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The enzyme isoprene synthase (EC 4.2.3.27) catalyzes the chemical reaction

prenyl pyrophosphate ${\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }$ isoprene + diphosphate

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically those carbon-oxygen lyases acting on phosphates. The systematic name of this enzyme class is prenyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (isoprene-forming). Other names in common use include ISPC, and ISPS.

References

• Silver GM, Fall R (1991). "Enzymatic Synthesis of Isoprene from Dimethylallyl Diphosphate in Aspen Leaf Extracts". Plant Physiology. 97 (4): 1588–1591. doi:10.1104/pp.97.4.1588. PMC 1081206. PMID 16668590.
• Silver GM, Fall R (1995). "Characterization of aspen isoprene synthase, an enzyme responsible for leaf isoprene emission to the atmosphere". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (22): 13010–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.22.13010. PMID 7768893.
• Wildermuth MC, Fall R (1996). "Light-Dependent Isoprene Emission (Characterization of a Thylakoid-Bound Isoprene Synthase in Salix discolor Chloroplasts)". Plant Physiology. 112 (1): 171–182. doi:10.1104/pp.112.1.171. PMC 157936. PMID 12226383.
• Schnitzler JP, Arenz R, Steinbrecher R, Lehming A (1996). "Characterization of an Isoprene Synthase from Leaves of Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl". Botanica Acta. 109 (3): 216–221. doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1996.tb00566.x.
• Miller B, Oschinski C, Zimmer W (2001). "First isolation of an isoprene synthase gene from poplar and successful expression of the gene in Escherichia coli". Planta. 213 (3): 483–7. doi:10.1007/s004250100557. PMID 11506373. S2CID 35340315.
• Sivy TL, Shirk MC, Fall R (2002). "Isoprene synthase activity parallels fluctuations of isoprene release during growth of Bacillus subtilis". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 294 (1): 71–5. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00435-7. PMID 12054742.
• Sasaki K, Ohara K, Yazaki K (2005). "Gene expression and characterization of isoprene synthase from Populus alba". FEBS Letters. 579 (11): 2514–8. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2005.03.066. PMID 15848197.
• Schnitzler JP, Zimmer I, Bachl A, Arend M, Fromm J, Fischbach RJ (2005). "Biochemical properties of isoprene synthase in poplar (Populus x canescens)". Planta. 222 (5): 777–86. doi:10.1007/s00425-005-0022-1. PMID 16052321. S2CID 29955976.
• Vickers CE, Possell M, Cojocariu C, Velikova V, Laothawornkitkul J, Ryan A, Mullineaux PM, Hewitt CN (2009). "Isoprene synthesis protects transgenic tobacco plants from oxidative stress". Plant, Cell & Environment. 32 (5): 520–31. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.01946.x. PMID 19183288.
• Vickers CE, Possell M, Hewitt CN, Mullineaux P (2010). "Genetic structure and regulation of isoprene synthase in Poplar (Populus spp.)". Plant Molecular Biology. 73 (4–5): 547–58. doi:10.1007/s11103-010-9642-3. PMID 20467886. S2CID 22907306.
• Vickers CE, Possell M, Laothawornkitkul J, Ryan AC, Hewitt CN, Mullineaux P (2011). "Isoprene synthesis in plants – lessons from a transgenic tobacco model". Plant, Cell & Environment. 34 (6): 1043–53. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02303.x. PMID 21388420.

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