Impact of Event Scale - Revised

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The Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R) is a 22-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess subjective distress caused by traumatic events. It is commonly used in research and clinical settings to measure the severity of symptoms related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The IES-R is an updated version of the original Impact of Event Scale (IES) and includes additional items to provide a more comprehensive assessment.

Medical diagnostic method

Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R)
Purpose	Assesses subjective distress caused by traumatic events

The 15-item IES is the original scale, but is missing the symptom of hyperarousal. The IES-R is a revised version of the older version, the 15-item IES. The IES-R contains seven additional items related to the hyperarousal symptoms of PTSD, which were not included in the original IES. Items correspond directly to 14 of the 17 DSM-IV symptoms of PTSD. Respondents are asked to identify a specific stressful life event and then indicate how much they were distressed or bothered during the past seven days by each "difficulty" listed. The scale shows good measurement invariance as a one factor scale with both latino and non-latino populations.

Items are rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 ("not at all") to 4 ("extremely"). The IES-R yields a total score (ranging from 0 to 88) and subscale scores can also be calculated for the Intrusion, Avoidance, and Hyperarousal subscales. The authors recommend using means instead of raw sums for each of these subscale scores to allow comparison with scores from the Symptom Checklist 90 - Revised (SCL-90-R; Derogatis, 1994). In general, the IES-R, and IES are not used to diagnosis PTSD. However, cut-off scores for a preliminary diagnosis of PTSD have been cited in the literature.

An example question is: "Any reminders brought back feelings about it." (Respondents rate their degree of distress during the past seven days.)

References

Ramos S, Boyle GJ (2001). "Ch. 14: Ritual and medical circumcision among Filipino boys: Evidence of post-traumatic stress disorder.". In Denniston GC, Hodges FM, Milos MF (eds.). Understanding Circumcision: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach to a Multi-Dimensional Problem. New York: Kluwer/Plenum. pp. 253–270. ISBN 978-0306-46701-1.
^ "Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R) - PTSD: National Center for PTSD". www.ptsd.va.gov. Retrieved 2017-09-23. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
Tiemensma J, Depaoli S, Winter SD, Felt JM, Rus HM, Arroyo AC (2018-04-03). Annunziato R (ed.). "The performance of the IES-R for Latinos and non-Latinos: Assessing measurement invariance". PLOS ONE. 13 (4): e0195229. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1395229T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195229. PMC 5882119. PMID 29614117.

Mental disorders (Classification)

Adult personality and behavior

Sexual	Ego-dystonic sexual orientation Paraphilia Fetishism Voyeurism Sexual anhedonia Sexual anorexia Sexual maturation disorder Sexual relationship disorder
Other	Factitious disorder Munchausen syndrome Fear of intimacy Gender dysphoria Intermittent explosive disorder Dermatillomania Kleptomania Pyromania Trichotillomania Personality disorder

Childhood and learning

Emotional and behavioral	ADHD Conduct disorder ODD Emotional and behavioral disorders Separation anxiety disorder Movement disorders Stereotypic Social functioning DAD RAD Selective mutism Speech Cluttering Stuttering Tic disorder Tourette syndrome
Intellectual disability	X-linked intellectual disability Lujan–Fryns syndrome
Psychological development (developmental disabilities)	Pervasive Specific

Mood (affective)
Bipolar Bipolar I Bipolar II Bipolar NOS Cyclothymia Depression Atypical depression Dysthymia Major depressive disorder Melancholic depression Seasonal affective disorder Mania

Neurological and symptomatic

Autism spectrum	Autism Asperger syndrome High-functioning autism PDD-NOS Savant syndrome
Dementia	AIDS dementia complex Alzheimer's disease Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease Frontotemporal dementia Huntington's disease Mild cognitive impairment Parkinson's disease Pick's disease Sundowning Vascular dementia Wandering
Other	Delirium Organic brain syndrome Post-concussion syndrome

Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform

Adjustment

Adjustment disorder with depressed mood

Anxiety

Phobia	Agoraphobia Childhood phobia Social anxiety Social phobia Anthropophobia Specific social phobia Specific phobia Claustrophobia
Other	Generalized anxiety disorder OCD Panic attack Panic disorder Stress Acute stress reaction PTSD

Dissociative

Somatic symptom

Physiological and physical behavior

Eating	Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa Rumination syndrome Other specified feeding or eating disorder
Nonorganic sleep	Hypersomnia Insomnia Parasomnia Night terror Nightmare REM sleep behavior disorder
Postnatal	Postpartum depression Postpartum psychosis
Sexual desire	Hypersexuality Hypoactive sexual desire disorder

Psychoactive substances, substance abuse and substance-related
Drug overdose Intoxication Physical dependence Rebound effect Stimulant psychosis Substance dependence Withdrawal

Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional

Delusional	Delusional disorder Folie à deux
Psychosis and schizophrenia-like	Brief reactive psychosis Schizoaffective disorder Schizophreniform disorder
Schizophrenia	Childhood schizophrenia Disorganized (hebephrenic) schizophrenia Pseudoneurotic schizophrenia Simple-type schizophrenia
Other	Catatonia

Symptoms and uncategorized
Impulse-control disorder Klüver–Bucy syndrome Psychomotor agitation Stereotypy

Trauma

Principles

Assessment

Clinical prediction rules	Abbreviated Injury Scale Injury Severity Score NACA score Revised Trauma Score
Investigations	Diagnostic peritoneal lavage Focused assessment with sonography for trauma

Management

Principles	Advanced trauma life support Damage control surgery Early appropriate care Trauma center Trauma surgery Trauma team
Procedures	Resuscitative thoracotomy

Pathophysiology

Injury	MSK Bone fracture Degloving Joint dislocation Soft tissue injury Respiratory Diaphragmatic rupture Flail chest Hemothorax Pneumothorax Pulmonary contusion Cardio Cardiac tamponade Internal bleeding Thoracic aorta injury GI Blunt kidney trauma Splenic injury Neuro Intracranial hemorrhage Penetrating head injury Traumatic brain injury
Mechanism	Blast injury Blunt trauma Burn Crush injury Electrocution Gunshot wound Penetrating trauma Stab wound
Region	Abdominal trauma Chest injury Facial trauma Head injury Spinal cord injury
Demographic	Geriatric trauma Pediatric trauma

Complications

Pathology of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium

Pregnancy

Pregnancy with
abortive outcome

Edema, proteinuria, and
hypertensive disorders

Other, predominantly
related to pregnancy

Digestive system	Acute fatty liver of pregnancy Gestational diabetes Hepatitis E Hyperemesis gravidarum Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
Integumentary system / dermatoses of pregnancy	Gestational pemphigoid Impetigo herpetiformis Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy Linea nigra Prurigo gestationis Pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP) Stretch marks
Nervous system	Chorea gravidarum
Blood	Gestational thrombocytopenia Pregnancy-induced hypercoagulability

Maternal care related to the
fetus and amniotic cavity

Labor

Puerperal

Other

Category

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