Hymenopterida - Misplaced Pages

Order of insects

Hymenopterida Temporal range: Triassic–present

Male small skipper (Thymelicus sylvestris)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
(unranked):	Eumetabola
(unranked):	Holometabola
Superorder:	Hymenopterida
Orders
Hymenoptera Panorpida Mecoptera Siphonaptera Diptera Trichoptera Lepidoptera

Hymenopterida is a superorder of holometabolous (metamorphosing) insects. As originally circumscribed, it included Hymenoptera and the orders in Panorpida (Mecoptera, Siphonaptera, Diptera, Trichoptera and Lepidoptera). However, more recent studies find Hympenoptera as sister to the other members of Holometabola and the superorder is restricted to Hymenoptera.

Evolution

The following phylogenetic tree shows the internal relationships of the superorder as a clade of Hymenoptera and the orders that comprise Panorpida.

Endopterygota

Neuropteroidea

	Coleopterida

	Neuropterida

Hymenopterida

Hymenoptera

Panorpida

Antliophora

Diptera (true flies)

	Mecoptera (scorpionflies, hangingflies)

	Siphonaptera (fleas)

Amphiesmenoptera

	Trichoptera (caddisflies)

	Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)

(Mecopterida)

(Holometabola)

More recent molecular analyses find a different arrangement within Holometabola, with Hymenoptera as the earliest branching group.

Holometabola

Hymenoptera (sawflies, wasps)

Aparaglossata

Neuropteroidea

Neuropterida

Raphidioptera (snakeflies)

	Megaloptera (alderflies and allies)

	Neuroptera (Lacewings and allies)

Coleopterida

	Coleoptera (beetles)

	Strepsiptera (twisted-wing parasites)

Panorpida

Amphiesmenoptera

	Trichoptera (caddisflies)

	Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths)

Antliophora

Diptera

	Mecoptera (scorpionflies)

	Siphonaptera (fleas)

References

Weaver J.S.I. The Evolution And Classification Of Trichoptera, With A Revision Of The Lepidostomatidae And A North American Synopsis Of This Family. Degree: Ph.D. Degree Year: 1983 Institute: Clemson University
Grimaldi, David; Engel, Michael S. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press. p. 147.
Yeates, David K.; Wiegmann, Brian. "Endopterygota Insects with complete metamorphosis". Tree of Life. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
Whiting, Michael F. (2005). "Phylogenetic Position of Diptera: Review of the Evidence". In Yeates, David K.; Wiegmann, Brian (eds.). The Evolutionary Biology of Flies. Columbia University Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-231-50170-5.
Kjer, Karl M.; Simon, Chris; Yavorskaya, Margarita & Beutel, Rolf G. (2016). "Progress, pitfalls and parallel universes: a history of insect phylogenetics". Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 13 (121): 121. doi:10.1098/rsif.2016.0363. PMC 5014063. PMID 27558853.

External links

Data related to Hymenopterida at Wikispecies

Extant Hymenopteran families

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota
Infraclass: Neoptera
Superorder: Holometabola

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Tenthredinoidea	Argidae (argid sawflies) Blasticotomidae (fern sawflies) Cimbicidae (cimbicid sawflies) Diprionidae (conifer sawflies) Pergidae (pergid sawflies) Tenthredinidae (common sawflies)
Xyeloidea	Xyelidae
Pamphilioidea	Megalodontesidae Pamphiliidae (web-spinning sawflies)
Siricoidea	Anaxyelidae (cedar wood wasps) Siricidae (horntails)
Xiphydrioidea	Xiphydriidae (wood wasps)
Cephoidea	Cephidae (stem sawflies)
Orussoidea	Orussidae (parasitic wood wasps)

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Ichneumonoidea

Ceraphronoidea

Proctotrupomorpha

Platygastroidea	Geoscelionidae Janzenellidae Neuroscelionidae Nixoniidae Platygastridae Scelionidae Sparasionidae
Cynipoidea	Austrocynipidae Cynipidae (gall wasps) Diplolepididae Figitidae Ibaliidae Liopteridae
Proctotrupoidea (s.str.)	Proctorenyxidae Roproniidae Heloridae Pelecinidae Peradeniidae Proctotrupidae Vanhorniidae
Diaprioidea	Austroniidae Diapriidae Ismaridae Maamingidae Monomachidae
Mymarommatoidea	Mymarommatidae
Chalcidoidea (chalcid wasps)	Agaonidae (fig wasps) Aphelinidae Azotidae Baeomorphidae Boucekiidae Calesidae Ceidae Cerocephalidae Chalcedectidae Chalcididae Chrysolampidae Cleonymidae Coelocybidae Cynipencyrtidae Diparidae Encyrtidae Epichrysomallidae Eucharitidae Eulophidae Eunotidae Eupelmidae Eurytomidae Eutrichosomatidae Herbertiidae Hetreulophidae Heydeniidae Idioporidae Leucospidae Lyciscidae Macromesidae Megastigmidae Melanosomellidae Metapelmatidae Moranilidae Mymaridae (fairyflies) Neanastatidae Neodiparidae Ooderidae Ormyridae Pelecinellidae Perilampidae Pirenidae Pteromalidae Signiphoridae Spalangiidae Systasidae Tanaostigmatidae Tetracampidae Torymidae Trichogrammatidae

Evanioidea

Stephanoidea

Stephanidae

Megalyroidea

Megalyridae

Trigonaloidea

Trigonalidae

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Scoliidae (scoliid wasps)

Formicoidea

Formicidae (ants)

Apoidea

Spheciformes (sphecoid wasps)	Ammoplanidae Ampulicidae (cockroach wasps) Astatidae Bembicidae Crabronidae Mellinidae Pemphredonidae Philanthidae Psenidae Sphecidae (thread-waisted wasps)

Anthophila (bees)	Andrenidae (mason bees) Apidae (honey bees, bumblebees, cuckoo bees, carpenter bees, orchid bees, stingless bees) Colletidae (plasterer bees) Halictidae (sweat bees) Megachilidae (mason bees, leafcutter bees) Melittidae Stenotritidae

See also: Unicalcarida

v t e Eusociality
Topics	Evolution of eusociality Presociality Social insects Agriculture Gamergate Group selection Haplodiploidy Identity in social insects Kin recognition Kin selection Polyethism Sexual selection in insects Social conflict Thelytoky War Worker policing
Groups	Hymenoptera Ant Apidae Crabronidae Halictidae Honey bee Vespidae Mammalia Blesmol Dwarf mongoose Meerkat Crustacean Synalpheus Thysanoptera Kladothrips Hemiptera Aphididae Coleoptera Austroplatypus incompertus Isoptera
In culture	Bees in mythology Coalescent
Pioneers, works	Karl von Frisch The Dancing Bees 1927 Charles Duncan Michener The Bees of the World 2000 Bert Hölldobler E. O. Wilson Sociobiology: The New Synthesis 1975 The Ants 1990 Journey to the Ants 1994

Insect orders

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
(unranked): Pancrustacea
Subphylum: Hexapoda

Extant

Monocondylia	Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails)

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Zygentoma (silverfish, firebrats)

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Palaeoptera

Ephemeropteroidea	Ephemeroptera (mayflies)
Odonatoptera	Odonata (dragonflies, damselflies)

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Polyneoptera

Plecoptera (stoneflies) Dermaptera (earwigs) Embioptera (webspinners) Phasmatodea (stick and leaf insects) Orthoptera (crickets, wetas, grasshoppers, locusts) Zoraptera (angel insects)
Notoptera (Xenonomia)	Grylloblattodea (ice-crawlers) Mantophasmatodea (gladiators)
Dictyoptera	Blattodea (cockroaches, termites) Mantodea (mantises)

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Paraneoptera *	Psocodea (barklice, lice) Thysanoptera (thrips) Hemiptera (cicadas, aphids, true bugs)

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Hymenoptera (sawflies, wasps, ants, bees)

Neuropteroidea

Coleopterida	Strepsiptera (twisted-winged parasites) Coleoptera (beetles)
Neuropterida	Raphidioptera (snakeflies) Megaloptera (alderflies, dobsonflies, fishflies) Neuroptera (net-winged insects: lacewings, mantidflies, antlions)

Panorpida
(Mecopterida)

Antliophora	Mecoptera (scorpionflies) + Siphonaptera (fleas) Diptera (gnats, mosquitoes, flies)
Amphiesmenoptera	Trichoptera (caddisflies) Lepidoptera (moths, butterflies)

Four most speciose orders are marked in bold
Italic are paraphyletic groups
Based on Sasaki et al. (2013)

Extinct

Insects portal
Wikispecies

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