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Giuseppe Garibaldi in 2004
History
Italy
Name	Giuseppe Garibaldi
Namesake	Giuseppe Garibaldi
Builder	Fincantieri Monfalcone (Gorizia)
Cost	Lire 428 billion (1981) (equivalent to €903.63 million in 2019)
Laid down	26 March 1981
Launched	11 June 1983
Commissioned	30 September 1985
Decommissioned	1 October 2024
Homeport	Taranto
Identification	Pennant number: 551
Motto	Obbedisco "I Obey"
Status	Retired
General characteristics
Type	ASW aircraft cruiser/aircraft carrier
Displacement	- 10,100 t (9,900 long tons) (standard) - 13,850 t (13,630 long tons) (full load) - 14,150 t (13,930 long tons) (full load, after 2003 MLU)
Length	180.2 m (591 ft)
Beam	33.4 m (110 ft)
Draught	8.2 m (27 ft)
Propulsion	- 4 × General Electric/Avio LM2500 gas turbines, 60,400 kW (81,000 hp) - 6 × diesel engine generators Grandi Motori Trieste B230/12, 9,360 kW (12,550 hp) with electric generator Ansaldo-Elettrital, 1,560 kW (2,090 hp) each
Speed	30 kn (56 km/h; 35 mph)+
Range	7,000 nmi (13,000 km; 8,100 mi) at 20 kn (37 km/h; 23 mph)
Complement	- 830, of which: 550 Crew up to 180 for Fleet Air Arm up to 100 C staff
Sensors and processing systems	- Selenia MM/SPS-768 (RAN 3L) long-range radar - Selenia SPS-774 (RAN-10S) early warning radar - Hughes AN/SPS-52C early warning, E band radar - Selenia SPS-702 CORA surface search radar - 2 × GEM Elettronica SPN-749 navigation radar - Selenia SPN-728 approach radar - 3 × Selenia RTN-30X fire control radar, for Albatross/Aspide - 3 × Selenia RTN-20X fire control radar, for CIWS 40/70 mm - Raytheon DE 1160 LF hull sonar (replaced by WASS DMS-2000 in 2003) - Selenia CMS SADOC-3 - TACAN Face Standard URN-25
Electronic warfare & decoys	- Elettronica Spa SLQ-732 jamming system - 2 × OTO Melara SCLAR decoy launcher - AN/SLQ-25 Nixie towed torpedo decoy
Armament	2 × Mk.29 octuple launcher for Sea Sparrow/Selenia Aspide SAM 3 × Oto Melara Twin 40L70 DARDO 2 × 324 mm triple torpedo tubes 4 × Otomat Mk 2 SSMs (removed in 2003)
Aircraft carried	up to 18 AV-8B Harrier II fighter/bombers Augusta SH-3D or AgustaWestland AW101 helicopters (ASW, ASH and AEW)
Notes	flight deck is length 174.0 m (570.9 ft) and 30.0 m (98.4 ft) wide

Giuseppe Garibaldi was an Italian aircraft carrier, the first through-deck aviation ship ever built for the Italian Navy, and the first Italian ship built to operate fixed-wing aircraft. Although she was widely recognised as a carrier first and foremost, she was officially designated as an aircraft-carrying cruiser. The ship was equipped with short take-off and vertical landing (STOVL) aircraft and helicopters. Giuseppe Garibaldi was involved in combat air operations off Somalia, Kosovo, Afghanistan and Libya.

The ship was retired in 2024 and replaced by the carrier Trieste.

Design

The Giuseppe Garibaldi was the fourth ship of the Italian Navy to be named after the 19th-century Italian General Giuseppe Garibaldi. All four ships, including the missile cruiser, together with an image of Garibaldi, were depicted in the crest.

Built by Fincantieri (Italcantieri) at the Monfalcone shipyards on the Gulf of Trieste, it was laid down on 26 March 1981, launched on 11 June 1983, and commissioned on 30 September 1985. Garibaldi was classed as an anti-submarine warfare carrier (ASW), and was based in Taranto.

