Misplaced Pages

Human body weight

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
(Redirected from Ideal body weight) Person's mass or weight
Part of a series on
Human body weight
General concepts
Medical concepts
Measurements
Related conditions
Obesity-associated morbidity
Management of obesity
Social aspects

Human body weight is a person's mass or weight.

Strictly speaking, body weight is the measurement of mass without items located on the person. Practically though, body weight may be measured with clothes on, but without shoes or heavy accessories such as mobile phones and wallets, and using manual or digital weighing scales. Excess or reduced body weight is regarded as an indicator of determining a person's health, with body volume measurement providing an extra dimension by calculating the distribution of body weight.

Average adult human weight varies by continent, from about 60 kg (130 lb) in Asia and Africa to about 80 kg (180 lb) in North America, with men on average weighing more than women.

Estimation in children

An example of a half unfolded Broselow tape

There are a number of methods to estimate weight in children for circumstances (such as emergencies) when actual weight cannot be measured. Most involve a parent or health care provider guessing the child's weight through weight-estimation formulas. These formulas base their findings on the child's age and tape-based systems of weight estimation. Of the many formulas that have been used for estimating body weight, some include the Advanced Pediatric Life Support formula, the Leffler formula, and Theron formula. There are also several types of tape-based systems for estimating children's weight, with the best-known being the Broselow tape. The Broselow tape is based on length with weight read from the appropriate color area. Newer systems, such as the PAWPER tape, make use of a simple two-step process to estimate weight: the length-based weight estimation is modified according to the child's body habitus to increase the accuracy of the final weight prediction.

The Leffler formula is used for children 0–10 years of age. In those less than a year old, it is

m = 1 2 a m + 4 {\displaystyle m={\tfrac {1}{2}}a_{m}+4}

and for those 1–10 years old, it is

m = 2 a y + 10 {\displaystyle m=2a_{y}+10}

where m is the number of kilograms the child weighs and am and ay respectively are the number of months or years old the child is.

The Theron formula is

m = e 0.175571 a y + 2.197099 {\displaystyle m=e^{0.175571a_{y}+2.197099}}

where m and ay are as above.

Fluctuation

Body weight varies in small amounts throughout the day, as the amount of water in the body is not constant. It changes due to activities such as drinking, urinating, or exercise. Professional sports participants may deliberately dehydrate themselves to enter a lower weight class, a practice known as weight cutting.

Ideal body weight

Ideal body weight (IBW) was initially introduced by Ben J. Devine in 1974 to allow estimation of drug clearances in obese patients; researchers have since shown that the metabolism of certain drugs relates more to IBW than total body weight. The term was based on the use of insurance data that demonstrated the relative mortality for males and females according to different height-weight combinations.

The most common estimation of IBW is by the Devine formula; other models exist and have been noted to give similar results. Other methods used in estimating the ideal body weight are body mass index and the Hamwi method. The IBW is not the perfect fat measurement, as it does not show the fat or muscle percentage in one's body. For example, athletes' results may show that they are overweight when they are actually very fit and healthy. Machines like the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry can accurately measure the percentage and weight of fat, muscle, and bone in a body.

Devine formula

The Devine formula for calculating ideal body weight in adults is as follows:

  • Male ideal body weight = 50 kilograms (110 lb) + 0.9 kilograms (2.0 lb) × (height (cm) − 152)
  • Female ideal body weight = 45.5 kilograms (100 lb) + 0.9 kilograms (2.0 lb) × (height (cm) − 152)

Hamwi method

The Hamwi method is used to calculate the ideal body weight of the general adult:

  • Male ideal body weight = 48 kilograms (106 lb) + 1.1 kilograms (2.4 lb) × (height (cm) − 152)
  • Female ideal body weight = 45.4 kilograms (100 lb) + 0.9 kilograms (2.0 lb) × (height (cm) − 152)

Usage

Sports

Many disciplines in weightlifting or combat sports separate competitors into weight classes.

Medicine

Ideal body weight, specifically the Devine formula, is used clinically for multiple reasons, most commonly in estimating renal function in drug dosing, and predicting pharmacokinetics in morbidly obese patients.

