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The Ilyas Shahi dynasty (Bengali: ইলিয়াস শাহী খান্দান, Persian: دودمان الیاس‌شاهی) was the first independent dynasty to set the foundations of the late medieval Sunni Muslim Sultanate of Bengal of Turk origin. Hailing from the Sistan region, their rule extended from 1342 to 1487, though interrupted with an interregna by their slaves as well as the House of Ganesha.

Initial dynasty

The ancestors of Ilyas Shah originated from Sistan, and according to Syed A M R Haque, arrived to the subcontinent as Muslim missionaries and the family were granted jagirs in Bengal in the year 1227. Bengal was under the Delhi Sultanate at the time.

During the governorship of Izz al-Din Yahya in Satgaon, Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah took service under him. Following Yahya's death in 1338, Ilyas Shah took control of Satgaon and declared himself as a Sultan, independent of Delhi. He then waged a campaign, defeating both the Sultans Alauddin Ali Shah and Ikhtiyaruddin Ghazi Shah of Lakhnauti and Sonargaon respectively by 1342. This led to the foundation of Bengal as single political entity and the start of the Bengal Sultanate and its first dynasty, the Ilyas Shahi.

After Shamsuddin's death, his son Sikandar Shah ascended the throne. Sikandar ruled for the next 30 years and built the Adina Masjid in Pandua in 1368 and Kotwali Darwaza in Gauḍa. Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah, son of Sikandar Shah succeeded the throne and established friendly relationships with the Ming Empire of China and encouraged trade. During his reign, Ma Huan, a Chinese traveller visited Bengal.

Instability

In 1415, political confusion and weakness of the Ilyas Shahi dynasty led to Saifuddin Hamza Shah's rule being overthrown by slave Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah's family and the House of Ganesha shortly after. Ganesha's son Jadu embraced Islam and assumed the title of Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Shah. He was succeeded by his son, Shams ad-Din Ahmad Shah. Ahmad was killed by his nobles in 1436 in an attempt to restore the Ilyas Shahi dynasty.

Restored dynasty

After the death of Shams ad-Din Ahmad, the rule of the Ilyas Shahi dynasty was restored by Mahmud Shah, a descendant of Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah, who ascended the throne in 1437 as Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah. In 1487, the last ruler of this dynasty Jalal ad-Din Fatih Shah was killed by his Habshi commander of the palace guards, Shahzada Barbak, who ascended the throne under the title, Sultan Barbak Shah. With this, the Ilyas Shahi dynasty's rule over Bengal came to an end. The current

List of rulers

• Silver shaded row signifies the start of the Restored Ilyas Shahi dynasty.

See also

• History of Bangladesh
• History of Bengal
• History of India
• List of Sunni Muslim dynasties

References

1. Bengal Under Muslim Rule. Univ of North Carolina Press. 15 December 2006. ISBN 978-0-8078-7733-3.
2. Eaton, Richard M. "The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760". Archived from the original on 24 June 2021 – via UC Press E-Books Collection, 1982-2004.
3. They were of Turkic origin. dasarpAI. 2 April 2024.
4. Thapliyaal, Hari (2 April 2024). They were of Turkic origin.
5. Turkish rule (Hussain Sahi and Illiyas Sahi dynasty). Although Turkish rule was established in Bengal. Blue Rose Publishers. 10 January 2024.
6. Schlichtmann, Klaus (September 2016). A Peace History of India: From Ashoka Maurya to Mahatma Gandhi , Klaus Schlichtmann (2016). Vij Books India Pvt. ISBN 978-93-85563-52-2.
7. Jerome Silbergeld, Eugene Y. Wang · 2016, The Zoomorphic Imagination in Chinese Art and Culture. University of Hawaii Press. 31 October 2016. ISBN 978-0-8248-7256-4.
8. André Wink (2003). Indo-Islamic society: 14th – 15th centuries. BRILL. p. 139. ISBN 9004135618.
9. Siegbert Uhlig (2003). Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: D-Ha. p. 151.
10. Ainslie Thomas Embree, Asia Society (1988). Encyclopedia of Asian history, Volym 1. p. 149.
11. For a map of their territory see: Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.4 (b). ISBN 0226742210.
12. Ali, Mohammad Mohar (1988). History of the Muslims of Bengal, Vol 1 (PDF) (2 ed.). Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University. pp. 683, 404. ISBN 9840690248. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
13. Majumdar, R. C., ed. (1980) . The Delhi Sultanate. The History and Culture of the Indian People. Vol. VI (3rd ed.). Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. pp. 211, 214. OCLC 664485.
14. Majumdar, R. C., ed. (1980) . The Delhi Sultanate. The History and Culture of the Indian People. Vol. VI (3rd ed.). Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. pp. 827–828. OCLC 664485.

External links

• Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin (2012). "Iliyas Shah". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
• The Iliyas Shahi Dynasty

• Ilyas Shahi dynasty
• Dynasties of Bengal
• Medieval Indian monarchies
• Dynasties of India
• States and territories established in the 14th century
• Sunni dynasties
• 1342 establishments in Asia
• 14th-century establishments in India