Abbreviation | IUPAP |
---|---|
Formation | 1922; 102 years ago (1922) |
Type | International |
Legal status | Active |
Purpose | To stimulate and facilitate international cooperation in physics and the worldwide development of science |
Headquarters | Geneva, with an administrative office in Trieste |
Location | |
Region served | Worldwide |
Membership | International Science Council |
Official language | English |
President | Silvina Ponce Dawson |
Main organ | Executive Council |
Website | iupap |
The International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP; /ˈaɪjuːpæp, ˈjuː-/) is an international non-governmental organization whose mission is to assist in the worldwide development of physics, to foster international cooperation in physics, and to help in the application of physics toward solving problems of concern to humanity. It was established in 1922 and the first General Assembly was held in 1923 in Paris. The Union is domiciled in Geneva, Switzerland.
IUPAP carries out this mission by: sponsoring international meetings; fostering communications and publications; encouraging research and education; fostering the free circulation of scientists; promoting international agreements on the use of symbols, units, nomenclature and standards; and cooperating with other organizations on disciplinary and interdisciplinary problems.
IUPAP is a member of the International Science Council.
IUPAP is the lead organization promoting the adoption of the International Year of Basic Sciences for Sustainable Development, a proposal to be considered by the 76th session of the UN General Assembly.
History
In 1919 was formed the International Research Council “largely through the representatives of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, and of the Royal Society, London, to coordinate international efforts in the different branches of sciences, under whose aegis international associations or unions in different branches of science could be formed".
In accordance with this principle, the 1922 General Assembly of the IRC convened at Brussels and a number of physicists present decided that the formation of a Physics Union was imperative.
Thirteen countries (Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Netherlands, Empire of Japan, Norway, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States and Union of South Africa) immediately announced their adherence to the new Union.
An Executive committee was formed which undertook to prepare rules, regulations, and activities of the organization. The committee consisted of ten distinguished physicists: W.H. Bragg, M. Brillouin, O.M. Corbino, M. Knudsen, M. Leblanc, R.A. Millikan, H. Nagaoka, E. Van Aubel, and H. Abraham. The committee had Bragg as President, Van Aubel as Vice-President, and Abraham as Secretary. This was the birth of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics.
The year 2022 marked the centenary of the IUPAP, organized and run by the physics communities of the world. In this context, the IUPAP sponsored the publication of Globalizing Physics: One Hundred Years of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics, edited by Roberto Lalli and Jaume Navarro. This anthology brings together contributions on the history of IUPAP since its foundation.
Committees and governance
The Union is governed by its General Assembly, which meets every three years. The Council is its top executive body, supervising the activities of the nineteen specialized International Commissions and the four Affiliated Commissions – it typically meets once or twice per year. The Union is composed of Members representing identified physics communities. At present 60 Members adhere to IUPAP. The Members are represented by Liaison Committees. Members of the Council and Commissions are elected by the General Assembly, based on nominations received from Liaison Committees and existing Council and Commission members.
The IUPAP specialised Commissions are:
C1. Commission on Policy and Finance
C2. Commission on Symbols, Units, Nomenclature, Atomic Masses & Fundamental Constants
C3. Commission on Statistical Physics
C4. Commission on Astroparticle Physics. The commission was previously known as the Commission on Cosmic Rays.
C5. Commission on Low Temperature Physics
C6. Commission on Biological Physics
C8. Commission on Semiconductors
C10. Commission on the Structure and Dynamics of Condensed Matter
C11. Commission on Particles and Fields
C12. Commission on Nuclear Physics
C13. Commission on Physics for Development
C14. Commission on Physics Education
C15. Commission on Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
C16. Commission on Plasma Physics
C17. Commission on Laser Physics and Photonics
C18. Commission on Mathematical Physics
C19. Commission on Astrophysics
C20. Commission on Computational Physics
The Affiliated Commissions are:
AC1. International Commission for Optics
AC2. International Commission on General Relativity and Gravitation
AC3. International Commission for Acoustics
AC4. International Commission on Medical Physics
AC5. International Association of Physics Students
AC6. History and Philosophy of Physics
In addition IUPAP has established a number of Working Groups, among others the International Committee for Future Accelerators (WG1) and Women in Physics (WG5), to provide an overview of important areas of international collaboration in physics.
