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Darul Islam (lit. meaning House of Islam), also known as Darul Islam/Islamic Armed Forces of Indonesia (Indonesian: Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia, DI/TII), is an Islamist group that's goal is to fight for the establishment of an Islamic state in Indonesia. It was established in 1942 by a group of Muslim militias, coordinated by the Muslim politician, Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosoewirjo. The group recognises only Shari'a as the valid source of law. The movement has produced splinters and offshoots that range from Jemaah Islamiyah to non-violent religious groups.

Establishment

During the Indonesian National Revolution, Kartosoewirjo founded his own band of fighters in West Java, called Hizbullah and Sabilillah. As a protest toward the Renville Agreement signed by Indonesian leaders in 1948, which ceded West Java to the Dutch, Kartosoewirjo proclaimed a Darul Islam (meaning "Islamic State") in West Java on 7 August 1949. Darul Islam did not disband itself after the transfer of sovereignty in 1949, resulting in a clash with the government of the Indonesian Republic. Rebels in South Sulawesi led by army deserter Abdul Kahar Muzakkar joined the Darul Islam Movement in 1951. On 20 September 1953, Daud Beureu'eh declared that Aceh was part of the "Islamic State of Indonesia" (Negara Islam Indonesia) under the leadership of Kartosoewirjo.

The movement flourished in the 1950s due to chronic instability within the central government during the Liberal Democracy Era. In 1957, it was estimated that the Darul Islam controlled one-third of West Java and more than 90% of South Sulawesi and Aceh provinces where the government only controlled the cities and towns. The movement had 15,000 armed guerillas operating under the banner of Tentara Islam Indonesia (Indonesian Islamic Army). In that year, Darul Islam agents unsuccessfully attempted to assassinate Sukarno by throwing grenades at him during a school function in Cikini, Central Jakarta.

Proclamation of Darul Islam

Original text

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
Dengan nama Allah Jang Maha Murah dan Jang Maha Asih
أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّٰهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ ٱللَّٰهِ

Kami, ummat Islam Bangsa Indonesia

MENJATAKAN:

Berdirinja ”NEGARA ISLAM INDONESIA”

Maka hukum jang berlaku atas

Negara Islam Indonesia itu, ialah:

HUKUM ISLAM

Allahu Akbar! Allahu Akbar! Allahu Akbar!

Atas nama Ummat Islam Bangsa Indonesia

IMAM NEGARA ISLAM INDONESIA

(SM. KARTOSUWIRJO)

MADINAH-INDONESIA 12 SYAWAL 1368|7 AGUSTUS 1949

Translation

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

I bear witness that there is no deity but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah

We, the Muslims of Indonesia

HEREBY DECLARE:

The establishment of the "ISLAMIC STATE OF INDONESIA"

Therefore, the law in effect in

the Islamic state of Indonesia is:

ISLAMIC LAW

God is great! God is great! God is great!

In the name of the Muslims of Indonesia

IMAM OF THE ISLAMIC STATE OF INDONESIA

(SM. KARTOSUWIRJO)

MADINAH-INDONESIA 12 SHAWWAL 1368|7 AUGUST 1949

Crackdown

The implementation of martial law in 1957, followed by declaration of Guided Democracy by Sukarno in 1959, marked the reversal of fortunes for Darul Islam. Smaller Darul Islam bands operating in Central Java under Amir Fatah were crushed by Colonel Ahmad Yani's Banteng Raiders in 1954–1957. Darul Islam forces in South Kalimantan under Ibnu Hadjar were forced to surrender in 1959. Amir Fatah was killed in 1954, while Ibnu Hadjar was eventually executed in 1962.

Three years of negotiations (1959–1962) led to a peace agreement that ended the conflict in Aceh, in which Aceh was restored as an autonomous province with special rights for Islamic law. Introduction of effective "fence-of-legs" method of encircling rebel mountain hideouts in 1959 succeeded in breaking the strong rebel grip over West Java's rural areas. On 4 June 1962, Kartosoewirjo was captured on his hideout of Mount Geber near Garut. In captivity, Kartosoewirjo issued order for all his followers to surrender, after which he was quickly tried and executed. The last Darul Islam band in West Java surrendered in August 1962. Successive military operations also crushed the Darul Islam in South Sulawesi. In February 1965, its leader Kahar Muzakkar was killed in a military ambush in the interior of Southeast Sulawesi province, ending the Darul Islam insurgency in Indonesia.