Average weight around the world

By region

Data from 2005:

Region Adult
population
(millions)
Average weight %
Overweight
Ref
Africa 535 60.7 kg (133.8 lb) 28.9%
Asia 2,815 57.7 kg (127.2 lb) 24.2%
Europe 606 70.8 kg (156.1 lb) 55.6%
Latin America and
the Caribbean
386 67.9 kg (149.7 lb) 57.9%
North America 263 80.7 kg (177.9 lb) 73.9%
Oceania 24 74.1 kg (163.4 lb) 63.3%
World 4,630 62.0 kg (136.7 lb) 34.7%

By country

Country Average male weight Average female weight Sample population /
age range
Method Year Ref
 Afghanistan 69.2 kg (152.6 lb) 62.6 kg (138.0 lb) 18–69 Measured 2018
 Algeria 68.7 kg (151.5 lb) 65.1 kg (143.5 lb) 25–64 Measured 2005
 Armenia 74.6 kg (164.5 lb) 66.4 kg (146.4 lb) 18–69 Measured 2016
 Australia 87.0 kg (191.8 lb) 71.8 kg (158.3 lb) 18+ Measured 2018
 Azerbaijan 72.1 kg (159.0 lb) 65.7 kg (144.8 lb) 16+ Measured 2005
 Bangladesh 55.2 kg (121.7 lb) 49.8 kg (109.8 lb) 25+ Measured 2009–2010
 Belarus 69 kg (152.1 lb) 56 kg (123.5 lb) 18+ Measured 2008
 Belize 74.2 kg (163.6 lb) 70.5 kg (155.4 lb) 20+ Measured 2010
 Benin 63.7 kg (140.4 lb) 60.9 kg (134.3 lb) 18–69 Measured 2015
 Bhutan 63.2 kg (139.3 lb) 57.4 kg (126.5 lb) 18–69 Measured 2014
 Botswana 63.6 kg (140.2 lb) 64.3 kg (141.8 lb) 15–69 Measured 2014
 Brazil 72.7 kg (160.3 lb) 62.5 kg (137.8 lb) 20–74 Measured 2008–2009
 Brunei 74.1 kg (163.4 lb) 62.9 kg (138.7 lb) 19+ Measured 2010–2011
 Bulgaria 76.9 kg (169.5 lb) 69.1 kg (152.3 lb) 21-59 Self-reported 2021
 Burkina Faso 65.2 kg (143.7 lb) 59.0 kg (130.1 lb) 25–64 Measured 2013
 Cambodia 56.8 kg (125.2 lb) 50.8 kg (112.0 lb) 25–64 Measured 2010
 Cameroon 68.3 kg (150.6 lb) 67.0 kg (147.7 lb) 15+ Measured 2003
 Canada 84.6 kg (187 lb) 70.1 kg (155 lb) 18–79 Measured 2007–2009
 Chile 77.3 kg (170.4 lb) 67.5 kg (148.8 lb) 15+ Measured 2009–2010
 Costa Rica - San José 76.6 kg (168.9 lb) 64.9 kg (143.1 lb) 20+ Measured 2010
 Czech Republic 92.1 kg (203.0 lb) 73.8 kg (162.7 lb) 25–64 Measured 2016–2017
 Estonia 84.4 kg (186.1 lb) 71.2 kg (157.0 lb) 18+ Measured 2003–2010
 France 77.1 kg (170 lb) 62.7 kg (138 lb) 15+ Measured 2005