Sponsored conferences
Each year, IUPAP endorses approximately 30 international conferences and awards grants to the majority of them. Applications for sponsorship can be made via the IUPAP website.
Sponsored conferences fall into four categories:
General Conferences - Type A
These provide a broad overview of an entire field (typically the field of interest to a Commission), and normally occur at two- or three-year intervals, as advances in the field warrant. Attendance in the range of 750–1000 would be anticipated.
Topical Conferences - Type B
These concentrate on broad sub-fields (e.g. nuclear spectroscopy, nuclear reaction mechanisms, heavy ion physics, are possible sub-fields in the field of Nuclear Physics). They would normally be scheduled in the years between the corresponding Type A General conferences. Attendance in the range of 300-600 individuals would be anticipated.
Special Conferences - Type C
These concentrate on much more specialised topics than in the case of Type B Conferences (e.g. angular correlations, lifetime measurements, neutron resonance studies in the field of Nuclear Physics). Attendance in the range of 50-200 would be anticipated.
Workshops in Developing Countries - Type D
These concentrate on meeting the needs of a developing region. Unlike the Type A, B and C conferences, they do not need to be truly international, but should involve neighbouring countries, and they should address the needs of the region. One Type D conference will be approved each year. All applications for Type-D Conferences must be submitted to the Commission on Physics for Development (C13).
Sponsored awards
IUPAP commissions sponsor various awards for scientists. These include:
- The IUPAP Young Scientist Prize, approved and adopted at the 2005 General Assembly for all commissions. The prize was renamed Early Career Scientist Prize at the General Assembly 2021.
- The SUNAMCO Medal, given by the Commission on Symbols, Units, Nomenclature, Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants (C2)
- The Boltzmann Medal, awarded by the Commission on Statistical Physics (C3)
- The Fritz London Memorial Prize, given by the Commission on Low Temperature Physics (C5)
- The Young Author Best Paper Award, established by the Commission on Semiconductors (C8) and sponsored by the semiconductor industries of USA, Japan and Europe
- ICM Award in Magnetism, established by the Commission on Magnetism (C9)
- The Kennedy Reed Medal for Outstanding Contributions to the Enhancement of Physics in Developing Countries (C13)
- The ICPE Medal, sponsored by the Commission on Physics Education (C14)
- Penning Award Excellence in Low-Temperature Plasma Physics, established by the Commission on Plasma Physics (C16)
- ICO Prize, awarded by the Affiliated Commission for Optics (AC1)
- ICO Galileo Galilei Award, awarded by the Affiliated Commission for Optics (AC1)
Sponsored symposiums
Territorial members
IUPAP was founded in 1922 with 13 members: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Netherlands, Empire of Japan, Norway, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, and South Africa. Since, then many new members have joined the union. Today, the IUPAP consists of 56 territorial member.
