Layer of muscles of the ribs
The innermost intercostal muscle is a layer of intercostal muscles . It may also be called the intima of the internal intercostal muscles . It is the deepest muscular layer of the thorax , with muscle fibres running vertically (in parallel with the internal intercostal muscles ). It is present only in the middle of each intercostal space , and often not present higher up the rib cage . It lies deep to the plane that contains the intercostal nerves and intercostal vessels , and the internal intercostal muscles . The diaphragm is continuous with the innermost intercostal muscle.
Additional images
References
Rahangdale, Rohit; Tureanu, Luminita; Benzon, Honorio T. (2018-01-01), Benzon, Honorio T.; Raja, Srinivasa N.; Liu, Spencer S.; Fishman, Scott M. (eds.), "Chapter 83 - Truncal Blocks: Paravertebral, Intercostal, Pectoral Nerve, Suprascapular, Ilioinguinal, Iliohypogastric Nerve, and Transversus Abdominis Plane Blocks" , Essentials of Pain Medicine (Fourth Edition) , Elsevier, pp. 779–788.e2, doi :10.1016/b978-0-323-40196-8.00083-8 , ISBN 978-0-323-40196-8
^ Bland, Kirby I.; Copeland, Edward M.; Klimberg, V. Suzanne (2018-01-01), Bland, Kirby I.; Copeland, Edward M.; Klimberg, V. Suzanne; Gradishar, William J. (eds.), "2 - Anatomy of the Breast, Axilla, Chest Wall, and Related Metastatic Sites" , The Breast (Fifth Edition) , Elsevier, pp. 20–36.e2, doi :10.1016/b978-0-323-35955-9.00002-7 , ISBN 978-0-323-35955-9
^ Rakovich, George; Fréchette, Éric; Deslauriers, Jean (2010-01-01), Lewis, Michael I.; McKenna, Robert J.; Falk, Jeremy A.; Chaux, George E. (eds.), "8 - Thoracic Surgical Anatomy and Procedures" , Medical Management of the Thoracic Surgery Patient , Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 95–105, doi :10.1016/b978-1-4160-3993-8.00008-8 , ISBN 978-1-4160-3993-8
Jacob, S. (2008-01-01), Jacob, S. (ed.), "Chapter 3 - Thorax" , Human Anatomy , Churchill Livingstone, pp. 51–70, ISBN 978-0-443-10373-5
Carreiro, Jane E (2009-01-01), Carreiro, Jane E (ed.), "Chapter 5 - The respiratory system" , An Osteopathic Approach to Children (Second Edition) , Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, pp. 85–100, doi :10.1016/b978-0-443-06738-9.00005-8 , ISBN 978-0-443-06738-9
External links
Anatomy photo:18:04-0103 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Thoracic Wall: The Intercostal Nerve and Vessels"Anatomy figure: 18:03-04 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Transverse section of thorax."thoraxmuscles at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
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Innermost intercostal muscle (red), seen from back.
Innermost intercostal muscle (shown in red). Animation.
A cutout of the thoracic wall showing the three layers of intercostal muscle - from the left wall.