 Georgia 84.4 kg (186.1 lb) 73.6 kg (162.3 lb) 18–69 Measured 2016
 Germany 85.9 kg (189.4 lb) 69.2 kg (152.6 lb) 18+ Self-reported 2021
 India 65.0 kg (143.3 lb) 55.0 kg (121.3 lb) 16+ Measured 2020
 Norway 86.6 kg (190.9 lb) 71.6 kg (157.9 lb) 18+ Self-reported 2020
 Oman 74.9 kg (165.1 lb) 68.1 kg (150.1 lb) 18+ Measured 2017
 Pakistan 66.0 kg (145.5 lb) 59.0 kg (130.1 lb) 18–69 Measured 2013–2014
 Papua New Guinea 62.5 kg (137.8 lb) 56.8 kg (125.2 lb) 15–64 Measured 2007–2008
 Qatar 84.6 kg (186.5 lb) 73.4 kg (161.8 lb) 18–64 Measured 2012
 Russia 70.6 kg (155.6 lb) 60.2 kg (132.7 lb) 19+ Measured 2018
 Rwanda 58.4 kg (128.7 lb) 55.9 kg (123.2 lb) 15–64 Measured 2012–2013
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 84.5 kg (186.3 lb) 83.0 kg (183.0 lb) 25–64 Measured 2007–2008
 Saudi Arabia 77.3 kg (170.4 lb) 71.7 kg (158.1 lb) 25–64 Measured 2005
 Serbia 84.6 kg (186.5 lb) 70.0 kg (154.3 lb) 20+ Measured 2013
 Sierra Leone 62.0 kg (136.7 lb) 59.0 kg (130.1 lb) 25–64 Measured 2009
 Solomon Islands 75.3 kg (166.0 lb) 70.4 kg (155.2 lb) 25–64 Measured 2006
 South Korea 73.34 kg (161.7 lb) 58.29 kg (128.5 lb) 18+ Measured 2019
 Spain 82.4 kg (181.7 lb) 66.6 kg (146.8 lb) 18–64 Measured 2013
 Sri Lanka 61.4 kg (135.4 lb) 54.6 kg (120.4 lb) 18–69 Measured 2014–2015
 Sudan 65.4 kg (144.2 lb) 61.6 kg (135.8 lb) 18–69 Measured 2016
 Sweden 81.9 kg (180.6 lb) 66.7 kg (147.0 lb) 16–84 Measured 2003–2004
 Togo 63.2 kg (139.3 lb) 60.0 kg (132.3 lb) 15–64 Measured 2010
 Tonga 99.4 kg (219.1 lb) 97.7 kg (215.4 lb) 25–64 Measured 2012
 Trinidad and Tobago 76.7 kg (169.1 lb) 71.1 kg (156.7 lb) 15–64 Measured 2011
 Turkey 78.0 kg (172.0 lb) 70.1 kg (154.5 lb) 15+ Measured 2017
 Turkmenistan 76.6 kg (168.9 lb) 67.4 kg (148.6 lb) 18–69 Measured 2018
 United KingdomEngland 85.4 kg (188.3 lb) 72.1 kg (159.0 lb) 16+ Measured 2019
 United KingdomWales 84.0 kg (185.2 lb) 69.0 kg (152.1 lb) 16+ Measured 2009
 Ukraine 80.0 kg (176.4 lb) 71.0 kg (156.5 lb) 18+ Measured 2020
 United States 90.6 kg (199.7 lb) 77.5 kg (170.9 lb) 20+ Measured 2015–2018