Below is the list of IUPAP territorial members:
List of the Current and Former Territorial Members of IUPAP | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country | Shares
(2015) |
Votes
(2015) |
Year of
Joining |
Year of
ceasing to be a member |
Rejoining
(1) |
Rejoining
(2) | |
1 | Algeria | 1 | 1 | 2009 | |||
2 | Argentina | 1 | 1 | 1951 | 1984 | ||
3 | Australia | 4 | 3 | 1925 | |||
4 | Austria | 2 | 2 | 1957 | |||
5 | Belgium | 4 | 3 | 1922 | |||
6 | Brazil | 8 | 4 | 1951 | |||
7 | Canada | 8 | 4 | 1922 | |||
8 | Chile | 1 | 1 | 1984 | |||
9 | China-Beijing (PRC) | 15 | 5 | 1984 | |||
10 | China-Taipei (Taiwan) | 5 | 3 | 1984 | |||
11 | Costa Rica | 1 | 1 | 2009 | 2017 | ||
12 | Croatia | 1 | 1 | 1993 | |||
13 | Cyprus | 1 | 1 | 2003 | |||
14 | Czech Republic | 4 | 3 | 1993 | |||
15 | Denmark | 3 | 2 | 1922 | |||
16 | Estonia | 1 | 1 | 2002 | |||
17 | Ethiopia | 1 | 1 | 2009 | No Voting rights | ||
18 | Finland | 3 | 2 | 1947 | |||
19 | France | 15 | 5 | 1922 | |||
20 | Germany | 15 | 5 | 1954 | |||
21 | Ghana | 1 | 1 | ? | |||
22 | Greece | 1 | 1 | 2009 | |||
23 | Hungary | 3 | 2 | 1948 | |||
24 | India | 8 | 4 | 1948 | |||
25 | Iran | 1 | 1 | ? | |||
26 | Ireland | 1 | 1 | 1966 | |||
27 | Israel | 2 | 2 | 1951 | |||
28 | Italy | 12 | 5 | 1923 | |||
29 | Japan | 15 | 5 | 1922 | |||
30 | Jordan | 2 | 1 | 2018 | |||
31 | Korea (ROK) | 10 | 5 | 1969 | |||
32 | Latvia | 1 | 1 | 2002 | |||
33 | Lithuania | 1 | 1 | 2002 | |||
34 | Mexico | 2 | 2 | 1925 | |||
35 | Netherlands | 4 | 3 | 1922 | |||
36 | New Zealand | 1 | 1 | 1954 | |||
37 | Norway | 3 | 2 | 1922 | |||
38 | Pakistan | 0 | 0 | 1951 | 2017 | ||
39 | Peru | 1 | 1 | 2009 | |||
40 | Philippines | 1 | 1 | 2009 | |||
41 | Poland | 4 | 3 | 1922 | |||
42 | Portugal | 1 | 1 | 1984 | |||
43 | Romania | 1 | 1 | 1947 | 1960-87 | 2009 | |
44 | Russia | 18 | 6 | 1992 | |||
45 | Saudi Arabia | 1 | 1 | 1990 | |||
46 | Senegal | 1 | 1 | ? | No voting rights | ||
47 | Singapore | 2 | 2 | 2009 | |||
48 | Slovakia | 1 | 1 | 1993 | |||
49 | Slovenia | 1 | 1 | 1993 | |||
50 | South Africa | 3 | 2 | 1922 | |||
51 | Spain | 8 | 4 | 1922 | |||
52 | Sweden | 8 | 4 | 1923 | |||
53 | Switzerland | 4 | 3 | 1922 | |||
54 | Tunisia | 1 | 1 | 2005 | |||
55 | United Kingdom | 15 | 5 | 1922 | |||
56 | United States | 18 | 6 | 1922 | |||
Bolivia | 0 | 0 | 1963 | ||||
Bulgaria | 0 | 0 | 1957 | ||||
Cameroon | 1 | 1 | 2009 | 2017 | |||
Colombia | 1 | 1 | 2009 | 2017 | |||
Cuba | 1 | 1 | 1969 | No voting rights | |||
Egypt | 1 | 1 | 1948 | 2017 | |||
East Germany | 1960 | ||||||
Kenya | 1 | 1 | 1995 | 2017 | |||
Nigeria | 0 | 0 | 1990 | ||||
Republic of China
(membership renewed as China-Taipei) |
1934 | 1984 | |||||
Soviet Union
(succeeded by Russia) |
18 | 6 | 1957 | 1991 | |||
Yugoslavia | 0 | 0 | 1954 | 1992 |
List of IUPAP Presidents
The IUPAP President is the head of the Executive Council. IUPAP Presidents are elected by the General Assembly. During the election of the Executive Council, the future President is also elected to the post of President-Designate. Thus in every Executive Council the current President-Designate will succeed the incumbent President.