The ship was powered by four Fiat COGAG gas turbines built under license from GE, offering a sustained power of 81,000 hp (60 MW). Driving two shafts the ship had a maximum speed of 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph) and could travel for 7,000 nautical miles (13,000 km; 8,100 mi) at around 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph).

The ship was equipped with four Otomat Mk2 short range surface-to-surface missile system installed at the stern of the vessel (removed in 2003 to improve the flight deck and satellite communications) and two ILAS three triple tube torpedo launchers. Defences was provided by two eight-cell SAM launchers firing the SARH Aspide missile, and three Oto Melara Twin 40L70 DARDO CIWS.

The ship also had several countermeasures, including two SCLAR twenty-barrel launchers for chaff, decoy, flares, or jammers, the SLQ-25 Nixie and SLAT anti-torpedo systems and ECM systems.

The air arm consisted of a maximum of sixteen AV-8B Harrier IIs and two search and rescue helicopters, or eighteen Agusta helicopters or a mix of helicopters and fighters. The flight deck had the characteristic off-axis design with a 6.5-degree ski-jump for STOL aircraft; it was 174 m (571 ft) long and 30.4 m (100 ft) wide.

A 1937 law gave control of all national fixed-wing air assets to the Italian Air Force, and the navy was only permitted to operate helicopters. At the time of the ship's commissioning of Garibaldi, the Italian Naval Aviation did not receive her Harriers, so it was reclassified as an Incrociatore portaeromobili (Italian for Aircraft carrying cruiser). Until 1988 only Italian helicopters landed on her deck, as well as Royal Navy Sea Harriers during NATO joint maneuvers. The ban on fixed-wing aircraft was lifted in 1989, and the Italian Navy acquired Harrier II fighters to fly from the Giuseppe Garibaldi.

In 2009 Giuseppe Garibaldi was replaced as the flagship of the Italian Navy by the new and larger carrier Cavour.

The ship underwent a modernization in 2003 and a major restructuring in 2013.

Combat operations

In 1999 with the Kosovo War in the Balkans, Italy committed Harrier AV-8B II+ fighters embarked aboard Giuseppe Garibaldi from 13 May to early June 1999. The planes carried out 30 sorties in 63 hours of flight. The aircraft used Mk 82 GBU-16 bombs and AGM-65 Maverick missiles. The Italian naval force, in addition to the aircraft carrier Giuseppe Garibaldi with her air group, included the Maestrale-class frigate Zeffiro.

Following the attacks of 11 September 2001 and the war on terror declared by U.S. President Bush, Italy participated in Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan. Giuseppe Garibaldi was engaged as the command ship of GRUPNAVIT I, 1 Italian Naval Group, which also included Zeffiro, the patrol team and the airman supplier in Etna. The group set sail from Taranto on 18 November 2001. They trained in the Indian Ocean from 3 December 2001 to 1 March 2002 and returned to Taranto on 18 March 2002. During the mission, the AV-8B Harrier unit carried out 288 missions for a total of 860 hours of flight. Tasks carried out included interception/interdiction, sea and air support, and aircraft interdiction in Afghanistan.

Participating in the 2011 military intervention in Libya after the transfer of authority to NATO and the decision to participate in strike air-ground operations, the Italian government assigned under NATO command four Italian Navy AV-8B plus (from Garibaldi) in addition to Italian air force aircraft. As of 24 March, the Italian Navy was engaged in Operation Unified Protector with the light aircraft carrier Garibaldi, the Maestrale-class frigate Libeccio and the auxiliary ship Etna. Additionally the Orizzonte-class frigate Andrea Doria and Maestrale-class frigate Euro were patrolling off the Sicilian coast in an air-defence role. In total, until the end of the mission in Libya, the eight Italian Navy AV-8Bs flying from the carrier Giuseppe Garibaldi dropped 160 guided bombs during 1221 flight hours.