However, despite the group being dismantled, underground networks have persisted. In the 1970s and 1980s, there were occurrences of 'Islamic' terrorism attributed to a group known as Komando Jihad. The leaders arrested from this group were found to be Darul Islam veterans.

Underground movement

According to the director of the National Counter Terrorism Agency brigadier general of police Ahmad Nurwakhid, Darul Islam carrying out underground movements and recruitment.

Until May 2022, Detachment 88 had arrested more than 20 members of Darul Islam Indonesia and Detachment 88 revealed that members of Darul Islam Indonesia in West Sumatera had planned various low-level terror attacks using machetes and campaigns to overthrow the government with a time limit of 2024. On the other hand, observers note that the Darul Islam Indonesia threat is too exaggerated because its cells are currently too small and uncoordinated to inflict a significant attack on the government. Although Darul Islam Indonesia existence is temporarily shrouded in the shadows of Jemaah Islamiyah and Jamaah Ansharut Daulah, the police report that their activities are continuing. Currently, Darul Islam Indonesia has cells in seven regions, including Jakarta, Banten, West Java, Bali, Sulawesi, Maluku, and West Sumatra each of which operates in a “structured and systematic” manner in carrying out a four-step recruitment system to check and indoctrinate sympathizers. In West Sumatera alone, the system reportedly recruited more than 1,125 members of Darul Islam Indonesia of which 400 were active members and the rest were part of its inactive cells.

See also

• Darul Islam rebellion
• Mujahedeen KOMPAK

References

• Dijk, C. van (Cornelis) Rebellion under the banner of Islam : the Darul Islam in Indonesia The Hague: M. Nijhoff,1981.ISBN 90-247-6172-7

1. "Gerakan Islam Bawah Tanah NII, Berpotensi Ganti Paham Ideologi Bangsa - Ketik News". 14 April 2022.
2. "Ancaman Darul Islam di Indonesia".
3. "Polisi Ungkap Jaringan Teroris NII Aktif Gerak Rekrut Anggota di Indonesia". 11 April 2022.
4. Dwi Bowo Raharjo. "Diciduk di Tangerang, ini identitas dan peran lima tersangka terduga teroris NII". suara.com. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
5. "Ancaman Darul Islam di Indonesia".
6. Luthfi Assyaukanie (2009), Islam and the Secular State in Indonesia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, p. xiv
7. Savitri, Putu Indah (30 March 2022). Hayat, Nurul (ed.). "BNPT minta masyarakat waspadai gerakan Negara Islam Indonesia". Antara News (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2023-03-25.
8. Satria, Alif (2022-05-12). "Ancaman Darul Islam di Indonesia". Benar News (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2023-03-25.