Below is the list of IUPAP Presidents since its inception in 1922.
IUPAP reactions to sanctions in science
IUPAP, whose mission is to assist in the worldwide development of physics, to foster international cooperation, and to help in the application of physics toward solving problems of concern to humanity, has throughout its history defended the stand that no scientists should be barred from participating in conferences or events on the basis of their nationality or their affiliation. Shortly after the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, IUPAP issued a statement against the military offensive, while advocating for continued international scientific cooperation. To alleviate sanctions in science and to promote principles and policies for international scientific collaboration, IUPAP offers physicists, including students, from any country around the world, who feel excluded from academic exchange based exclusively on their affiliation and/or country of origin, to apply to use the IUPAP as their affiliation.
See also
References
- ^ Kerwin, Larkin (1969). "The international union of pure and applied physics". Physics Today. 22 (5): 53–55. Bibcode:1969PhT....22e..53K. doi:10.1063/1.3035575. ISSN 0031-9228. S2CID 122968286.
- "The Central Secretariat of IUPAP is moving to Trieste". Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati. 11 May 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- "Contact us". IUPAP. 26 February 2021.
- Lalli, Roberto; Navarro, Jaume, eds. (2024-07-09). Globalizing Physics: One Hundred Years of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (1 ed.). Oxford University PressOxford. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198878681.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-887868-1.
- ^ Nilsson, Jan (1996). "What can IUPAP do for you?". Physics World. 9 (12): 13–14. doi:10.1088/2058-7058/9/12/12. ISSN 0953-8585.
- ^ Brown, Sanborn C (September 1972). Physics 50 Years Later: [Papers] as Presented to the XIV General Assembly of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics on the Occasion of the Union's Fiftieth Anniversary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. p. 436. doi:10.17226/20232. ISBN 978-0-309-02138-8.
- "UID-Register@BFS, UID CHE-494.244.310 (International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP))". www.uid.admin.ch. Retrieved 2022-11-24.
- Kerwin, Larkin (1973). "IUPAP on freedom". Physics Today. 26 (12): 11. Bibcode:1973PhT....26l..11K. doi:10.1063/1.3128352. ISSN 0031-9228.
- Davis, Harold L. (1972). "IUPAP–A union for all physicists". Physics Today. 25 (9): 88. Bibcode:1972PhT....25i..88D. doi:10.1063/1.3071031. ISSN 0031-9228.
- Fleury, P.; de Boer, J. (1962). "Symbols units and nomenclature in physics". Physics Today. 15 (6): 20–30. Bibcode:1962PhT....15f..20F. doi:10.1063/1.3058223. ISSN 0031-9228.
- "IUPAP handbook on symbols and units". Physics Today. 35 (9): 21. 1982. Bibcode:1982PhT....35i..21.. doi:10.1063/1.2915257. ISSN 0031-9228.
- ^ Bacher, Robert F.; Havens, William W.; Koch, H. William; Marshak, Robert E.; Seitz, Frederick (1972). "IUPAP–Past and future". Physics Today. 25 (9): 23–28. Bibcode:1972PhT....25i..23B. doi:10.1063/1.3070995. ISSN 0031-9228.
- "About Us". IUPAP. 28 January 2021.
- "Soviet Oppression: IUPAP Retaliates". Nature. 245 (5419): 3. 1973. Bibcode:1973Natur.245R...3.. doi:10.1038/245003b0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 38836278.
- "Home". International Year of Basic Sciences for Development. Retrieved 2021-10-16.
- "History of IUPAP" (PDF). iupap.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-11-01. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
- Roberto Lalli and Jaume Navarro (2024). Globalizing Physics: One Hundred Years of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (PDF). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198878681.
