| Irving Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Statherian Pha. Proterozoic Archean Had. | |
| Type | Formation |
| Underlies | Vallecito Conglomerate |
| Overlies | Twilight Gneiss |
| Thickness | Over 10,000 feet (3,000 m) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Metavolcanic rock |
| Other | Metasedimentary rock |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 37°35′42″N 107°30′32″W / 37.595°N 107.509°W / 37.595; -107.509 |
| Region | San Juan Mountains, Colorado |
| Country |  United States |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Irving Peak |
| Named by | Ernest Howe |
| Year defined | 1904 |
  Irving Formation (the United States)Show map of the United States Irving Formation (Colorado)Show map of Colorado | |
The Irving Formation is a Precambrian geologic formation found in the San Juan Mountains of southwest Colorado, US. It is thought to be Statherian in age (1800 to 1790 million years old.)
Description
The formation consists of a variety of lithologies (rock varieties) including amphibolite, various schists and gneisses of intermediate to felsic composition, quartzite, metasiltstone, and banded iron formation. A bed of conglomerate is found near the base of the formation in some locations. The beds show indications of mild retrograde metamorphism and dip steeply to the north. It was intruded by the Twilight Gneiss between 1780 and 1770 million years ago (Mya). The complex is older than the Vallecito Conglomerate.
The formation underlies Irving Peak in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado and is exposed across the western and northern Needle Mountains. It is at least a few thousand meters (several thousand feet) thick.
The unit is interpreted as a portion of an island arc accreted to the southern margin of Laurentia as part of the Yavapai Province between 1.8 and 1.755 Gya. Metasedimentary rocks of the formation are interpreted as turbidites derived from the island arc.
Economic resources
The formation was surveyed in 1969 for iron ore. Magnetite-rich beds were found in a few locations but were not judged economical to exploit.
History of investigation
The unit was first named as the Irving Greenstone by Ernest Howe in 1904. The definition was expanded by Fred Barker in 1969, who also renamed the formation as the Irving Formation.
References
- ^ Whitmeyer, Steven; Karlstrom, Karl E. (2007). "Tectonic model for the Proterozoic growth of North America". Geosphere. 3 (4): 220. doi:10.1130/GES00055.1.
- ^ Barker, Fred (1969). "Precambrian geology of the Needle mountains, southwestern Colorado". U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. 644-A. doi:10.3133/pp644A.
- Cross, Whitman; Howe, Ernest (1905). "Description of Needle Mountains quadrangle ". U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Atlas of the United States Folio, Needle Mountains folio. Vol. 131. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
- McLennan, S.M.; Hemming, S.R.; Taylor, S.R.; Eriksson, K.A. (March 1995). "Early Proterozoic crustal evolution: Geochemical and NdPb isotopic evidence from metasedimentary rocks, southwestern North America". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 59 (6): 1153–1177. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(95)00032-U.
- Steven, T.A.; Schmitt, L.J.; Sheridan, M.J.; Williams, F.E.; Gair, J.E.; Klemic, H. (1969). "Mineral resources of the San Juan primitive area, Colorado, with a section on iron resources in the Irving Formation". U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin. 1261-F. doi:10.3133/b1261F.
- Howe, Ernest (September 1904). "An Occurrence of Greenstone Schists in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado". The Journal of Geology. 12 (6): 501–509. doi:10.1086/621173.