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Estey Organ

Estey's advertisement circa 1866–1872.
Industry	Musical instruments
Founded	1850s
Founder	Jacob Estey
Defunct	c. 1961
Headquarters	Brattleboro, Vermont
Area served	Worldwide
Products	Pump organs (Melodeon, American reed organ) Pipe organs, Theatre organs, Electronic organs

The Estey Organ Company was an organ manufacturer based in Brattleboro, Vermont, founded in 1852 by Jacob Estey. At its peak, the company was one of the world's largest organ manufacturers, employed about 700 people, and sold its high-quality items as far away as Africa, Great Britain, Australia, and New Zealand. Estey built around 500,000 to 520,000 pump organs between 1846 and 1955.

History

Jacob Estey

Jacob Estey (1814–1890) born in Hinsdale, New Hampshire, ran away from an orphanage to Worcester, Massachusetts, where he learned the plumbing trade. In 1835 he arrived in Brattleboro, Vermont at age 21 to work in a plumbing shop. He soon bought the shop, beginning a long career as a successful businessman. He died in 1890.

About 1850, Estey built a two-story shop in Brattleboro and rented it out to a small company that manufactured melodeons. When the renters ran short of cash, Estey took an interest in the business in lieu of rent, eventually becoming sole proprietor. Despite having no musical talent or skills as an inventor, Jacob Estey grew the company into a great success, giving up the plumbing business. In 1855, Estey organized the first manufacturing company to bear his name, Estey & Greene—followed by Estey & Company, J. Estey & Company, Estey Organ Company—and finally, Estey Organ Corporation. In advertising copy the company claimed to have been building organs since 1846.

Jacob Estey saw the manufacturing and sale of these instruments, later known as American reed organs, as a new business opportunity.

Estey reed organs in the 19th century

Estey started production in 1850 with about 75 instruments per year. After a flood threatened his downtown factory, Estey built a new factory on Birge street. The Birge street factory opened in 1870, producing 250 organs per month. The company grew quickly, building its 100,000th organ in 1880, and its 200,000th organ in 1888.

In 1892 the Estey company employed 500 men and built 1200 to 1500 organs per month. In August 1892, Estey commemorated the making of its 250,000th organ with an elaborate ceremony which included fireworks, an orchestra, and prominent guests including state representative James Loren Martin and Vermont governor John B. Page.

• Portable melodeon by Estey & Green (1855-1863)
• Piano style melodeon (1867)
• American reed organ (Cottage organ style)
• Chapel organ (1864-1882)
• Parlor organ with top (1897)
• Pipe-top parlor organ
• Boudoir organ with pipe-top (1882, a style)
• Salon organ (late 19th century, a style)
• Church Phonorium organ (late 19th century, a style)
• Cathedral organ with pipe-top (1890, a style)

Estey in the early 20th century

Over its more than one hundred years, the Vermont Estey company became one of the largest and best known manufacturer of reed organs in the world. It made more than 520,000 instruments, all labeled Brattleboro, Vt. USA. In 1901, Estey Organ Company began making pipe organs, and became one of the largest American pipe organ manufacturers. They built and sold more than 3,200 pipe organs across the U.S. and abroad. The company provided organs for many important locations, including New York City's Capital Theatre, the Sacramento, CA Municipal Auditorium, and Henry Ford's home in Dearborn, Michigan.

Also during the era of silent films, Estey made over 160 theatre organs.

Estey Organ after World War II

Following World War II, Estey developed and manufactured electronic organs, joining a limited number of companies that manufactured all three types of organs—reed, pipe, and electronic. In the 1950s, Harald Bode joined Estey. He had been a pioneer in the research and development of electronic musical instrument since the 1930s, and had developed the Bode Organ in 1951. At Estey, he helped develop the Estey Electronic Organ model S and AS-1 (1954), then served as a chief engineer and a vice-president of Estey during the late 1950s.

