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An Incorporated Administrative Agency (独立行政法人, Dokuritsu gyōsei hōjin, Dokugyo in abbreviation), or Independent Administrative Institution, is a type of legal corporation formulated by the Government of Japan under the Act on General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agencies (Act no. 103 of 1999, revised in 2014). The independent agencies are not under the National Government Organization Act that provides for the ministries and agencies of Japan.

Originally proposed by the Administrative Reform Council, the independent agencies are created based on the concept of separating the ministries and agencies of the government into planning functions and operation functions. Planning functions remain within government-based ministries and agencies while operating functions are transferred to the independent agencies.

Incorporated Administrative Agencies utilize management methods of private-sector corporations and are given considerable autonomy in their operations and how to use their given budgets. In April 2001, the government first designated 59 bodies as the independent agencies, among which were many research institutions and some museums.

Differences from special corporations

As part of the administrative reforms of the Ryutaro Hashimoto Cabinet in the latter half of the 1990s, this system was stipulated for the purpose of separating the actual business and service sectors from the central ministries and agencies.

Differences from special corporations (Japanese: 特殊法人, Hepburn: Tokushu Hōjin) are that they cannot obtain government guarantees for funding (the same as private companies) and that they are obligated to pay taxes and public dues such as corporate income tax and property tax.

According to the Administrative Surveillance Commission Investigation Office, the 108 corporations established during the six years from 1998, when the system was first established, to 2004, accounted for the fiscal 2004 administrative service implementation costs (taxpayers The total cost attributable to the public burden) was 2,095 billion yen.

Classification

Independent Administrative Agencies are classified into three agency types according to Article 1 of Act no. 103 of 1999.

• Agency Managed under the Medium-Term Objectives (中期目標管理法人, Chūki Mokuhyō Kanri Hōjin)
• National Research and Development Agency (国立研究開発法人, Kokuritsu Kenkyū Kaihatsu Hōjin)
• Agency Engaged in Administrative Execution (行政執行法人, Gyōsei Shikkō Hōjin)

Examples of the agencies

There are 87 agencies as of 1 April 2019.

• National Center for University Entrance Examinations, an agency that administers the National Center Test for University Admissions
• Japan Mint, the mint of Japan
• Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
• Japan National Tourist Organization (JNTO)
• Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation (JOGMEC)
• National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
• National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
• National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)
• National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
• National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE)
• National Museum of Art, Tokyo National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo (MOMAT)
• National Museum of Art, Tokyo National Museum of Western Art (NMWA)
• National Printing Bureau (NPB)
• Nippon Export and Investment Insurance (NEXI)

See also

• List of National Laboratories in Japan
• Quango

References

1. "Act on General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agencies – Japanese/English – Japanese Law Translation". japaneselawtranslation.go.jp. Archived from the original on 2022-08-08. Retrieved 2022-08-08.
2. Nishizawa, T (2007). 独立行政法人制度の現状と課題 (transl. Current status and issues of the Incorporated Administrative System). Administrative Surveillance Commission Investigation Office. Retrieved from https://www.sangiin.go.jp/japanese/annai/chousa/rippou_chousa/backnumber/2007pdf/20070420117.pdf Archived 2022-09-29 at the Wayback Machine.
3. "Act on General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agencies – Japanese/English – Japanese Law Translation". japaneselawtranslation.go.jp. Archived from the original on 2022-08-08. Retrieved 2022-08-08.
4. 独立行政法人一覧（平成31年4月１日現在） [The list of Independent Administrative Agencies, as of Heisei 31 (2019), April 1] (PDF) (in Japanese). Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 July 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2019.