See also

• Italian Naval Aviation
• Italian aircraft carrier Cavour
• Italian landing helicopter dock Trieste
• List of naval ship classes in service

References

1. ^ Gardiner, Robert (1983). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1982, Part One: The Western Powers. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 66. ISBN 0-87021-918-9.
2. "Giuseppe Garibaldi Portaeromobili". GlobalSecurity. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
3. "Garibaldi" (in Italian). 11 August 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-08-11. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
4. Thomas Newdick (15 February 2021). "All You Need To Know About Italy's F-35 Carrier That Just Arrived In The US". The War Zone. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
5. Dreadnaughtz (17 March 2023). "Giuseppe Garibaldi, 1st Italian STOVL carrier". Naval Encyclopedia. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
6. Giuseppe Garibaldi – light aircraft carrier Archived 2016-12-31 at the Wayback Machine military-today.com
7. "Issue 11 – Harrier: The Harrier Abroad". Aviation Classics. 28 July 2011. Archived from the original on 1 January 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
8. "contributo nazionale operazione "Odissey Dawn"". Italian Ministry of Defense. 11 June 2011. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011.
9. "Operazione "Unified Protector": navi italiane partecipano all'embargo" (in Italian). Italian Ministry of Defense. 25 March 2011. Archived from the original on 14 April 2019.
10. "La Marina Militare in campo per la crisi libica e i flussi migratori" (in Italian). Ministry of Defence of the Italian Republic. 21 March 2011. Archived from the original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
11. "Libia: nave Andrea Doria nel canale di Sicilia con compiti di difesa aerea da attacchi missilistici" (in Italian). GrNet.it. 19 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 December 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
12. Kington, Tom (14 December 2011). "Italy Gives Bombing Stats for Libya Campaign". Defense News. Archived from the original on 28 July 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2015.

External links

• Aircraft carrier Giuseppe Garibaldi Marina Militare website

• Italy
• Engineering

v t e Ship classes of the Italian Navy
Aircraft carriers	Cavour Giuseppe Garibaldi
Amphibious ships	San Giorgio class LCM62 class MTM217 class MTP96 class
Destroyers	Nicoloso da Recco (Navigatori class) Grecale (Maestrale class) Granatiere (Soldati class) Artigliere class (Benson/Gleaves class) Fante class (Fletcher class) San Giorgio class Impetuoso class Impavido class Audace class Durand de la Penne class
Frigates	Aldebaran class (Cannon class) Centauro class Bergamini class Alpino class Lupo class Maestrale class Soldati class Orizzonte class Bergamini class
Corvettes	Antilope class Gabbiano class Alabarda Albatros class Sentinella Pietro De Cristofaro class Minerva class
Patrol boats	Comandanti class Cassiopea class Sirio class Esploratore class Thaon di Revel class
Submarines	Enrico Tazzoli class (Gato class) Evangelista Torricelli class (Balao class) Gianfranco Gazzana-Priaroggia class (Tench class) Livio Piomarta class (Tang class) Marconi class Toti class Sauro class Todaro (Type 212) SRV-300
Minesweepers	Gaeta class Lerici class
Auxiliary ships	Etna class Stromboli class Anteo Marino class Elettra Alliance Leonardo Ammiraglio Magnaghi Ninfe class Rossetti class Simeto class Bormida Panarea class Gorgona class Ponza class GGS 1012 class Atlante class Ciclope class RP 101 class RP 113 class RP 118 class Ercole Porto class Cheradi Argo
Training ships	Amerigo Vespucci Palinuro Italia Orsa Maggiore Caroly Capricia Stella Polare Corsaro II
Floating dry docks	GO 59 GO 58 GO 55 GO 52 GO 22 GO 20 GO 11
Future ships	LHD Trieste PPA LSS Vulcano Cabrini class (UNPAV) USSP UIOM DDX
S Single ship of class C Served in World War II X Imported

• Naval ships of Italy
• Aircraft carriers of the Italian Navy
• Ships built in Monfalcone
• 1983 ships
• Aircraft carriers of Italy
• Ships built by Fincantieri
• Giuseppe Garibaldi
• Aircraft cruiser classes