Estey Organ Company Factory

Estey Organ Company Factory
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Old Estey Organ Factory (Brattleboro, Vermont)
Location	Birge St., Brattleboro, Vermont
Coordinates	42°50′51″N 72°34′4″W / 42.84750°N 72.56778°W / 42.84750; -72.56778
Area	5 acres (2.0 ha)
Built	1870 (1870)
NRHP reference No.	80000344 (original) 06001232 (increase)
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	April 17, 1980
Boundary increase	January 9, 2007

The Estey Organ Company's main factory was located southwest of downtown Brattleboro, on the south side of Whetstone Brook between Birge and Organ Streets. At its height, the complex had more than 20 buildings, many of which were interconnected by raised walkways and covered bridges. Several of the buildings were built with distinctive slate siding, resulting in an architecturally unique collection of such structures in the state. One of the buildings now houses the Estey Organ Museum; the entire surviving complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, both for its architecture, and as a major economic force in Brattleboro for many years.

Social contributions by Estey family

The Estey family had a long tradition of company leadership and community involvement, including residential development such as Esteyville; banking; town government; schools; fire protection; military units; churches; and Vermont state politics and government. Estey Hall on the campus of Shaw University is named after Estey, who contributed to the construction of the building. It was the first building in the entire U.S. dedicated for the higher education of African-American women.

See also

• Edwin S. Votey
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Windham County, Vermont
• List of New York City Designated Landmarks in the Bronx - Estey Piano Company Factory

References

1. Ahern, Douglas (2013). "Arnold Bernard and Estey". The History of the Magnatone Amplifier. MagnatoneAmps.com. In 1959, Estey acquired Magna Electronics and made Chilton the president of the Estey Corporation. Headquarters moved from the east coast to the Torrance where a line organs would be added to what was already in production under the Magnatone name. Some vague words were spoken in regard to keeping the Brattleboro operation going, but it seemed unlikely. Within a year or two, the 100 year legacy of Estey organ manufacturing finally came to an end, and the doors were closed for good.
2. "Mason Buys Estey Organ Shop". North Adams Transcript. November 3, 1961.
3. Hall, Henry (1896). Americas Successful Men of Affairs (Volume II ed.). New York Tribune. pp. 287–289.
4. "Advertisement - Estey Organ Corporation" (PDF). The Diapason. 34 (3): 6. February 1, 1943. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 31, 2022. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
5. ^ "250,000: The Estey Organ Company commemorates the production of an organ bearing this number". The Vermont Phoenix. 19 August 1892. p. 1. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
6. "250,000: The Estey Organ Company commemorates the production of an organ bearing this number". The Vermont Phoenix. 19 August 1892. p. 8. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
7. "A Brief Chronology of the Estey Organ Company". EsteyOrganMuseum.org. Brattleboro, Vermont: Estey Organ Museum. Below is a very brief chronology of the Estey Organ Company. For a comprehensive examination of the company, we recommend the book, Manufacturing the Muse by Dennis Waring.(Waring 2002)
8. 1867 Estey catalogue, J. Estey & Company, The Estey Perfect Melodeons", "Piano Style. / Nos. 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13. / Rosewood, Round Corners, Serpentine Mouldings.; also published as Figure 7 on Waring 2002, p. 24
9. ^ PumpOrganRestorations.com
10. 1890 Estey catalogue, Estey Organ Company, Boudoir Organ. -- Pipe Organ Top. / Rosewood, Round Corners, Serpentine Mouldings.; also published as Figure 9 on: Waring 2002, p. 26
11. 1881 Estey catalogue, Estey Organ Company, The J. Estey & Company "New Salon Organ"; also published as Figure 2 on: Waring 2002, p. 3
12. "The Phonorium Organ". The Estey Organ Virtual Museum.
13. 1890 Estey catalogue. Estey Organ Company. Estey Cathedral Organ (with pipe top) ...; also published as Figure 8 on: Waring 2002, p. 25
14. "Manufacturer: Estey". Opus List Database, The Theatre Organ Home Page (TheatreOrgans.com). Retrieved 2017-04-22. 167 items were found
15. "Search results: "Theatre Organ" on esteyorgan.com: about 18 pages". Google.com. Retrieved 2013-10-26.
16. ^ Rhea, Tom (May 2004), "Harald Bode", Video History Project, Experimental Television Center
17. Harald's wonderful Instruments, Harald Bode News, 27 April 2010
18. Levin, John (March 6, 2010). Estey Electronic Organ model AS-1, designed by Harald Bode (photograph). Estey Organ Museum, Brattleboro, VT.
19. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
20. "NRHP nomination for Estey Organ Company Factory". National Park Service. Retrieved 2015-11-22.