- "The Statues of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (as adopted by the General Assembly, 2011)". IUPAP. 2011. Archived from the original on 2019-03-26. Retrieved 2019-03-26.
- Metropolis, N. (2012). New Directions In Physics. Elsevier. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-323-14131-4.
- Sugawara, Hirotaka (2017), "High Energy Physics, Past, Present and Future", Memorial Volume on Abdus Salam's 90th Birthday, Singapore: World Scientific, p. 416, Bibcode:2017mvas.book..411S, doi:10.1142/9789813144873_0022, ISBN 978-981-314-486-6, retrieved 2024-03-04
- Schopper, Herwig; Gillies, James (2024), Schopper, Herwig; Gillies, James (eds.), "From Science to Science Diplomacy. See section "IUPAP Looks into the Role of Women in Physics"", Herwig Schopper: Scientist and Diplomat in a Changing World, Springer Biographies, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 175–176, doi:10.1007/978-3-031-51042-7_8, ISBN 978-3-031-51042-7
- iupap (2021-02-26). "Early Career Scientist Prizes - IUPAP: The International Union of Pure and Applied Physics". Retrieved 2023-10-21.
- "History of Membership | IUPAP: The International Union of Pure and Applied Physics". iupap.org. Retrieved 2019-03-26.
- "History of Membership | IUPAP: The International Union of Pure and Applied Physics". iupap.org. Retrieved 2020-04-19.
- Wheeler, John A. (1951). "7th IUPAP Assembly". Physics Today. 4 (11): 30–33. Bibcode:1951PhT.....4k..30W. doi:10.1063/1.3067089. ISSN 0031-9228.
- Slater, J. C. (1952). "IUPAP Executive Committee". Physics Today. 5 (9): 32–33. Bibcode:1952PhT.....5i..32S. doi:10.1063/1.3067746. ISSN 0031-9228.
- Wheeler, John A. (1954). "IUPAP Assembly". Physics Today. 7 (9): 28–29. Bibcode:1954PhT.....7i..28W. doi:10.1063/1.3061774. ISSN 0031-9228.
- "IUPAP 9th General Assembly". Physics Today. 11 (1): 46–47. 1958. Bibcode:1958PhT....11a..46.. doi:10.1063/1.3062393. ISSN 0031-9228.
- Mayer, Meinhard E. (1979). "Dmitrii Ivanovich Blokhintsev". Physics Today. 32 (7): 62–63. Bibcode:1979PhT....32g..62M. doi:10.1063/1.2995633. ISSN 0031-9228.
- "New honorary fellow". Physics Bulletin. 30 (4): 141. 1979. doi:10.1088/0031-9112/30/4/003. ISSN 0031-9112.
- Butterworth, Ian (2001). "Sir Clifford Charles Butler. 20 May 1922 – 30 June 1999". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 47: 39–54. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2001.0003. ISSN 0080-4606. S2CID 71004018.
- "IUPAP chooses new officers". Physics Today. 32 (6): 79. 1979. doi:10.1063/1.2995605. ISSN 0031-9228.
- Sweet, William (1985). "IUPAP President Bromley Worries About "Isolation" of US Physicists". Physics Today. 38 (4): 79. Bibcode:1985PhT....38R..79S. doi:10.1063/1.2814526. ISSN 0031-9228.
- Duckworth, Henry E. (2000-10-12). One version of the facts: My life in the ivory tower. Winnipeg, MB: Univ. of Manitoba Press. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-88755-352-3.
- Alferov, Zhores I; Andreev, Aleksandr F; Borovik-Romanov, A S; Vaĭnshteĭn, B K; Gantmakher, Vsevolod F; Keldysh, Leonid V; Nikitenko, V I; Ponyatovskiĭ, E G; Timofeev, Vladislav B; Khalatnikov, I M; Shekhtman, V Sh; Shchegolev, I F (1991). "Yuriĭ Andreevich Osip'yan (on his sixtieth birthday)". Soviet Physics Uspekhi. 34 (2): 202–203. doi:10.1070/PU1991v034n02ABEH002340. ISSN 0038-5670.
