James Fowler (architect) - Misplaced Pages

English church architect

James Fowler
James Fowler memorial, Louth Church
Born	11 December 1828 Lichfield
Died	10 October 1892 Louth
Nationality	English
Occupation	Architect

James Fowler JP FRIBA (11 December 1828 – 10 October 1892), known as 'Fowler of Louth', is best known as a Victorian English church architect and associated with the restoration and renovation of churches. However, he was also the architect of a wide variety of other buildings. A listing of his work compiled in 1991 traced over 210 buildings that he designed or restored. He is known to be the architect for 24 new churches and his work also included 40 vicarages or rectories, 13 schools, four almshouses, a Savings Bank, a convalescent home and hospital as well as country houses and estate housing. Most of Fowler’s work was in Lincolnshire and particularly around Louth, but he also worked in the East Riding of Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, Staffordshire, Suffolk, London, Sussex and Devon.

Career and architectural practice

Fowler was born in Lichfield. He was a pupil of Lichfield architect Joseph Potter junior. He came to Louth in 1849, when he was employed in the construction of the Louth House of Correction (demolished 1885). He was probably working for James Sandby Padley, who was the County Surveyor for the Lincolnshire parts of Lindsey. He undertook other work for Padley, including illustrations of the Lincoln Greyfriars in Padley's Selections from the Ancient Monastic Ecclesiastical and Domestic edifices of Lincolnshire which was published in 1851. At Louth he was initially in partnership with Joseph Maughan, a surveyor and lithographer in Grimsby. The partnership lasted from 1851 until June 1859. On dissolution, it was agreed that the Surveying Department will hereafter be conducted by Mr. Maughan, and the Architectural Department by Mr. Fowler, at their usual places of business in both towns (Grimsby and Louth). Fowler had probably continued the practice of Charles John Carter, a Louth architect and surveyor, who had died in 1851.

Fowler was elected FRIBA in 1864. Amongst his pupils was Ernest William Farebrother, an architect who worked in Grimsby. He was a Surveyor for the Diocese of Lincoln between 1871 and 1886, and was for five terms the mayor of Louth. The Grimsby architect John James Cresswell worked as an articled assistant and then principal assistant to Fowler between 1877 and 1884.

Works

Domestic buildings

Houses

Dalby – Dalby Hall (1856)
Louth. Riversmead (1862). An example of a town house by Fowler: contrasting polychrome brickwork with banding and decorative voussiors, typical Gothic arched entrance.
Market Rasen – Grammar School, Headmaster's house (1863)
Langton-by-Partney – Langton Hall (1869)
Stamford – Browne's Hospital (1870)
Stamford – Warden's House (ca. 1870)
Trinity Estates, West Retford. In the 1870s Fowler laid out housing for the Trinity Hospital in Reford. An example of his designs is Lorne House, Queen Street.

Rectories and vicarages

Alford, Lincolnshire – Rectory (1852)
Amcotts – Rectory (1882 and 1888)
Frodingham vicarage, now Scunthorpe Museum (1874)
Goxhill – The Old Vicarage (1872–73)
Gunness – The Old Rectory (1864–66)
Gunness – Stable block (1864–66)
Hatton – Old Rectory (1871); red brick, like the church.
Irby – Old Rectory (1883)
Odstock, Wiltshire – Old Rectory (1869)
Redbourne – The Old Vicarage and Coach House (1861)
Ruckland – Rectory (1856)
Utterby – Rectory (1863)
Waddingham – Old Stainton (was The Old Rectory) (1860).
West Butterwick – The Old Vicarage (1863)
Willoughby – Rectory (1875)
Withcall – Old Rectory (1869)
Wroot – Rectory (1878)

Almshouses

Louth – Orme Almshouses (1885)

Louth, Bedehouses Gospelgate. Almshouses on Gospelgate, founded in 1551 and sometimes referred to as King Edward VI's Hospital or Our Lady Bede House as the land formerly belonged to the Guild of St. Mary. The current Grade II listed neo-Tudor building by Fowler in 1868–69.

