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IgM nephropathy

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Medical condition
IgM nephropathy
Other namesimmunoglobulin M nephropathy (IgMN)
Antibody type IgM scheme. Blue - heavy chains, Yellow — light chains, Dark yellow/blue — variable regions (ends are binding sites), Light yellow/blue — constant regions, Green — disulfide bridges, Black — J chain
SpecialtyNephrology

IgM nephropathy or immunoglobulin M nephropathy (IgMN) is a kind of idiopathic glomerulonephritis that is marked by IgM diffuse deposits in the glomerular mesangium. IgM nephropathy was initially documented in 1978 by two separate teams of researchers.

Signs and symptoms

Young adults or children with IgM nephropathy typically exhibit proteinuria or hematuria. In people with IgMN, proteinuria can vary from nephrotic syndrome to asymptomatic proteinuria.

Causes

The cause of IgM nephropathy is unknown. Several systemic illnesses, including paraproteinemia, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and Alport's syndrome, can cause IgM deposits in the glomeruli.

Mechanism

It is yet unknown how IgM nephropathy develops, however it has been proposed that aberrant T-cell activity or a disruption in mesangial cell immunoaggregate clearance may be involved. Several investigations have found that patients with IgM nephropathy have higher blood IgM or IgM immunocomplex concentrations, which would provide support to the previously indicated idea.

Diagnosis

Light microscopy (LM) on a renal sample reveals variable degrees of mesangial cell proliferation or mesangial sclerosis from minute alterations. A small number of instances with crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN) have been documented. Immunofluorescence (IF) analysis of kidney biopsy specimens shows that IgM deposits in the mesangium have a granular or diffuse appearance. While there may be traces of other immunoglobulins besides IgM, significant IgM deposition is typically indicative. Certain investigations have also revealed the existence of complement fragments, such as C3 or C1q.

See also

References

  1. Chae, Yura; Yoon, Hye Eun; Chang, Yoon Kyung; Kim, Young Soo; Kim, Hyung Wook; Choi, Bum Soon; Park, Cheol Whee; Song, Ho Cheol; Kim, Young Ok; Koh, Eun Sil; Chung, Sungjin (2021-09-16). "Renal Outcome of IgM Nephropathy: A Comparative Prospective Cohort Study". Journal of Clinical Medicine. 10 (18). MDPI AG: 4191. doi:10.3390/jcm10184191. ISSN 2077-0383. PMC 8466757. PMID 34575298.
  2. Bhasin, H K; Abuelo, J G; Nayak, R; Esparza, A R (July 1978). "Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis". Laboratory Investigation; A Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology. 39 (1): 21–29. PMID 355724.
  3. ^ Connor, Thomas M.; Aiello, Valeria; Griffith, Megan; Cairns, Thomas; Roufosse, Candice A.; Cook, H. Terence; Pusey, Charles D. (2016-04-15). "The natural history of immunoglobulin M nephropathy in adults". Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 32 (5). Oxford University Press (OUP): 823–829. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfw063. hdl:10044/1/34185. ISSN 0931-0509. PMC 5837784. PMID 27190379.
  4. ^ Mokhtar, Ghadeer A. (2011). "IgM Nephropathy: Clinical Picture and Pathological Findings in 36 Patients". Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation. 22 (5): 969–975. ISSN 1319-2442. PMID 21912027. Retrieved 2024-02-24.
  5. Salmon, A. H. J.; Kamel, D.; Mathieson, P. W. (2004-09-23). "Recurrence of IgM nephropathy in a renal allograft". Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 19 (10). Oxford University Press (OUP): 2650–2652. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfh434. ISSN 0931-0509. PMID 15388823.
  6. Cavallo, T.; Johnson, M.P. (1981). "Immunopathologic Study of Minimal Change Glomerular Disease with Mesangial IgM Deposits". Nephron. 27 (6). S. Karger AG: 281–284. doi:10.1159/000182071. ISSN 1660-8151. PMID 7266716.
  7. Lin, Ching-Yuang; Chen, Chih-Hsin; Lee, Piau-Po (1989). "In vitro B-lymphocyte switch disturbance from IgM into IgG in IgM mesangial nephropathy". Pediatric Nephrology. 3 (3). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 254–258. doi:10.1007/bf00858525. ISSN 0931-041X. PMID 2702103.
  8. Helin, H.; Mustonen, J.; Pasternack, A.; Antonen, J. (1982). "IgM-Associated Glomerulonephritis". Nephron. 31 (1). S. Karger AG: 11–16. doi:10.1159/000182598. ISSN 1660-8151. PMID 7050751.
  9. Disciullo, S O; Abuelo, J G; Moalli, K; Pezzullo, J C (1988). "Circulating heavy IgM in IgM nephropathy". Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 73 (3). Oxford University Press: 395–400. PMC 1541770. PMID 3145162.
  10. ^ Brugnano, R.; Del Sordo, R.; Covarelli, C.; Gnappi, E.; Pasquali, S. (2016-02-03). "IgM nephropathy: is it closer to minimal change disease or to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis?". Journal of Nephrology. 29 (4). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 479–486. doi:10.1007/s40620-016-0269-6. ISSN 1121-8428. PMID 26842624.
  11. Park, Kyoung Sook; Kang, Ea Wha; Kie, Jeong Hae (2019-08-27). "A case report of immunoglobulin M nephropathy manifesting as crescentic glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome in an adult". BMC Nephrology. 20 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 335. doi:10.1186/s12882-019-1528-2. ISSN 1471-2369. PMC 6712640. PMID 31455257.
  12. Myllymäki, Juhani; Saha, Heikki; Mustonen, Jukka; Helin, Heikki; Pasternack, Amos (2003). "IgM nephropathy: Clinical picture and long-term prognosis". American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 41 (2). Elsevier BV: 343–350. doi:10.1053/ajkd.2003.50042. ISSN 0272-6386. PMID 12552495.

Further reading

External links

ClassificationD
Disease of the kidney glomerules
Primarily
nephrotic
Non-proliferative
Proliferative
By condition
Primarily
nephritic,
RPG
Type I RPG/Type II hypersensitivity
Type II RPG/Type III hypersensitivity
Type III RPG/Pauci-immune
General
Category: