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Hyderabad-Karnataka Liberation Day, officially known as, Kalyana-Karnataka Liberation Day (Vimochana Diwas) is an annual festival celebrated in seven districts like Bidar district, Kalaburagi district, Yadgir district, Raichur district, Ballari district & Koppal district, Vijayanagara district of Karnataka state, India. It takes place on 17 September. The festival celebrates the annexation of Hyderabad by India in 1948 following the Partition of India and rebellions in Hyderabad State.

History

At the time of Partition in 1947, the princely states of India, who in principle had self-government within their own territories, were subject to subsidiary alliances with the British, giving them control of their external relations. With the Indian Independence Act 1947, the British abandoned all such alliances, leaving the states with the option of opting for full independence. However, by 1948 almost all had acceded to either India or Pakistan. One major exception was that of the wealthiest and most powerful principality, Hyderabad, where the Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII, a Muslim ruler who presided over a largely Hindu population, chose independence and hoped to maintain this with an irregular army. The Nizam was also beset by the Telangana rebellion, which he was unable to subjugate.

Fearing the establishment of a Communist state in Hyderabad by the rebels and the rise of Muslim nationalist Razakar militas, India defeated the Razakars and took the state in September 1948 following a crippling economic blockade. Subsequently, the Nizam signed an instrument of accession, joining India. The operation led to massive violence on communal lines, at times perpetrated by the Indian Army.

Since then, locals commemorate the day as a regional Independence Day. In 2022, Government of Telangana decided to celebrate this day as Telangana National Integration Day (Telangana Jathiya Samaikyatha Vajrotsavam).

See also

• Marathwada Liberation Day

References

1. "Hyderabad-Karnataka region celebrates Vimochana Diwas". DNA India. 18 September 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
2. Dr. Somanatha.C.H (May 2020). "The Freedom Struggle of Kalyana Karnataka. with Special Reference to Koppal and Ballari district" (PDF). International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews. 7 (2): 455. ISSN 2348-1269. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
3. Mehrotra, S.R. (1979). Towards Indias Freedom And Partition. Delhi: Vikash Publishing House. p. 247. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
4. See Section 7 (1) (b): "the suzerainty of His Majesty over the Indian States lapses, and with it, all treaties and agreements in force at the date of the passing of this Act between His Majesty and the rulers of Indian States, all functions exercisable by His Majesty at that date with respect to Indian States, all obligations of His Majesty existing at that date towards Indian States or the rulers thereof, and all powers, rights, authority or jurisdiction exercisable by His Majesty at that date in or in relation to Indian States by treaty, grant, usage, sufferance or otherwise."
5. ^ Barbara D. Metcalf; Thomas R. Metcalf (2006). A Concise History of India (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521682251.
6. "Delhi felt Razakars, communists a threat to India". Deccan Chronicle. 2018-09-15. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
7. Ernst, Waltraud; Pati, Biswamoy (2007-10-18). India's Princely States: People, Princes and Colonialism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-11988-2.
8. "How Hyderabad came into the Indian union | India News - Times of India". The Times of India.
9. "New book on Hyderabad's Invasion, 1948's Police Action". The Milli Gazette — Indian Muslims Leading News Source. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
10. Sherman, Taylor C. (2007). "The integration of the princely state of Hyderabad and the making of the postcolonial state in India, 1948 – 56" (PDF). Indian Economic & Social History Review. 44 (4): 489–516. doi:10.1177/001946460704400404. S2CID 145000228.
11. Chandra, Mukherjee & Mukherjee 2008, p. 96.
12. Thomson, Mike (24 September 2013). "Hyderabad 1948: India's hidden massacre". BBC. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
13. Noorani 2014, Appendix 15: Confidential notes attached to the Sunderlal Committee Report, pp. 372–373
14. "After Owaisi' plea, KCR govt says Sept 17 to be observed as 'Telangana National Integration Day'". 3 September 2022.

Sources

• Chandra, Bipan; Mukherjee, Aditya; Mukherjee, Mridula (2008) , India Since Independence, Penguin Books India, ISBN 978-0-14-310409-4
• Noorani, A. G. (2014), The Destruction of Hyderabad, Hurst & Co, ISBN 978-1-84904-439-4

This article needs additional or more specific categories. Please help out by adding categories to it so that it can be listed with similar articles. (July 2022)

• Karnataka
• Observances in India