Fotherby – Allenby Almshouses (1869)

Browne's Hospital, Stamford. 1870. Largely rebuilt by Fowler. Only the south range and part of the west cloister are by Fowler, who rebuilt the rest around an enlarged courtyard.

Holy Trinity Hospital, West Retford. In 1832–4 the present hospital was built to the design of Edward Blore. In 1872, Fowler (who had earlier worked on West Retford Church) was commissioned to design a new chapel and audit room. This was added to the centre of the building and at the ground floor, reusing the former common room and converting the space into a chapel. He also added the clock tower.

Schools

Caistor – Caistor Primary School and School House (1859–60)
East Ravendale – School
Louth – parts of Edward VI Grammar School (1866)
Market Rasen – De Aston School (1862), red brick headmaster's house with associated school buildings

Public buildings

Grimsby – Town Hall (1861–63). Constructed to designs by Bellamy and Hardy of Lincoln and the London architect John Giles. Fowler acted as superintending architect during construction.
Horncastle High Street – Corn Exchange by Maugham and Fowler (1855). Erected in 1856 at a cost of about £3500, was a handsome edifice of brick with stone facings, and included a newsroom, a mechanics' institute with a library, and a hall for assemblies, concerts, and lectures. Later converted into the Victory Cinema.
Louth, Lincolnshire – Police station (1865)

Shops

15 Market Place, Louth, c.1865. Venetian Gothic Revival derived style with polychrome decorated brick facade. Now in retail use.

Churches

New or completely rebuilt churches, arranged by date of construction

East Ravendale, St. Martin (1857)
Winceby, St Margaret (1860). Now demolished.
Wold Newton, All Hallows (1862)
Louth, St Michael (1862–3)
Frampton, St. Michael (1863).
Ludford, St Mary & St Peter (1863–5)
Cleethorpes, St Peter (1864–66)
Snitterby, St Nicholas (1866)
Lichfield, St Mary (1868–70)
Lincoln, St Swithin's (1869–87). Nikolaus Pevsner described this as "without doubt his most important church."
Binbrook, Ss Mary and Gabriel (1869)
Hatton, St Stephen (1870). According to Pevsner this is one of Fowler’s more satisfying small churches. Red brick with bands of stone.

London, Kenley, All Saints (1870–72)
Newington, St Mary (1886)
Temple Bruer, St John (1874)
Spridlington, St Hilary (1875)
Moorhouses, St Laurence (1875)
Denmead, All Saints (1880; with C.R. Pink)
Alford Cemetery Chapel and curator's lodge (1881). The buildings are joined by a Gothic archway for carriages. The floor is laid with Minton's ornamental tiles, the interior walls are of red brick to the moulded string course, and mixture above, with Gothic panelled arches. There is a bell turret with a bell of 75lb weight.
Sutton-in-Ashfield, St Michael and All Angels', Nottinghamshire (1887) (chancel only)

Renovated and partially rebuilt churches

Benington, Lincolnshire – All Saints (1873)

Benniworth, St Julian
Blyborough, St Alkmund (1877–88)
Brattleby, St Cuthbert (1858)
Clarborough, St John the Baptist
Bucknall, St Margaret (1884)
Claxby – St Mary (1871)
Colsterworth, St John Baptist (1876)
Croxton, St John the Evangelist (1876)
Cuxwold, St Nicholas (1860)
Dalby – St Lawrence and Bishop Edward King (1862)
East Halton, St Peter (1868)
Edlington, St Helen (1859–60)

Fotherby, St Mary (1863)
Frampton, St Michael (1863)
Gedney Hill, Holy Trinity (1875)
Grayingham, St Radegund (1870)