- Sakai, Norisuke (2017). "Yoshio Yamaguchi". Physics Today. 70 (7): 72. Bibcode:2017PhT....70g..72S. doi:10.1063/PT.3.3636. ISSN 0031-9228.
- Feder, Toni (1996). "IUPAP General Assembly Held in Sweden". Physics Today. 49 (11): 74. doi:10.1063/1.881552. ISSN 0031-9228.
- "In Memoriam: Jan S. Nilsson, 1932 - 2010". ICTP. 2010-06-16. Archived from the original on 2019-10-14. Retrieved 2019-10-14.
- "IUPAP Elects New Officers". Physics Today. 52 (7): 48. 1999. Bibcode:1999PhT....52R..48.. doi:10.1063/1.882721. ISSN 0031-9228.
- Richter*, B. (1999). "Megascience Forum: Valuable from IUPAP's Perspective". Science. 286 (5442): 1089b–1089. doi:10.1126/science.286.5442.1089b. ISSN 0036-8075. S2CID 153748589.
- van Oers, Willem T. H.; Crabb, Donald G.; Prok, Yelena; Poelker, Matt; Liuti, Simonetta; Day, Donal B.; Zheng, Xiaochao (2009). "Introductory Remarks on Behalf of IUPAP". AIP Conference Proceedings. 1149 (1): 3–8. Bibcode:2009AIPC.1149....3V. doi:10.1063/1.3215675.
- ^ McKellar, Bruce H. J. (2017). "Commentary: International Union of Pure and Applied Physics and you". Physics Today. 70 (10): 10–11. Bibcode:2017PhT....70j..10M. doi:10.1063/PT.3.3707. ISSN 0031-9228.
- "NEWS". Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter. 01 (1): 4–12. 2012. doi:10.1142/S2251158X12000021. ISSN 2251-158X.
- "Spiro appointed IUPAP president". CERN Courier. 2019-11-13. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
- Lalli, Roberto; Navarro, Jaume (2024-09-19). "When physicists strove for peace: past lessons for our uncertain times". Nature. 633 (8030): 515–517. doi:10.1038/d41586-024-02997-z. ISSN 0028-0836.
- Nakada, Tatsuya. "IUPAP Statement on the events occurring in Ukraine | ILC Newsline". Retrieved 2024-03-25.
- Chetty, Nithaya. "Scientific diplomacy and cooperation in this time of war". University World News. Retrieved 2024-03-25.
- Altarelli, Monica Pepe; Vigen, Jens (2022-11-08). "100 years of international collaboration in physics". CERN Courier. Retrieved 2024-03-25.
- "Principles and policies for international scientific collaboration". American Physical Society. Retrieved 2024-03-25.
- "IUPAP celebrates a century and strives to meet new challenges". Physics Today. 2022 (4): 0803a. 2022-08-03. doi:10.1063/PT.6.4.20220803a.
- "Adherence to IUPAP policies". ICAP 28. Retrieved 2024-03-25.
- "Use of IUPAP affiliation in academic papers" (PDF). IUPAP position papers, statements and declarations. 9 October 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- Albrecht, M.; Ali, A.; Barone, M.; Brentjes, S.; Bona, M.; Ellis, J.; Glazov, A.; Jung, H.; Mangano, M.; Neuneck, G.; Raicevic, N.; Scheffran, J.; Spiro, M.; van Mechelen, P.; Vigen, J. (2023). "Beyond a Year of Sanctions in Science". arXiv:2311.02141 .
External links
Categories:- Members of the International Council for Science
- International scientific organizations
- International organisations based in Switzerland
- Physics organizations
- International learned societies
- Scientific organizations established in 1922
- Members of the International Science Council
- Organisations based in Geneva