Global statistics

Researchers at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine published a study of average weights of adult humans in the journal BMC Public Health and at the United Nations conference Rio+20.

Rank Country Kilograms Pounds Relative size
1 Micronesia 87.398 192.68 192.68 
2 Tonga 87.344 192.56 192.56 
3 United States 81.928 180.62 180.62 
4 Samoa 78.544 173.16 173.16 
5 Kuwait 77.791 171.50 171.5 
6 Australia 77.356 170.54 170.54 
7 Malta 76.956 169.66 169.66 
8 Qatar 76.866 169.46 169.46 
9 Croatia 76.412 168.46 168.46 
10 United Kingdom 75.795 167.10 167.1 
11 UAE 75.532 166.52 166.52 
12 Greece 75.038 165.43 165.43 
13 Cyprus 74.802 164.91 164.91 
14 Egypt 74.271 163.74 163.74 
15 Barbados 73.831 162.77 162.77 
16 Belarus 73.663 162.40 162.4 
17 Bahrain 73.550 162.15 162.15 
18 Germany 73.042 161.03 161.03 
19 Solomon Islands 72.797 160.49 160.49 
20 Austria 72.743 160.37 160.37 
21 Saudi Arabia 72.638 160.14 160.14 
22 Iceland 72.584 160.02 160.02 
23 Trinidad & Tobago 72.538 159.92 159.92 
24 Argentina 72.434 159.69 159.69 
25 Bahamas 72.380 159.57 159.57 
26 Finland 72.348 159.50 159.5 
27 Israel 71.912 158.54 158.54 
28 Czech Rep. 71.640 157.94 157.94 
29 New Zealand 71.631 157.92 157.92 
30 Bulgaria 71.459 157.54 157.54 
31 Russia 71.418 157.45 157.45 
32 Slovenia 71.200 156.97 156.97 
33 Slovakia 71.060 156.66 156.66 
34 Albania 71.019 156.57 156.57 
35 Bosnia 71.001 156.53 156.53 
36 Switzerland 70.987 156.50 156.5 
37 Rep. of Moldova 70.978 156.48 156.48 
38 Venezuela 70.788 156.06 156.06 
39 Chile 70.593 155.63 155.63 
40 Georgia 70.561 155.56 155.56 
41 Spain 70.556 155.55 155.55 
42 Azerbaijan 70.484 155.39 155.39 
43 Hungary 70.443 155.30 155.3 
44 Libya 70.429 155.27 155.27 
45 Luxembourg 70.270 154.92 154.92 
46 Tajikistan 70.234 154.84 154.84 
47 Portugal 70.193 154.75 154.75 
48 Lithuania 70.153 154.66 154.66 
49 Grenada 70.139 154.63 154.63 
50 Panama 69.939 154.19 154.19 
51 Ireland 69.926 154.16 154.16 
52 Canada 69.767 153.81 153.81 
53 Jordan 69.649 153.55 153.55 
54 St Vincent & Grenadines 69.590 153.42 153.42 
55 Belize 69.377 152.95 152.95 
56 Poland 69.241 152.65 152.65 
57 Macedonia 69.209 152.58 152.58 
58 Italy 69.205 152.57 152.57 
59 Jamaica 69.064 152.26 152.26 
60 Sweden 69.064 152.26 152.26 
61 Turkey 69.046 152.22 152.22 
62 Cuba 69.037 152.20 152.2 
63 Mexico 69.023 152.17 152.17 
64 Mongolia 68.910 151.92 151.92 
65 Uruguay 68.873 151.84 151.84 
66 Belgium 68.801 151.68 151.68 
67 Suriname 68.778 151.63 151.63 
68 Latvia 68.778 151.63 151.63 
69 Norway 68.774 151.62 151.62 
70 Netherlands 68.746 151.56 151.56 
71 Ukraine 68.674 151.40 151.4 
72 Guatemala 68.579 151.19 151.19 
73 Saint Lucia 68.438 150.88 150.88 
74 Armenia 68.424 150.85 150.85 
75 Nicaragua 68.415 150.83 150.83 
76 Vanuatu 68.229 150.42 150.42 
77 El Salvador 68.220 150.40 150.4 
78 Lebanon 68.170 150.29 150.29 
79 Ecuador 68.166 150.28 150.28 
80 Fiji 68.048 150.02 150.02 
81 Bolivia 68.034 149.99 149.99 
82 Dominican Rep. 67.993 149.90 149.9 
83 Denmark 67.957 149.82 149.82 
84 Costa Rica 67.853 149.59 149.59 
85 Tunisia 67.726 149.31 149.31 
86 Iran 67.608 149.05 149.05 
