of the Military Order of Christ to which the infante had been named Commander; the marshlands of Golegã, Borba, Mouchões and Silveira, near the Tagus river, from São Liborio to Santarém; saboarias of Porto and villages and places of Entre Douro and Minho and Tras-os-Montes.

Other favors were added after the accession of Afonso VI, giving Dom Pedro an annual grant of 1000 quintals of Brazil wood without payment of duties; and the purchase that he made from his sister, Queen Catherine of Braganza, of the city of Lamego and the marsh of Magos.

Thus, it was not just dominial extension defining the House of Infantado, but the whole of their income in vast urban and rural areas from Tras-os-Montes to Alentejo. Its main wealth was agricultural, but also benefited from maritime interests (Caminha, Aveiro) and rivers. Thus, after the King of Portugal and the Prince of Brazil, the Infantado was the wealthiest household in the Kingdom in terms of seigneurial demesnes.

The primary purpose of the appanage was to enrich the secundogeniture infante with a source of income that would allow him to retain the status expected of a prince. However, the enormous wealth became a source of strife and discord as it did on the death of the Infante Francisco, Duke of Beja, brother of King John V in 1742. The next younger brother of the King, Dom António, claimed the succession to the House of Infantado, which was instead given to the second son of King John V, which greatly worsened the relationship between the two brothers.

Heritage

The following estates were part of the Casa do Infantado:

Lords of the Infantado

Name Lifespan Tenure Notes Parents Image
Pedro 26 April 1648 – 9 December 1706 1645 - 1683 Also:
Duke of Beja
Later:
King Peter II of Portugal and the Algarves 		John IV of Portugal
Luisa de Guzmán
Francisco 25 May 1691 - 21 July 1742 1696 - 1742 Also:
Duke of Beja 		Peter II of Portugal
Maria Sophia of Neuburg
Pedro 5 July 1717 – 25 May 1786 1742 - 1777 Later:
King Peter III of Portugal and the Algarves 		John V of Portugal
Maria Anna of Austria
João 13 May 1767 – 10 March 1826 1777 - 1788 Later:
King John VI of Portugal and the Algarves 		Maria I of Portugal
Peter III of Portugal
Miguel 26 October 1802 – 14 November 1866 1802 - 1824 Later:
King Miguel I of Portugal and the Algarves 		John VI of Portugal
Carlota Joaquina of Spain

External links

Portuguese royalty
Designated royal titles
Undesignated royal titles
Royal households
List of heirs to the Portuguese throne - Portuguese nobility
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