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James Fitzgerald (October 28, 1851, Ireland – December 17, 1922, Manhattan, New York City) was an American jurist and politician from New York. He held various roles including member of the New York State Assembly (New York Co., 16th D.) in 1878; member of the New York State Senate (9th D.) in 1882 and 1883; Assistant District Attorney of New York County (1884–1888); judge of the New York City Court of General Sessions (1890–1898); and justice of the New York Supreme Court (1901–1912). (In New York, the "Supreme Court" is the trial-level court of general jurisdiction, not the highest court; the highest court is called the "Court of Appeals".)

In 1907, Fitzgerald presided over the first trial of Harry K. Thaw, who was accused of murder in a case that was highly sensationalized in the press to the degree that it became an early example of the "trial of the century" phenomenon of intense public attention.

Personal background and education

He was possibly born in Limerick, Ireland. He attended the public schools in New York City and Cooper Union. Then he graduated from Columbia Law School, was admitted to the bar, and practiced in New York City. He was a clerk in the New York County Clerk's office for three years.

The Thaw murder trial

In 1907, Fitzgerald presided over the first trial of Harry K. Thaw, who was accused of murder. Thaw was the mentally unstable heir of a railroad baron, and he had killed a renowned architect, Stanford White, who had previously sexually assaulted Thaw's wife, Evelyn Nesbit, who was a famous fashion model and chorus girl. The trial was the subject of intense public interest and was highly sensationalized in the press, becoming one of the earliest examples of the "trial of the century" phenomenon. Fitzgerald ordered the jury to be sequestered, which was a highly unusual step at the time. In a contemporaneous report, the New York Times could only identify one specific previous case in which this had occurred. Fitzgerald had to declare a mistrial when the jury was unable to agree on a verdict. After a second trial in 1908 (under a different judge) ended with verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity and Thaw was incarcerated in a state hospital for the criminally insane but continued to pursue legal challenges to his incarceration, Fitzgerald suffered a nervous breakdown in 1911 that was attributed to the strain of the trial.

Death

Fitzgerald died on December 17, 1922, at his home at 34 Hamilton Terrace, in Manhattan of heart disease and was buried at the Calvary Cemetery in Queens.

References

1. ^ "James Fitzgerald, Ex-Justice, Dies" The New York Times. December 18, 1922.
2. Edgar Albert Werner, Civil List and Constitutional History of the Colony and State of New York. pp. 291 and 377. 1884.
3. "Assistant District Attorneys". The New York Times. December 28, 1883.
4. "Coming in with the New Year". The New York Times. January 1, 1890.
5. "Death of an American ex-Justice, a native of Limerick" (PDF). Limerick Chronicle. January 2, 1923.
6. ^ "Thaw Trial Begins; Defense Still Hidden". The New York Times. January 24, 1907.
7. F. Uelmen, Gerald (July 2001). "Who Is the Lawyer of the Century?" (PDF). International Society of Barristers Quarterly. 36 (3). Ann Arbor, Michigan: International Society of Barristers: 413, 435–437. ISSN 0020-8752. Retrieved August 13, 2015.
8. Uruburu, Paula, American Eve: Evelyn Nesbit, Stanford White: The Birth of the "It" Girl and the Crime of the Century. New York: Riverhead Books, 2008 ISBN 978-1594489938, p. 322
9. Thomas E. Spencer. Where They're Buried. p. 359. 1998.

• 1851 births
• 1922 deaths
• Burials at Calvary Cemetery (Queens)
• Columbia Law School alumni
• Cooper Union alumni
• Democratic Party members of the New York State Assembly
• Democratic Party New York (state) state senators
• New York Supreme Court Justices
• Politicians from New York City
• 19th-century members of the New York State Legislature