87 Turkmenistan 67.563 148.95 148.95 
88 Paraguay 67.445 148.69 148.69 
89 Peru 67.440 148.68 148.68 
90 Syria 67.422 148.64 148.64 
91 Guyana 67.032 147.78 147.78 
92 France 66.782 147.23 147.23 
93 Estonia 66.732 147.12 147.12 
94 Equatorial Guinea 66.451 146.50 146.5 
95 Romania 66.401 146.39 146.39 
96 Colombia 66.370 146.32 146.32 
97 Uzbekistan 66.351 146.28 146.28 
98 Kazakhstan 66.265 146.09 146.09 
99 Brazil 66.093 145.71 145.71 
100 Mauritius 66.052 145.62 145.62 
101 Iraq 66.034 145.58 145.58 
102 Lesotho 65.966 145.43 145.43 
103 Honduras 65.834 145.14 145.14 
104 Oman 65.803 145.07 145.07 
105 South Africa 65.667 144.77 144.77 
106 Kyrgyzstan 65.413 144.21 144.21 
107 Botswana 65.045 143.40 143.4 
108 Cameroon 64.832 142.93 142.93 
109 Morocco 64.764 142.78 142.78 
110 South Korea 64.392 141.96 141.96 
111 Mauritania 64.179 141.49 141.49 
112 Algeria 63.639 140.30 140.3 
113 Gabon 62.845 138.55 138.55 
114 Ghana 62.491 137.77 137.77 
115 Cape Verde 62.296 137.34 137.34 
116 Papua New Guinea 62.251 137.24 137.24 
117 Eswatini 62.097 136.90 136.9 
118 Djibouti 62.015 136.72 136.72 
119 Haiti 61.698 136.02 136.02 
120 Comoros 61.044 134.58 134.58 
121 Zimbabwe 61.022 134.53 134.53 
122 Brunei 60.945 134.36 134.36 
123 Sierra Leone 60.854 134.16 134.16 
124 Nigeria 60.745 133.92 133.92 
125 Malaysia 60.682 133.78 133.78 
126 China 60.555 133.50 133.5 
127 Angola 60.387 133.13 133.13 
128 Senegal 60.373 133.10 133.1 
129 Benin 60.282 132.90 132.9 
130 Mali 60.078 132.45 132.45 
131 Yemen 59.802 131.84 131.84 
132 Philippines 59.715 131.65 131.65 
133 Namibia 59.584 131.36 131.36 
134 Sudan 59.407 130.97 130.97 
135 Togo 59.280 130.69 130.69 
136 Guinea 59.112 130.32 130.32 
137 Japan 59.017 130.11 130.11 
138 Pakistan 58.976 130.02 130.02 
139 Singapore 58.935 129.93 129.93 
140 Thailand 58.786 129.60 129.6 
141 Côte d'Ivoire 58.727 129.47 129.47 
142 Laos 58.436 128.83 128.83 
143 Chad 58.196 128.30 128.3 
144 Niger 57.933 127.72 127.72 
145 Maldives 57.647 127.09 127.09 
146 São Tomé and Príncipe 57.561 126.90 126.9 
147 Burkina Faso 57.456 126.67 126.67 
148 Congo 57.384 126.51 126.51 
149 Tanzania 57.293 126.31 126.31 
150 Gambia 57.071 125.82 125.82 
151 Uganda 57.007 125.68 125.68 
152 Afghanistan 56.935 125.52 125.52 
153 Malawi 56.681 124.96 124.96 
154 Rwanda 56.635 124.86 124.86 
155 Myanmar 56.354 124.24 124.24 
156 Kenya 56.264 124.04 124.04 
157 Guinea-Bissau 56.087 123.65 123.65 
158 Mozambique 55.955 123.36 123.36 
159 Central African Rep. 55.946 123.34 123.34 
160 Zambia 55.910 123.26 123.26 
161 Cambodia 55.742 122.89 122.89 
162 Liberia 55.533 122.43 122.43 
163 Somalia 55.375 122.08 122.08 
164 Madagascar 55.157 121.60 121.6 
165 Burundi 54.127 119.33 119.33 
166 Congo 53.501 117.95 117.95 
167 Ethiopia 53.057 116.97 116.97 
168 India 52.943 116.72 116.72 
169 North Korea 52.589 115.94 115.94 
170 Indonesia 52.467 115.67 115.67 
171 Eritrea 52.041 114.73 114.73 
172 Timor-Leste 51.950 114.53 114.53 
173 Bhutan 51.142 112.75 112.75 
174 Vietnam 50.725 111.83 111.83 
175 Nepal 50.476 111.28 111.28 
176 Sri Lanka 50.421 111.16 111.16 
177 Bangladesh 49.591 109.33 109.33 
world average 61.997 136.68 136.68 

