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Human-to-primate transmission

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Human-to-primate transmission (HPT) is a seldom-remarked epidemiologic vector. It is by definition a cross-species transmission vector.

Unsupervised HPT

In 1998, The Zoonotic Importance of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: Transmission From Human to Monkey was noticed.

In 2001, scientists noticed that antibodies peculiar to humans were found in macaque monkeys, both wild and domesticated. Of the panel of human viruses studied, measles, influenza A, and parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3 were found in some of the studied animals.

In 2006, scientists noticed HPT of measles, rubella, and parainfluenza in the case of performing monkeys, who are "a common phenomena in Asia".

In 2015 and again in 2016, scientists found that HPT likely had occurred in the case of Staphylococcus aureus.

In 2018, scientists speculated that HPT was likely to have occurred in the case of human malaria parasites.

Also in 2018, scientists speculated that an outbreak of tuberculosis among a closed breeding colony of Aotus monkeys was likely due to continuing intermittent HPT exposure.

References

  1. Michel, A.L.; Huchzermeyer, H.F.A.K. (1998). "The zoonotic importance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis : Transmission from human to monkey : Case report". Journal of the South African Veterinary Association. 69 (2): 64–5. doi:10.4102/jsava.v69i2.819. PMID 9760401.
  2. Jones-Engel, Lisa; Engel, Gregory A.; Schillaci, Michael A.; Babo, Rosnany; Froehlich, Jeffery (2001). "Detection of antibodies to selected human pathogens among wild and pet macaques (Macaca tonkeana) in Sulawesi, Indonesia". American Journal of Primatology. 54 (3): 171–178. doi:10.1002/ajp.1021. PMID 11443632. S2CID 21092878.
  3. Schillaci, M. A.; Jones-Engel, L.; Engel, G. A.; Kyes, R. C. (2006). "Exposure to human respiratory viruses among urban performing monkeys in Indonesia". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 75 (4): 716–9. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2006.75.716. PMID 17038700.
  4. Schaumburg, Frieder; Pauly, Maude; Anoh, Etile; Mossoun, Arsene; Wiersma, Lidewij; Schubert, Grit; Flammen, Arnaud; Alabi, Abraham S.; Muyembe-Tamfum, Jean-Jacques; Grobusch, Martin P.; Karhemere, Stomy; Akoua-Koffi, Chantal; Couacy-Hymann, Emmanuel; Kremsner, Peter G.; Mellmann, Alexander; Becker, Karsten; Leendertz, Fabian H.; Peters, Georg (2015). "Staphylococcus aureus complex from animals and humans in three remote African regions". Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 21 (4): 345.e1–345.e8. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2014.12.001. PMID 25596779.
  5. Senghore, Madikay; Bayliss, Sion C.; Kwambana-Adams, Brenda A.; Foster-Nyarko, Ebenezer; Manneh, Jainaba; Dione, Michel; Badji, Henry; Ebruke, Chinelo; Doughty, Emma L.; Thorpe, Harry A.; Jasinska, Anna J.; Schmitt, Christopher A.; Cramer, Jennifer D.; Turner, Trudy R.; Weinstock, George; Freimer, Nelson B.; Pallen, Mark J.; Feil, Edward J.; Antonio, Martin (2016). "Transmission of Staphylococcus aureus from Humans to Green Monkeys in the Gambia as Revealed by Whole-Genome Sequencing". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 82 (19): 5910–5917. Bibcode:2016ApEnM..82.5910S. doi:10.1128/AEM.01496-16. PMC 5038045. PMID 27474712.
  6. Rodrigues, Priscila T.; Valdivia, Hugo O.; De Oliveira, Thais C.; Alves, João Marcelo P.; Duarte, Ana Maria R. C.; Cerutti-Junior, Crispim; Buery, Julyana C.; Brito, Cristiana F. A.; De Souza, Júlio César; Hirano, Zelinda M. B.; Bueno, Marina G.; Catão-Dias, José Luiz; Malafronte, Rosely S.; Ladeia-Andrade, Simone; Mita, Toshihiro; Santamaria, Ana Maria; Calzada, José E.; Tantular, Indah S.; Kawamoto, Fumihiko; Raijmakers, Leonie R. J.; Mueller, Ivo; Pacheco, M. Andreina; Escalante, Ananias A.; Felger, Ingrid; Ferreira, Marcelo U. (2018). "Human migration and the spread of malaria parasites to the New World". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 1993. Bibcode:2018NatSR...8.1993R. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19554-0. PMC 5792595. PMID 29386521.
  7. Obaldía, Nicanor; Nuñez, Marlon; Montilla, Santiago; Otero, William; Marin, Jose Camilo (2018). "Tuberculosis (TB) outbreak in a closed Aotus monkey breeding colony: Epidemiology, diagnosis and TB screening using antibody and interferon-gamma release testing". Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 58: 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2018.06.007. PMID 30245044. S2CID 52335531.
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