A number of Irish annals, of which the earliest was the Chronicle of Ireland, were compiled up to and shortly after the end of the 17th century. Annals were originally a means by which monks determined the yearly chronology of feast days. Over time, the obituaries of priests, abbots and bishops were added, along with those of notable political events. Non-Irish models include Bede's Chronica maiora, Marcellinus Comes's Chronicle of Marcellinus and the Liber pontificalis. Most of the Irish annals were written between the 14th and 17th centuries.
Chronology
The origins of annalistic compilation can be traced to the occasional recording of notes and events in blank spaces between the latercus, i.e. the 84-year Easter table adopted from Gaulish writer Sulpicius Severus (d. c. 423).
Extant
Manuscript copies of extant annals include the following:
MAP of Irish locales linked to Irish Annals writing assembled by De Reir Book of Moytura team
- Annals of Boyle
- Annals of Clonmacnoise
- Annals of Connacht
- Annals of Duiske
- Annals of the Four Masters
- Annals of Inisfallen
- Annals of Lough Cé
- Annales de Monte Fernandi, a.k.a. Annals of Multyfarnham
- Annals of Roscrea
- Chronicon Scotorum
- Annals of Tigernach
- Annals of Ulster
- The Annals of Ireland by Friar John Clyn
- Annals of Dudley Loftus
- The Short Annals of Donegal
- Leabhar Oiris
- Annals of Nenagh
- Mac Carthaigh's Book
- Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib (large parts)
- Fragmentary Annals of Ireland (parts)
- Dublin Annals of Inisfallen
- The Annals of Ireland by Thady Dowling
- Short Annals of Tirconaill
- Short Annals of Leinster
- Annales Hibernie ab anno Christi 1162 usque ad annum 1370, a.k.a. Pembridge's Annals
- Annales Hiberniae, a.k.a. Grace's Annals
- Memoranda Gadelica
- Annla Gearra as Proibhinse Ard Macha, a.k.a. Short Annals of Armagh
- A Fragment of Irish Annals
- Annals from the Book of Leinster
- De Reir Book of Moytura a recommencement of the vulgate tradition of Irish Annals writing taking place at a scriptorium, an easy distance between where the Annals of Boyle, of Lough Key, of the Four Masters, of Ulster of Kilronan were assembled. ( 2020 -
Other sources
Others which contain annalistic material include:
- Leabhar Bhaile an Mhóta
- Lebor Glinne Dá Loch
- Lebor Leacáin
- Leabhar Uí Dhubhagáin
- Caithréim Chellacháin Chaisil
- Leabhar na nGenealach
Many of these annals have been translated and published by the School of Celtic Studies, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, or the Irish Texts Society. In addition, the text of many are available on the internet at the Corpus of Electronic Texts (CELT Project) hosted by the History Department of University College Cork, National University of Ireland. (See External Links below)
The famous epic political tract Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib also contains a great deal of annalistic material from the Viking Age in Ireland which is to be found in no other surviving sources. Much of this was taken from the same sources ancestral to the Annals of Inisfallen, which have come down to us both abbreviated and lacunose.
Lost annals
Annals known to have existed but which have been lost include:
- Annals of the Island of Saints
- Annals of Maolconary
- Book of Cuanu
- Book of Dub-da-leithe
- Book of the Monks
- Leabhar Airis Cloinne Fir Bhisigh
- Leabhar Airisen
- Leabhar Airisen Ghiolla Iosa Mhec Fhirbhisigh
- Synchronisms of Flann Mainstreach
- The Chronicle of Ireland
Modern annals
- Chronology of Irish History to 1976
- The Chronicle of Ireland 1992–1996
Notes
- ^ Ó Corráin, "annals, Irish", p. 69.
- Welch. p. 10.
- "The Tripartite life of Patrick : With other documents relating to that saint". 1887.
References
- Ó Corráin, Donnchadh (2006). "Annals, Irish". In Koch, John T. (ed.). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, Denver, and Oxford: ABC-CLIO. pp. 69–75.
- Welch, Robert (2000). The Concise Oxford Companion to Irish Literature. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780192800800.
- The Medieval Irish Annals, Gearoid Mac Niocaill, Medieval Irish History Series, 3, Dublin, 1975
- The earliest Irish annals, Alfred P. Smyth, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, # 70, 1972, pp. 1–48.
- Astronomical observations in the Irish annals and their motivation, Aidan Breen and Daniel McCarthy, Peritia 1997, pp. 1–43
- "The Chronicle of Ireland: Then and Now", Roy Flechner, Early medieval Europe 21, 2013, pp. 422–54
- The chronology of the Irish annals, Daniel P. McCarthy, PRIA 98, 1998, pp. 203–55
- The status of the pre-Patrician Irish annals, Daniel P. McCarthy, Peritia 12, 1998, pp. 98–152.
- The Historicity of the Early Irish Annals:Heritage and Content, Patrick C. Griffin, 2001.
- The chronological apparatus of the Annals of Ulster A.D. 82-1019, Daniel McCarthy, in Peritia 16, 2002, pp. 256–83
- The original compilation of the Annals of Ulster, Daniel McCarthy, in Studia Celtica 2004, pp. 69–96.
- The Annals of the Four Masters:Irish history, kingship and society in the early seventeenth century, Bernadette Cunningham, Four Courts Press, Dublin, May 2010. ISBN 978-1-84682-203-2
- The Irish Annals: Their Genesis, Evolution and History, Daniel McCarthy, Four Courts Press, Dublin, 2008 .
External links
- Corpus of Electronic Texts (CELT) at University College Cork
- Irish Texts Society Archived 22 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine
- Jacobi Grace, Kilkenniensis, Annales Hiberniae - in Latin with English translation by Rev. Richard Butler
- Publications of the School of Celtic Studies
- 'The Chronology of the Irish Annals' by Dan Mc Carthy
- DNA vs Irish Annals by Brad Larkin