External links

• (in Indonesian) Ahmad Sudirman page

v t e Islam in Indonesia
Branches	Shia Islam Ahmadiyya Kejawèn Old divisions Abangan Priyayi Santri
Major figures	Classic era Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari [id] Nawawi al-Bantani [id] Hamzah Fansuri Yusuf al-Makassari Malikussaleh Ismail al-Khalidi al-Minangkabawi Abdullah al-Misri Padri Tuanku Imam Bonjol Tuanku Rao Tuanku Tambusai Abdus Samad al-Palimbani [id] Wali Sanga Sunan Ampel Sunan Bonang Sunan Drajat Sunan Giri Sunan Gunung Jati Maulana Malik Ibrahim Sunan Kalijaga Sunan Kudus Sunan Murya Abdurrauf Singkil Ali Mughayat Syah Tuanku Nan Tuo Burhanuddin Ulakan Usman bin Yahya National Awakening era Abdullah Ahmad Abdul Karim Amrullah Hasyim Asy'ari Ahmad Dahlan Tahir bin Jalaluddin Muhammad Jamil Jambek Mas Mansoer Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi Haji Misbach Sulaiman ar-Rasuli Mohammad Roem Rasuna Said Agus Salim Tjokroaminoto Post- independence Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif Azyumardi Azra Abu Bakar Bashir Idham Chalid Djohan Effendi Abdullah Gymnastiar Hamka Wahid Hasyim Kartosoewirjo Nurcholish Madjid Harun Nasution Mohammad Natsir Amien Rais Muhammad Rizieq Shihab Quraish Shihab Ma'ruf Amin Said Aqil Siradj Abdul Somad Abdurrahman Wahid Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas Muhammad Luthfi bin Yahya
Organizations	Civil society Alkhairaat Campus Dakwah Institute Hidayatullah Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals Indonesia Institute of Islamic Dawah Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council Indonesian Mujahedeen Council Indonesian Ulema Council Al-Irshad Al-Islamiya Islamic Defenders Front Liberal Islam Network Majelis Rasulullah Muhammadiyah Aisyiyah Muslim Students' Association Nahdlatul Ulama GP Ansor JATMAN Nahdlatul Wathan PERSIS PERTI Rabithah Alawiyah Sarekat Islam Sumatera Thawalib Wahdah Islamiyah Political parties Crescent Star Party Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party Masyumi Party National Awakening Party National Mandate Party Prosperous Justice Party Ummah Party United Development Party Militia Banser Darul Islam Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid Jamaah Islamiyah Laskar Jihad Mujahidin Indonesia Timur
History	Pre- independence Spread of Islam in Indonesia Ottoman embassy to Aceh Wali Sanga Islamic Kingdoms in Indonesia Aceh Sultanate Demak Sultanate Kingdom of Kaimana Gowa Sultanate Malacca Sultanate Mataram Sultanate Samudera Pasai Sultanate Ternate Sultanate Tidore Sultanate Yogyakarta Sultanate Padri War Post- independence Jakarta Charter Petition of Fifty Tanjung Priok massacre Talangsari incident Insurgency in Aceh Maluku sectarian conflict Poso riots Fatwa on Religious Pluralism, Liberalism, and Secularism Operation Tinombala / Madago Raya December 2016 Jakarta protests
Culture	Adat Architecture Bedug Tajug Babad Tanah Jawi Costumes Kupiah Songkok Sarong Hadroh Khaul [id] Kauman Lebaran Manakiban Maulid Mosques Istiqlal Mosque Musabaqah Tilawatil Quran Qasidah Rebana Sholawatan Saman Sejarah Banten Sekaten Serak Gulo Slametan Suroan [id] Suronan [id] Tabligh Akbar Tabuik Tahlilan Takbiran [id] Tausiyah Tirakatan [id] Tombo Ati Wetu Telu Yaqowiyu Yasinan
Education	Al-Munir Iqro Jamiat Kheir Kitab kuning Kota santri Kyai LIPIA Pesantren Tafsir Al-Mishbah
Movements	Islam Nusantara Islam Yes, Islamic Party No Islamic criminal law in Aceh Jama’ah Tabligh Jemaah Tarbiyah Modernist Traditionalist
By region	Aceh West Sumatra East Java Central Sulawesi
Mosques in Indonesia History of Indonesia National Heroes of Indonesia

v t e Indonesian National Revolution
Prelude	Dutch East Indies Indonesian National Awakening Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies Proclamation of Independence
Diplomatic efforts	Malino Conference Linggadjati Agreement Denpasar Conference United Nations Security Council Resolution 27 Renville Agreement Roem–Van Roijen Agreement Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference
Armed conflict	Indonesian National Armed Forces Royal Netherlands Army Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Darul Islam Kalimantan Physical Revolution Dayak Desa War Battle of Kumai Bersiap Battle of Kotabaru Battle of Medan Battle of Semarang Battle of Ambarawa Battle of Surabaya Kolaka incident Cumbok affair Lengkong incident East Sumatra revolution Bandung Sea of Fire Battle of Margarana South Sulawesi campaign 3 March affair Dutch police actions Operation Product Operation Kraai Madiun Affair Yogyakarta and Surakarta Offensive General Offensive of 1 March 1949 Siege of Surakarta
Key figures	Abdul Haris Nasution Hubertus van Mook Mohammad Hatta Raymond Westerling Simon Spoor Sudirman Sukarno Sutan Sjahrir Sutomo Tan Malaka

• Islamic organizations established in 1942
• Islamist groups
• Islamic organizations based in Indonesia
• Islamism in Indonesia
• Separatism in Indonesia
• Former unrecognized countries
• States and territories established in 1949
• 1942 establishments in the Dutch East Indies