Bibliography

• Independent Administrative Institution National Museum. (2005) Outline of the Independent Administrative Institution National Museum. Tokyo: Independent Administrative Institution National Museum Secretariat. OCLC: 71634675
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2002). Benchmarking Industry-science Relationships. Paris: OECD Publishing. ISBN 978-92-64-19741-1 OCLC: 49642355

External links

• Independent Administrative Institution National Museum of Art (in Japanese)

v t e Incorporated Administrative Agencies in Japan
There are 102 institutions as of April 1, 2012. Bold institutions employ national public servants.
Cabinet Office	National Archives of Japan ja:Northern Territories Issue Association ja:National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications	National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) ja:National Statistics Center ja:Public Foundation for Peace and Consolation ja:Management Organization for Postal Savings and Postal Life Insurance
Ministry of Foreign Affairs	Japan International Cooperation Agency Japan Foundation
Ministry of Finance	ja:National Research Institute of Brewing Japan Mint National Printing Bureau Commemorative Organization for the Japan World Exposition '70
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology	ja:National Institute of Special Education National Center for University Entrance Examinations ja:National Institution For Youth Education ja:National Women's Education Center National Museum of Nature and Science National Institute for Materials Science ja:National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention ja:National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology National Institutes for Cultural Heritage ja:National Institute of Radiological Sciences ja:National Center for Teachers' Development Japan Science and Technology Agency Japan Society for the Promotion of Science RIKEN Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ja:National Agency for the Advancement of Sports and Health Japan Arts Council ja:Japan Student Services Organization Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology ja:Institute of National Colleges of Technology National Institution for Academic Degrees and University Evaluation Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare	ja:National Institute of Health and Nutrition ja:National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health ja:Organization for Workers Retirement Allowance Mutual Aid ja:Japan Organization for Employment of the Elderly, Persons with Disabilities and Job Seekers ja:Welfare And Medical Service Agency ja:National Center for Persons with Severe Intellectual Disabilities, Nozominosono Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training ja:Japan Labour Health and Welfare Organization ja:National Hospital Organization ja:Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Agency ja:National Institute of Biomedical Innovation ja:Readjustment of Facilities for Insured Persons and Beneficiaries Organization Government Pension Investment Fund ja:National Cancer Center ja:National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Hospital ja:National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry ja:National Center for Global Health and Medicine ja:National Center for Child Health and Development ja:National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontrogy
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries	ja:Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center ja:National Center for Seeds and Seedlings ja:National Livestock Breeding Center ja:National Fisheries University ja:National Agriculture and Food Research Organization ja:National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences ja:National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences ja:Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences ja:Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute ja:Fisheries Research Agency ja:Agriculture & Livestock Industries Corporation ja:Farmer's Pension Fund ja:Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Credit Foundations
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry	ja:Information-Technology Promotion Agency ja:Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry ja:National Center for Industrial Property Information and Training Nippon Export and Investment Insurance National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology National Institute of Technology and Evaluation New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization Japan External Trade Organization ja:Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization ja:Information-technology Promotion Agency Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation ja:Organization for Small & Medium Enterprises and Regional Innovation
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism	ja:Public Works Research Institute ja:Building Research Institute ja:National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory ja:National Maritime Research Institute ja:Port and Airport Research Institute ja:Electronic Navigation Research Institute ja:National Institute for Sea Training ja:Marine Technical Education Agency ja:Civil Aviation College ja:National Agency of Vehicle Inspection: Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency Japan National Tourism Organization ja:Japan Water Agency ja:National Agency for Automotive Safety & Victims' Aid ja:Organization for Environment Improvement around International Airports ja:Maritime Disaster Prevention Center ja:Urban Renaissance Agency ja:Fund for the Promotion and Development of the Amami Islands ja:Japan Expressway Holding and Debt Repayment Agency ja:Japan Housing Finance Agency
Ministry of the Environment	ja:National Institute for Environmental Studies ja:Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency
Ministry of Defense	ja:Labor Management Organization for USFJ Employees
Related topics	ja:Act on General Rules for Independent Administrative Agency List of Independent Administrative Institutes in Japan ja:Japanese administrative reforms ja:Government Revitalization Unit ja:Japanese government program review ja:Japanese extra-governmental organizations

• Independent Administrative Institutions of Japan