James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury

(Redirected from James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury) British politician

The Most HonourableThe Marquess of SalisburyKG PC


Lord President of the Council
In office 26 February 1858 – 11 June 1859
Monarch	Victoria
Prime Minister	The Earl of Derby
Preceded by	The Earl Granville
Succeeded by	The Earl Granville
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
In office 27 February 1852 – 17 December 1852
Monarch	Victoria
Prime Minister	The Earl of Derby
Preceded by	The Earl of Minto
Succeeded by	The Duke of Argyll
Member of the House of Lords Lord Temporal
In office 13 June 1823 – 12 April 1868 Hereditary peerage
Preceded by	The 1st Marquess of Salisbury
Succeeded by	The 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
Member of Parliament for Hertford
In office 1817–1823
Preceded by	Hon. Edward Spencer Cowper
Succeeded by	Thomas Byron
Member of Parliament for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis
In office 1813–1817
Preceded by	Hon. Edward Spencer Cowper
Succeeded by	Adolphus Dalrymple

Personal details
Born	James Brownlow William Cecil 17 April 1791 (1791-04-17)
Died	12 April 1868 (1868-04-13) (aged 76)
Nationality	British
Political party	Conservative
Spouses	Frances Gascoyne (m. 1821; died 1839) Lady Mary Sackville-West (m. 1847)
Children	11, including Robert, Eustace, and Mary Arabella
Parents	James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury Lady Emily Mary Hill

James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury, KG, PC (17 April 1791 – 12 April 1868), styled Viscount Cranborne until 1823, was a British Conservative politician. He held office under the Earl of Derby as Lord Privy Seal in 1852 and Lord President of the Council between 1858 and 1859. He was the father of Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, three times Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and grandfather of Arthur Balfour, who also served as Prime Minister.

Background

Salisbury was the son of James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury, and Lady Emily Mary Hill, daughter of Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire.

Political career

Salisbury entered the House of Commons in 1813 as Member of Parliament for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis, a seat he held until 1817, and then sat for Hertford between 1817 and 1823.

In the latter year, he succeeded his father in the marquessate and entered the House of Lords. He served in the Lord Derby's first two cabinets as Lord Privy Seal in 1852 and as Lord President of the Council between 1858 and 1859. He was sworn of the Privy Council in 1826 and made a Knight of the Garter in 1842.

Apart from his political career he also served as titular Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex between 1841 and 1868, and followed his father as colonel of the Hertfordshire Militia. During a period of unrest in 1830 he raised the South Hertfordshire Yeomanry Cavalry and commanded it with the rank of major. He was promoted to lieutenant-colonel the following year when the regiment was expanded. In 1847, however, he exchanged with his second-in-command, James Grimston, 2nd Earl of Verulam, and reverted to the rank of major.

Family

Lord Salisbury was married twice. His first marriage was on 2 February 1821 to Frances Mary Gascoyne (born 25 January 1802, died 15 October 1839), daughter of Bamber Gascoyne of Childwall Hall, Lancashire, and his wife Sarah Bridget Frances Price. A biography of her by Carola Oman appeared in 1966. Upon marrying Frances, he added her surname to his own. The couple had six children, including:

James Emilius William Evelyn Gascoyne-Cecil, Viscount Cranborne (29 October 1821 – 14 June 1865), died unmarried.
Lady Mildred Arabella Charlotte Gascoyne-Cecil (21 October 1822 – 18 March 1881), married Alexander Beresford Hope and had children.
Lord Arthur Gascoyne-Cecil (19 December 1823 – 25 April 1825), died in infancy.
Lady Blanche Mary Harriet (5 March 1825 – 16 May 1872), married James Maitland Balfour; mother of Prime Minister Arthur Balfour.
Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (3 February 1830 – 22 August 1903), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom three times between 1885 and 1902, married Georgina Alderson and had children.
Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Eustace Brownlow Henry Gascoyne-Cecil (24 April 1834 – 3 July 1921), married Lady Gertrude Louisa Scott and had children.

Lord Salisbury's second marriage, on 29 April 1847, was to Lady Mary Catherine Sackville-West, daughter of George Sackville-West, 5th Earl De La Warr, and Elizabeth Sackville-West, Countess De La Warr, with whom he had five children:

Lord Sackville Arthur Cecil (16 March 1848 – 29 January 1898), died unmarried.
Lady Mary Arabella Arthur Cecil (26 April 1850 – 18 August 1903), married Alan Stewart, 10th Earl of Galloway.
Lady Margaret Elizabeth Cecil (1850 – 11 March 1919), died unmarried.
Lord Arthur Cecil (3 July 1851– 16 July 1913), married Elizabeth Ann Wilson and had children; married secondly, in 1902, Frederica von Klenck, daughter of diplomat Baron Otto von Klenck, of Gmunden, and his British-born wife née Stewart.
Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Lionel Cecil (21 March 1853 – 13 January 1901), died unmarried.

Lord Salisbury died in April 1868, aged 76, and was succeeded as marquess by his third, eldest surviving son, Robert. The Marchioness of Salisbury died in December 1900.

References

^ thepeerage.com Sir James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury
"leighrayment.com House of Commons: West Lothian to Widnes". Archived from the original on 22 July 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
"leighrayment.com House of Commons: Hertford to Honiton". Archived from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
"No. 21296". The London Gazette. 27 February 1852. p. 634.
"No. 22103". The London Gazette. 26 February 1858. p. 1019.
leighrayment.com Privy Counsellors 1679–1835
"No. 20090". The London Gazette. 12 April 1842. p. 1017.
leighrayment.com Peerage: Saatchi to Sandys
H.G. Hart, The New Annual Army List, and Militia List, 1840.
Lt-Col J.D. Sainsbury, The Hertfordshire Yeomanry: An Illustrated History 1794–1920, Welwyn: Hart Books/Hertfordshire Yeomanry and Artillery Historical Trust, 1994, ISBN 0-948527-03-X, pp. 39–50.
The Gascoyne Heiress: The Life and Diaries of Frances Mary Gascoyne-Cecil, 1802-39 (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1968). Retrieved 7 August 2012.

External links

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded bySir John Murray Thomas Wallace John Broadhurst Henry Trail	Member of Parliament for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis 1813–1817 With: John Murray Masterton Ure Christopher Idle	Succeeded byJohn Murray Masterton Ure Christopher Idle Adolphus Dalrymple
Preceded byEdward Cowper Nicolson Calvert	Member of Parliament for Hertford 1817–1823 With: Nicolson Calvert	Succeeded byNicolson Calvert Thomas Byron
Political offices
Preceded byThe Earl of Minto	Lord Privy Seal 1852	Succeeded byThe Duke of Argyll
Preceded byThe Earl Granville	Lord President of the Council 1858–1859	Succeeded byThe Earl Granville
Honorary titles
Preceded byThe Duke of Portland	Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex 1841–1868	Succeeded byThe Duke of Wellington
Peerage of Great Britain
Preceded byJames Cecil	Marquess of Salisbury 1823–1868	Succeeded byRobert Gascoyne-Cecil

v t e Marquesses of Salisbury
James Cecil, 1st Marquess (1789–1823) James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess (1823–1868) Robert Cecil, 3rd Marquess (1868–1903) James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess (1903–1947) Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess (1947–1972) Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 6th Marquess (1972–2003) Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess (from 2003)

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