Types of pump organs

• PumpOrganRestorations.com, Thirteen Different Types of Pump Organs (Types of Reed Organs)
• Estey Organ Museum, How To Find Serial Numbers In Estey Reed Organs, archived from the original on 2015-01-01, retrieved 2013-04-23

Further reading

• Waring, Dennis G. (2002). Manufacturing the Muse: Estey Organs and Consumer Culture in Victorian America. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 978-0-8195-6508-2.

External links

• The Estey Organ Virtual Museum
• Estey Organ Museum
• Ned Phoenix, Museum Founder NAMM Oral History Interview

v t e National Register of Historic Places in Windham County, Vermont
National Historic Landmarks	Naulakha Rockingham Meetinghouse
Districts	Bellows Falls Downtown Historic District Bellows Falls Neighborhood Historic District Brattleboro Downtown Historic District Canal Street–Clark Street Neighborhood Historic District Crows Nest Dickinson Estate Historic District Follett Stone Arch Bridge Historic District George–Pine–Henry Street Historic District Grafton Village Historic District Homestead–Horton Neighborhood Historic District Houghtonville Historic District Mechanicsville Historic District Middletown Rural Historic District Moore and Thompson Paper Mill Complex Newfane Village Historic District Parker Hill Rural Historic District ‡ Putney Village Historic District Rockingham Village Historic District Saxtons River Village Historic District Scott Farm Historic District Samuel Gilbert Smith Farmstead South Londonderry Village Historic District South Windham Village Historic District Stratton Mountain Lookout Tower Townshend State Park Vermont Academy Campus Historic District West Brattleboro Green Historic District West Dover Village Historic District West Townshend Village Historic District Westminster Terrace Historic District Westminster Village Historic District Whitingham Village Historic District Williams Street Extension Historic District Wilmington Village Historic District Windham Village Historic District
Buildings	Commercial Bellows Falls Times Building Broad Brook House Brooks House Estey Organ Company Factory Gas Station at Bridge and Island Streets Miss Bellows Falls Diner Tontine Building Educational/ Health Brattleboro Retreat Butterfield House Canal Street Schoolhouse District No. 1 Schoolhouse Grafton District Schoolhouse No. 2 Round Schoolhouse Vernon District Schoolhouse No. 4 Government Dover Town Hall Grafton Post Office Londonderry Town House Industrial Adams Gristmill Warehouse Bellows Falls Co-operative Creamery Complex Howard Hardware Storehouse Robertson Paper Company Complex Religious Brookline Baptist Church Christ Church First Congregational Church and Meetinghouse Grafton Congregational Church and Chapel Guilford Center Meeting House Oak Hill Cemetery Chapel Old Brick Church Pond Road Chapel Residential Corse-Shippee House Theophilus Crawford House Lewis Grout House William A. Hall House William Harris House Deacon John Holbrook House Milldean and Alexander-Davis House Park Farm Sabin–Wheat Farm Wheelock House Arthur D. and Emma J. Wyatt House Transportation Union Station
Site	Bellows Falls Petroglyph Site (VT-WD-8)
Structures	Bartonsville Covered Bridge Bridge 19 Creamery Covered Bridge East Putney Brook Stone Arch Bridge Green River Covered Bridge Green River Crib Dam Hall Covered Bridge Kidder Covered Bridge Medburyville Bridge Rice Farm Road Bridge Sacketts Brook Stone Arch Bridge Scott Covered Bridge Simpsonville Stone Arch Bridge South Newfane Bridge West Dummerston Covered Bridge West Townshend Stone Arch Bridge Williams River Route 5 Bridge Williamsville Covered Bridge Worrall Covered Bridge
Footnotes	‡ This historic property also has portions in an adjacent county.
See also: National Register of Historic Places listings in Windham County, Vermont and List of National Historic Landmarks in Vermont

• Pump organ manufacturers
• Musical instrument manufacturing companies of the United States
• Defunct manufacturing companies based in Vermont
• Buildings and structures in Brattleboro, Vermont
• Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont
• National Register of Historic Places in Windham County, Vermont