See also

References

  1. ^ So TY, Farrington E, Absher RK (June 2009). "Evaluation of the accuracy of different methods used to estimate weights in the pediatric population". Pediatrics. 123 (6): e1045–51. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-1968. PMID 19482737. S2CID 6009482.
  2. Lubitz, Deborah; Seidel, JS; Chameides, L; Luten, RC; Zaritsky, AL; Campbell, FW (1988). "A rapid method for estimating weight and resuscitation drug dosages from length in the pediatric age group". Ann Emerg Med. 17 (6): 576–81. doi:10.1016/S0196-0644(88)80396-2. PMID 3377285.
  3. Wells, Mike (2011). "Clinical: The PAWPER Tape". Sanguine. 1 (2). Retrieved 13 June 2013.
  4. Smith, Jessica (16 May 2013). "Stop Hating the Scale". Shape Magazine. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
  5. Lee, Orion (4 August 2013). "Making Weight: Why Fighters Cut Weight and 3 Tips for Doing It". Breaking Muscle. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
  6. McCarron, Margaret M.; Devine, Ben J. (1 November 1974). "Clinical Pharmacy: Case Studies: Case Number 25 Gentamicin Therapy". Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 8 (11): 650–5. doi:10.1177/106002807400801104. S2CID 80397846.
  7. ^ Pai, Manjunath P; Paloucek, Frank P (September 2000). "The Origin of the "Ideal" Body Weight Equations". The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 34 (9): 1066–1069. doi:10.1345/aph.19381. PMID 10981254. S2CID 6213850.
  8. Bartlett, Stephen; Marian, Mary; Taren, Douglas; Muramoto, Myra L. (30 November 1997). Geriatric Nutrition Handbook. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 15. ISBN 978-0412136412.
  9. Jones, Graham RD (2011). "Estimating Renal Function for Drug Dosing Decisions". The Clinical Biochemist Reviews. 32 (2): 81–88. PMC 3100285. PMID 21611081.
  10. van Kraligen, S; van de Garde, EMW; Knibbe, CAJ; Diepstraten, J; Wiezer, MJ; van Ramshorst, B; Dongen, EPA (2011). "Comparative evaluation of atracurium dosed on ideal body weight vs. total body weight in morbidly obese patients". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 71 (1): 34–40. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03803.x. PMC 3018024. PMID 21143499.
  11. ^ Walpole, Sarah C; Prieto-Merino, David; Edwards, Phil; Cleland, John; Stevens, Gretchen; Roberts, Ian; et al. (18 June 2012). "The weight of nations: an estimation of adult human biomass". BMC Public Health. 12 (1). BMC Public Health 2012, 12:439: 439. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-439. PMC 3408371. PMID 22709383.
  12. "Afghanistan - STEPS 2018, National Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Survey". World Health Organization. 2018. p. 40. AFG_2018_STEPS_v01.
  13. "Algeria STEPS Survey 2002" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2005. p. 70.
  14. "Prevalence of noncommunicable disease risk factors in the Republic of Armenia, STEPS National Survey 2016" (PDF). National Institute of Health. 2018. p. 167.
  15. "National Health Survey: First results, Body Mass Index, waist circumference, height and weight - Australia". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2018.
  16. "Azerbaijan State Statistics Committee, 2005". Today.az. 7 May 2005. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
  17. "Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Survey Bangladesh" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2010. p. 120.
  18. Отдел антропологии и экологии Института истории НАН Беларуси (21 September 2012). "Чем отличаются "вчерашние" белорусы от "сегодняшних"?". news.tut.by. Archived from the original on 11 June 2020. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  19. "The Central America Diabetes Initiative (CAMDI), Survey of Diabetes, Hypertension and Chronic Disease Risk Factors" (PDF). Pan American Health Organization. 2011. pp. 25–26, 61.
  20. "Rapport final de l'enquête pour la surveillance des facteurs de risque des maladies non transmissibles par l'approche STEPSwise de l'OMS ENQUETE STEPS 2015 au Bénin" (PDF). World Health Organization (in French). 2016. p. 90.
  21. "National survey for noncommunicable disease risk factors and mental health using WHO STEPS approach in Bhutan" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2014. p. 103.
