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Ignatius Behnam Hadloyo (Syriac: ܦܛܪܝܪܟܐ ܒܗܢܡ ܚܕܠܝܐ, Arabic: البطريرك بهنام الحدلي) was the Patriarch of Antioch and head of the Syriac Orthodox Church from 1445 until his death in 1454.

Biography

Behnam was born at Ḥadl in Tur Abdin in the 14th century, and was the son of John of the Habbo Kanni family, who were originally from Bartella in the Nineveh Plains. Other prominent members of the family include the deacon and physician Behnam (d. 1293), son of the priest Mubarak, and the writer Abu Nasr, abbot of the monastery of Saint Matthew (fl. 1260–1290). He was educated by Rabban Jacob the Stylite.

He became a monk at the monastery of Qartmin and was later ordained as a priest. Behnam was consecrated as maphrian in 1404, and assumed the name Basil. As maphrian, he may have resided at the monastery of Saint Matthew near Mosul for the entirety of the duration of his episcopate or only for intervals. He was elected as the successor of Ignatius Abraham bar Gharib as patriarch of Mardin at a synod at the monastery of Saint Ananias and was consecrated on 24 June or July 1412 by Dioscorus Behnam Shatti, archbishop of the monastery of Saint Malke, upon which he assumed the name Ignatius.

As patriarch, Behnam engaged with the Catholic Church and despatched Abdallah, archbishop of Edessa, as his representative to the Council of Florence. It is suggested that this was likely after Behnam had received an invitation from a delegation of Franciscan envoys on behalf of Pope Eugene IV. Upon the success of negotiations between Abdallah and a number of cardinals and theologians, union between the two churches was agreed and celebrated at the Lateran Palace at Rome on 30 September 1444 with the declaration of the papal bull Multa et Admirabilia.

After the death of the Patriarch Basil IV Simon in 1445, Behnam travelled to Jerusalem to prevent the election of a successor so to heal the schism between the rival patriarchates of Antioch and Mardin that had endured since 1293. He successfully convinced the bishops formerly under Basil IV to acclaim him as patriarch of Antioch, thus restoring unity to the church under his authority. Behnam visited Jerusalem and the monastery of Saint Thomas with a group of bishops, priests, monks, and deacons in 1450. In the aftermath of the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453, relations with the Catholic Church became untenable, and consequently Behnam's union as signed in 1444 was renounced. He served as patriarch of Antioch until his death on 10 December 1454, and was buried at the monastery of Saint Ananias. As patriarch, Behnam ordained two maphrians and ten bishops.

Works

Behnam wrote ten books of propitiatory prayers (pl. Syriac: ḥusoye), of which, three were for Lent, four for the festivals of the saints Asya, Abhai, Barsohde, and Saba, whilst others were on the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple and the morning of the festival of our Lady over the crops. He also wrote an anaphora and prepared a compilation of selections from Daniel of Salah's commentary on the Psalms, dated 1425 (ms. Jerusalem, St. Mark 14). In addition, Behnam wrote eleven poems.

References

Notes

1. He is counted as either Ignatius V, or Ignatius IX. Alternatively transliterated as Ḥedloyo.
2. According to the Egyptian scholar Samir Khalil Samir, Behnam was consecrated by the Coptic Pope Gabriel V of Alexandria at Cairo in Egypt, however, this is refuted by the historian Mark N. Swanson who argues Samir confuses Behnam with Basil IV Simon.

Citations

1. James E. Walters (17 August 2016). "Behnam Hadloyo". A Guide to Syriac Authors. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
2. ^ Carlson (2018), p. 267.
3. Burleson & Van Rompay (2011).
4. ^ Barsoum (2003), p. 497.
5. Barsoum 2003, pp. 189, 484; Barsoum 2009, pp. 60–61.
6. Barsoum (2008b), p. 69.
7. Ignatius Jacob III (2008), p. 115.
8. Barsoum 2003, p. 497; Barsoum 2008a, p. 49; Kiraz 2011, p. 68.
9. Samir (1991), pp. 1130a–1133a.
10. Swanson (2010), p. 211.
11. Wilkinson (2007), p. 13.
12. Gill (1959), p. 335.
13. Gill 1959, p. 335; Wilkinson 2007, p. 13.
14. Barsoum 2003, p. 497; Carlson 2018, p. 82.
15. Bcheiry (2013), p. 39.
16. Joseph (1983), p. 32.
17. Barsoum (2008a), p. 61.
18. Barsoum (2008b), p. 23.
19. Barsoum (2003), p. 48; Kiraz (2011), p. 68.
20. Barsoum (2003), pp. 498–499.

Bibliography

• Barsoum, Ephrem (2003). The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences. Translated by Matti Moosa (2nd ed.). Gorgias Press. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
• Barsoum, Aphrem (2008a). History of the Za'faran Monastery. Translated by Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
• Barsoum, Aphrem (2008b). The History of Tur Abdin. Translated by Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
• Barsoum, Aphrem (2009). The Collected Historical Essays of Aphram I Barsoum. Vol. 1. Translated by Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
• Bcheiry, Iskandar (2013). The Account of the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch Yūḥanun Bar Šay Allāh (1483–1492): The Syriac Manuscript of Cambridge: DD.3.8(1). Gorgias Press.
• Burleson, Samuel; Van Rompay, Lucas (2011). "List of Patriarchs: II. The Syriac Orthodox Church and its Uniate continuations". In Sebastian P. Brock; Aaron M. Butts; George A. Kiraz; Lucas Van Rompay (eds.). Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition. Gorgias Press. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
• Carlson, Thomas A. (2018). Christianity in Fifteenth-Century Iraq. Cambridge University Press.
• Gill, Joseph (1959). The Council of Florence. Cambridge University Press.
• Ignatius Jacob III (2008). History of the Monastery of Saint Matthew in Mosul. Translated by Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
• Joseph, John (1983). Muslim-Christian Relations and Inter-Christian Rivalries in the Middle East: The Case of the Jacobites in an Age of Transition. State University of New York Press.
• Kiraz, George A. (2011). "Behnam Ḥadloyo". In Sebastian P. Brock; Aaron M. Butts; George A. Kiraz; Lucas Van Rompay (eds.). Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition. Gorgias Press. p. 68. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
• Samir, Khalil (1991). "Gabriel V". Coptic Encyclopedia. Macmillan. pp. 1130a–1133a. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
• Swanson, Mark N. (2010). The Coptic Papacy in Islamic Egypt (641–1517). American University in Cairo Press.
• Wilkinson, Robert (2007). Orientalism, Aramaic and Kabbalah in the Catholic Reformation: The First Printing of the Syriac New Testament. Brill.

• Syriac Patriarchs of Antioch from 512 to 1783
• 1454 deaths
• Syriac writers
• 15th-century Oriental Orthodox archbishops
• Patriarchs of Mardin
• Maphrians
• 14th-century writers
• 14th-century births
• 15th-century writers