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Ignacio Andrade

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In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Andrade and the second or maternal family name is Troconis.

Ignacio Andrade
President of Venezuela
In office
28 February 1898 – 20 October 1899
Preceded byJoaquín Crespo
Succeeded byCipriano Castro
Minister of Foreign Affairs of Venezuela
In office
2 October 1914 – 7 September 1917
PresidentVictorino Márquez Bustillos
Preceded byManuel Díaz Rodríguez
Succeeded byBernardino Mosquera
Personal details
Born(1839-07-31)31 July 1839
Mérida, Venezuela
Died17 February 1925(1925-02-17) (aged 85)
Macuto, Venezuela
Political partyLiberal Party
SpouseMaria Isabel Sosa Saa
Signature

Ignacio Andrade Troconis (31 July 1839 – 17 February 1925), was a military man and politician. He was known as a member of the Liberal yellow party, and served as the president of Venezuela from 1898 until 1899 – his election was declaredly clouded by fraud.

Early life

Ignacio Andrade was born on 31 July, 1839 in Mérida. Francisco de Paula Andrade Troconis was his brother.

Career

Early positions

He was president of the state of Falcón from 1883 until 1885. He was also the leader of the state of Miranda from 1894 until 1897.

In 1897, incumbent president Crespo supported Andrade in the presidential elections against key opponent José Manuel Hernández. Andrade won the election, with Hernandez decrying the results as fraudulent and taking up arms. Hernandez was quickly defeated, with resultant political turmoil. Other attempted insurrections followed, including one by Carlos Rangel Garviras, head of the Autonomous Party of the Andes from Colombia. He invaded Venezuela with 2,000 men, to be defeated in Capacho and San Josecito.

1898–1899: Military leadership, presidency

Andrade was the commanding lieutenant general of the Venezuelan Army from February 1898 until October 1899, after taking leadership from General Joaquín Crespo.

Venezuelan President Joaquín Crespo ruled until 1898, when he gave the presidential role to Andrade while remaining a military mainstay of the government. In suppressing a serious threat to the government, Crespo was killed in action and Andrade was left without his military backing. With Crespo's death, Venezuela entered a period of political uncertainty, as Andrade was Crespo's placeman and not a member of the caudillo class.

1899: Overthrow by Cipriano Castro

In 1899 the Colombian writer Biofilo Panclasta traveled to Venezuela, where he joined the army of the Venezuelan Cipriano Castro, which had as its goal the downfall of president Andrade. After leaving this group shortly after, Panclasta traveled Venezuela with other revolutionary groups throughout Trujillo, Portuguesa, Cojedes and Carabobo.

In 1899 Andrade was overthrown by Cipriano Castro, a former governor of the province of Táchira who had previously been exiled to Colombia. Living in Colombia for seven years, Castro had recruited a private army using funds from illegal cattle trading. Returning to Venezuela and amassing support from disaffected Venezuelans, Castro's once personal army developed into a strong national army, and he used it to march on Caracas in October 1899 in an event called the Revolución Liberal Restauradora, and seize power, installing himself as the supreme military commander. He also assumed the vacant presidency and later modified the constitution. The resulting political turmoil led to civil war in Venezuela from 1901 until 1902.

After the 23 May 1899 invasion of Caracas, Andrade went into exile in Puerto Rico. He returned to public life after being granted amnesty in 1903.

Personal life and death

Andrade died in Macuto in 1925. He was married to María Isabel Sosa Saa, and she served as the First Lady of Venezuela during his tenure in 1898 and 1899.

  • Andrade and Isabel Sosa Saa in 1898 Andrade and Isabel Sosa Saa in 1898
  • María Isabel Sosa Saa María Isabel Sosa Saa

See also

References

  1. ^ Diccionario de Historia de Venezuela (in Spanish). Fundación Polar. 1997. ISBN 980-6397-37-1.
  2. (in Spanish) Ignacio Andrade— Official biography. Archived 16 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ "Ignacio Andrade". biografiasyvidas.com. Biografias y Vidas. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  4. PANCLASTA, Biófilo (1932): Siete años enterrado vivo en una de las mazmorras de Gomezuela. Tipografía la Libertad, Bogotá.
  5. José Raimundo Porras Pérez (enero-junio de 2011)."Batalla de La Victoria de 1902: táctica, logística, liderazgo y otros aspectos militares de las fuerzas beligerantes venezolanas". Presente y Pasado. Revista de Historia. Año 16. Nº31, páginas 95-122. ISSN 1316-1369.

External links

Political offices
Preceded byJoaquín Crespo 37th President of Venezuela
28 February 1898 – 20 October 1899 		Succeeded byCipriano Castro
Preceded byManuel Díaz Rodríguez 145th Minister of Foreign Affairs of Venezuela
2 October 1914 – 7 September 1917 		Succeeded byBernardino Mosquera
President of Venezuela (list)
Since 1830
Acting / interim / caretaker presidents shown in italics
Recognized by the National Assembly as "interim president" during the Venezuelan presidential crisis until 2023
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