  22. "Botswana STEPS survey report on non-communicable disease risk factors" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2014. p. 94.
  23. Do G1, em São Paulo (27 August 2010). "G1 - Metade dos adultos brasileiros está acima do peso, segundo IBGE - notícias em Brasil". G1.globo.com. Retrieved 13 July 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  24. "The 2nd National Health and Nutritional Status Survey (NHANSS)" (PDF). Ministry of Health Brunei Darussalam. 2014. p. 59.
  25. Bilgarian Academy of Sciences (2021). Енциклопедия България. Книгомания. ISBN 9786191952946.
  26. "Rapport de L'enquete Nationale sur la prevalence des principaux facteurs de risques communs aux maldies non transmissibles au Burkina Faso" (PDF). World Health Organization (in French). 2014. p. 38.
  27. "Prevalence of Non-communicable Disease Risk Factors in Cambodia" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2010. p. 157.
  28. Kamadjeu, Raoul M; Edwards, Richard; Atanga, Joseph S; Kiawi, Emmanuel C; Unwin, Nigel; Mbanya, Jean-Claude (December 2006). "Anthropometry measures and prevalence of obesity in the urban adult population of Cameroon: an update from the Cameroon Burden of Diabetes Baseline Survey". BMC Public Health. 6 (1): 228. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-228. ISSN 1471-2458. PMC 1579217. PMID 16970806.
  29. Shields, Margot; Connor Gorber, Sarah; Janssen, Ian; Tremblay, Mark S. (November 2011). "Bias in self-reported estimates of obesity in Canadian health surveys: an update on correction equations for adults". Health Reports. 22 (3): 35–45. ISSN 0840-6529. PMID 22106788.
  30. Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2009–2010 Archived 12 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine (p. 81)
  31. "The Central America Diabetes Initiative (CAMDI), Survey of Diabetes, Hypertension and Chronic Disease Risk Factors" (PDF). Pan American Health Organization. 2011. pp. 25–26, 61.
  32. Cífková, Renata; Bruthans, Jan; Wohlfahrt, Peter; Krajčoviechová, Alena; Šulc, Pavel; Jozífová, Marie; Eremiášová, Lenka; Pudil, Jan; Linhart, Aleš; Widimský, Jiří; Filipovský, Jan (11 May 2020). Shimosawa, Tatsuo (ed.). "30-year trends in major cardiovascular risk factors in the Czech population, Czech MONICA and Czech post-MONICA, 1985 – 2016/17". PLOS ONE. 15 (5): e0232845. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1532845C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0232845. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7213700. PMID 32392239.
  33. "Cohort Profile: Estonian Biobank of the Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu". International Journal of Epidemiology. 44: 1142.
  34. "Commission européenne, Eurobaromètre EB64.3 - calculs SPF Économie Direction générale Statistique et Information économique". Archived from the original on 8 May 2009. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  35. "Non-communicable diseases risk-factor steps survey, Georgia, 2016. Executive summary" (PDF). World Health Organization.
  36. Statistisches Bundesamt. "Körpermaße nach Altersgruppen und Geschlecht" (in German). Statistisches Bundesamt. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  37. "Summary of RDA for Indians - 2020, p. 7" (PDF). nin.res.in.
  38. "Resultater fra Den nasjonale folkehelseundersøkelsen 2020" (PDF). Norwegian Institute of Public Health. p. 7.
  39. "WHO STEPS Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factor Surveillance, Data Book For Oman" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2017. p. 65.
  40. Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors Survey Pakistan. Pakistan Health Research Council 2016 (PDF). World Health Organization. 2016. p. 25. ISBN 9789694990088.
  41. "Papua New Guinea NCD Risk Factors STEPS Report" (PDF). World Health Organization. February 2014. p. 43.
  42. "Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance: Qatar STEPS Report 2012. The Supreme Council of Health. Qatar" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2013. p. 53.
  43. Martinchik, A N; Laikam, K E; Kozyreva, N A; Keshabyants, E E; Mikhailov, N A; Baturin, A K; Smirnova, E A (2021). "Распространение ожирения в различных социально-демографических группах населения России" [The prevalence of obesity in various socio-demographic groups of the population of Russia]. Вопросы питания. 90 (3): 67–76. doi:10.33029/0042-8833-2021-90-3-67-76. PMID 34264558. S2CID 235907158. Retrieved 16 January 2022. The body weight and height of respondents with a BMI of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 can be considered as the average normal body weight and height of the adult population in Russia, which amounted to 70.6 kg and 175.4 cm for men, and 60.2 kg and 164 cm for women, respectively.
  44. "Rwanda Non-communicable Diseases Risk Factors Report" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2015. p. 81.
  45. "2008 STEPwise Approach to Chronic Disease Risk Factor Survey Report" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2008.
  46. "WHO STEPwise Approach to NCD Surveillance, Country-Specific Standart Report, Saudi Arabia 2005" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2005. p. 40.
  47. Maksimović, Miloš Ž; Gudelj Rakić, Jelena M.; Vlajinac, Hristina D.; Vasiljević, Nadja D.; Nikić, Marina I.; Marinković, Jelena M. (2016). "Comparison of different anthropometric measures in the adult population in Serbia as indicators of obesity: data from the National Health Survey 2013". Public Health Nutrition. 19 (12): 2246–2255. doi:10.1017/S1368980016000161. ISSN 1475-2727. PMC 10270894. PMID 26865391.
  48. "The prevalence of the common risk factors of non-communicable diseases in Sierra Leone" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2009. p. 12, 34.
  49. "Solomon Islands NCD Risk Factors STEPS Report" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2010. p. 43.
  50. "시도별 성별 연령별 평균 체중 분포 현황 : 일반" (in Korean). KOSIS – Korean Statistical Information Service. 23 December 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  51. López-Sobaler, Ana M.; Aparicio, Aránzazu; Aranceta-Bartrina, Javier; Gil, Ángel; González-Gross, Marcela; Serra-Majem, Lluis; Varela-Moreiras, Gregorio; Ortega, Rosa M. (2016). "Overweight and General and Abdominal Obesity in a Representative Sample of Spanish Adults: Findings from the ANIBES Study". BioMed Research International. 2016: 1–11. doi:10.1155/2016/8341487. ISSN 2314-6133. PMC 4921130. PMID 27382572.
  52. "Non Communicable Disease Risk Factor Survey Sri Lanka" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2015. p. 81.
  53. "Sudan STEPwise survey for non-communicable diseases risk factors 2016 report" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2016. p. 73.
  54. "6 kilo mer man och 4 kilo mer kvinna" (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  55. "Rapport final de l'enquête STEPS Togo 2010, Togo STEPS survey report" (PDF). World Health Organization (in French). 2012. p. 61.
  56. "Kingdom of Tonga NCD Risk Factors STEPS Report" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2014. p. 122.
  57. "Panamerican STEPS chronic non-communicable disease risk factor survey" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2012. p. 99.
  58. "National household health survey in Turkey prevalence of noncommunicable disease risk factors 2017" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2018. pp. 28, 78.
  59. ""Распространненость факторов риска неинфекционных заболеваний в Туркменистане STEPS 2018"" (PDF). World Health Organization (in Russian). 2018. p. 62.
  60. "Health Survey for England 2019 Overweight and obesity in adults and children" (PDF). Nhs.uk. 15 September 2010.
  61. "The Welsh Health Survey 2009, p. 58" (PDF). Wales.gov.uk. 15 September 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 September 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
  62. "Social and Demographic Characteristics of Households of Ukraine" (PDF). State Statistics Service of Ukraine.
  63. "Anthropometric Reference Data for Children and Adults: United States, 2015–2018" (PDF). Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  64. Data extracted from "The world's fattest countries: how do you compare?". The Daily Telegraph. 21 June 2012. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2016.

External links

Categories: