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IOMAI was a Biotech company founded in 1997 by Gregory Glenn M.D. of the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research and Dean Lewis, a World Bank employee. The company was the first to develop the concept of transcutaneous immunization, delivery of vaccines to the skin using a patch or similar method. This provided a means to stimulate robust immune responses safely as the skin patch-based immunization targeted Langerhans cells in the skin. The patch technology underwent extensive evaluation in the context of a traveler's diarrhea vaccine which entered Phase 3 pivotal trials in 2009. IOMAI was acquired by Intercell in 2008 and the technology was the subject of a development license to GSK in 2009. Dr. Glenn pioneered needle free delivery to the skin and spawned general interest in skin-targeting vaccine technologies, including intradermal delivery and the use of the heat labile toxin as an adjuvant and the adjuvant patch.

See also

• Transdermal patch

References

• Frech, SA; Dupont, HL; Bourgeois, AL; McKenzie, R; Belkind-Gerson, J; Figueroa, JF; Okhuysen, PC; Guerrero, NH; Martinez-Sandoval, FG; Meléndez-Romero, JH; Jiang, ZD; Asturias, EJ; Halpern, J; Torres, OR; Hoffman, AS; Villar, CP; Kassem, RN; Flyer, DC; Andersen, BH; Kazempour, K; Breisch, SA; Glenn, GM (Jun 2008). "Use of a patch containing heat-labile toxin from Escherichia coli against travellers' diarrhoea: a phase II, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled field trial". Lancet. 371 (9629): 2019–25. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60839-9. PMID 18554712. S2CID 32784525.
• McKenzie, R; Bourgeois, AL; Frech, SA; Flyer, DC; Bloom, A; Kazempour, K; Glenn, GM (May 2007). "Transcutaneous immunization with the heat-labile toxin (LT) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC): protective efficacy in a double-blind, placebo-controlled challenge study". Vaccine. 25 (18): 3684–91. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.01.043. PMID 17313998.
• Glenn, GM; Villar, CP; Flyer, DC; Bourgeois, AL; McKenzie, R; Lavker, RM; Frech, SA (May 2007). "Safety and immunogenicity of an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli vaccine patch containing heat-labile toxin: use of skin pretreatment to disrupt the stratum corneum". Infect Immun. 75 (5): 2163–70. doi:10.1128/iai.01740-06. PMC 1865773. PMID 17261601.
• Glenn, GM; Thomas, DN; Poffenberger, KL; Flyer, DC; Ellingsworth, LR; Andersen, BH; Frech, SA (Dec 2009). "Safety and immunogenicity of an influenza vaccine A/H5N1 (A/Vietnam/1194/2004) when coadministered with a heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) adjuvant patch". Vaccine. 27 (Suppl 6): G60–6. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.031. PMID 20006142.
• Kenney, RT; Frech, SA; Muenz, LR; Villar, CP; Glenn, GM (Nov 2004). "Dose sparing with intradermal injection of influenza vaccine". N Engl J Med. 351 (22): 2295–301. doi:10.1056/nejmoa043540. PMID 15525714.

• Biotechnology companies of the United States