Great Carlton – Church of St John Baptist (1860)
Grimsby – Church of Holy Trinity and Holy Mary (1878)
Gunby – Church of St Peter (1868–70)
Hagworthingham, Holy Trinity (1859)
Halton Holegate, St Andrew (1866)
Healing, St Peter and St Paul (1874–76)
Heckington, St Andrew (1887–88)
Hibaldstow, St Hybald (1875)
Irby, Saint Andrew (1883)
Laceby, Saint Margaret (1883)
Lenton – St Peter (1879)
Leverton St Helen (1892)
Louth, St James (1861–69)
Ludborough, St Mary (1858)
Ludford Magna, St Mary and St Peter (1864)
Market Deeping, St Guthlac, 1875 or 1878
Market Rasen, St Thomas (1862)
Mavis Enderby, St Michael (1875)
Miningsby, St Andrew (1878). Demolished 1980.
Moorby, All Saints (1866), Demolished 1983.
Muckton, Holy Trinity (1878–79) Demolished 1983.
Nettleton, St John Baptist (1874)
New Clee, St John (1879)
Newton by Toft – St Michael (1860)
Normanby le Wold, St Peter (1868)
North Coates, St Nicholas (1865)
Old Bolingbroke, St Peter and St Paul (1890)
Ranby – St German (1861)
Rigsby – St James (1863)
Roxby, St Mary (1875)
Saltfleetby by St Peter, St Peter (1877)
Scawby, St Hybald (1870)
Sixhills, All Saints (1869 and 1875) The major part of this restoration work, in 1869, was by William Watkins (architect) and not by Fowler.
Skegness – St Clements (1884)
Skegness, St Matthew (1879–80)
Snitterby, St Nicholas (1866)
South Ormsby, St Leonard (1871–72)
South Reston, St Edith (1864–65)
Stainfield St Andrew
Stewton, St Andrew (1886)
Tealby All Saints (1872)
Thimbleby – St Margaret (1879)
Thoresway, St Mary (1879–80)
Thornton Curtis, St Lawrence (1884)
Toynton St Peter, St Peter (1876)
Upton – All Saints (1874–75 and 1880)
Waithe St Martin, (1861)
Waltham – Church of All Saints (1867 and 1874)
Willoughby – St Helen. Chancel rebuilt by Fowler.(1880)
Wilsthorpe – St Faith (1869)
Wroot – St Pancras (1878)
Wyham cum Cadeby All Saints (1886)
Yarburgh St John the Baptist – restoration, 1854–5

Devon

Georgeham, St George (1876)

London

Croydon, All Saints (1870–72)

Nottinghamshire

Bole – St John Baptist (1874)
Boughton, St Matthew (1868)
Nuthall – St Patrick, Nottinghamshire (1884)
Retford – St Michael the Archangel (1863).

Wiltshire

Odstock – St Mary (1870)

Yorkshire

Bainton St Andrew (1866)
Beswick St Margaret (1871)
Easby – St Agatha (1881)
Harswell, St Peter (1871)
Moor Monkton, Yorkshire. All Saints (1879)
Skipsea, All Saints (1856–60)

Cemetery chapels

Grimsby – Cemetery chapels (1854), now demolished

References

Kaye & Scorer 1992, p. 1.
Kaye & Scorer 1992, p. 78-80.
Colvin, H; A Biographical Dictionary of English Architects, 1600–1840; Yale University Press, revised 3rd edition (1995), ISBN 978-0-300-07207-5
Kaye & Scorer 1992, p. 8.
Kaye & Scorer 1992, p. 78.
Lincolnshire Chronicle, Friday 1 July 1859 4
Felstead & Franklin 2001, p. 631.
Kaye & Scorer 1992, p. 16.
Kaye & Scorer 1992, p. 5.
Historic England. "Dalby Hall (1063662)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "De Aston School, Headmaster's House (1165972)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
^ Pevsner, Harris & Antram 1989, p. ?.
Historic England. "Number 4 (Brownes Hospital) Chapel and Hall. All other buildings at Browne's Hospital (1062247)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
Historic England. "Warden's House to Browne's Hospital (1062248)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
addenda to sfn|Kaye|Scorer|1992|
Historic England. "The Old Rectory (1083282)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
"Kaye and Scorer" pg 62
Historic England. "The Old Vicarage (1214792)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
Historic England. "The Old Rectory (1346861)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
Historic England. "Stable Block Approximately 10 Metres North East of the Old Rectory (1103719)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
^ Pevsner, Harris & Antram 1989, p. 371.
Historic England. "The Old Rectory (1310234)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
Historic England. "The Old Rectory (1181842)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
Historic England. "The Old Vicarage and Coach House/stable Adjoining to Right (1346485)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
addenda to "Kaye and Scorer"
Historic England. "The Old Rectory (1359964)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Pevsner, Harris & Antram 1989, p. 775.
Historic England. "The Old Rectory (1064155)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
Historic England. "The Old Vicarage (1346713)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
Historic England. "The Rectory (1204980)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "Old Rectory (1359952)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
^ Pevsner, Harris & Antram 1989, p. 432.
Pevsner, Harris & Antram 1989, p. 305-6.
Historic England. "Allenby Almshouses (1168127)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Pevsner, Harris & Antram 1989, p. 697.
Geograph
Historic England. "Caistor Primary School and School House (1063395)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Pevsner, Harris & Antram 1989, p. 230.
Pevsner, Harris & Antram 1989, p. 305-306.
Pevsner, Harris & Antram 1989, p. 313.
Historic England. "Town Hall (1379888)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
Civil Engineer & Architect's Journal , Vol. 18, June 1855, 216
addenda to "Kaye and Scorer".
Kaye & Scorer 1992, p. 54.
Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1346950)". National Heritage List for England.
Pevsner, Harris & Antram 1989, p. 802.
Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1161343)". National Heritage List for England.
"St Michael and All Angels" Archived 30 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, stmichaels-louth.org.uk, Retrieved 12 August 2011
Historic England. "St Mary (1292270)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Swithin's Church, Free School Lane, Lincoln (Grade II*) (1388543)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
Historic England. "Church of Sts Mary and Gabriel (1063134)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Mary, Newington (1385636)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
Pevsner, Harris & Antram 1989, p. 694.
Historic England. "Church of St Hilary (1165996)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Pevsner, Harris & Antram 1989, p. 318.
O'Brien et al. 2018, p. 239.
"New Cemetery Buildings Opened". The Lincoln, Rutland and Stamford Mercury. 8 October 1881.
"Alford Burial Board tenders for Cemetery chapel and lodge". Stamford Mercury. 21 January 1881.
"Opening of a New Church at Sutton-in-Ashfield". Nottingham Evening Post. England. 29 September 1887. Retrieved 31 March 2019 – via British Newspaper Archive.
Historic England. "All Saints (1062077)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Julian (1063091)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Alkmund (1063375)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Cuthbert (1063378)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St John the Baptist (1370125)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
Historic England. "St Margaret (1359927)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Mary (1359789)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
Historic England. "St John the Baptist (1360309)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St John the Evangelist (1204608)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Nicholas (1165350)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Lawrence and Bishop Edward King (1359689)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Peter (1103729)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Helen (1063178)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Mary (1063137)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Mary (1147659)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
Historic England. "Holy Trinity (1146771)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Radegund (1063350)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
Historic England. "St John the Baptist (1360012)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "Holy Trinity and Holy Mary (1379405)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
Pevsner, Harris & Antram 1989, p. 259.
Historic England. "St Peter (1147921)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "Holy Trinity (1063670)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Andrew (1359727)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Peter and St Paul (1103466)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Andrew (1360590)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Hybald (1083707)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Andrew (1161130)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "Saint Margaret (1346952)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Peter (1253206)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Helen (1062072)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St James (1063264)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Mary (1063122)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Mary and St Peter (1307123)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "Church of St Cuthlac (1165217)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
^ Pevsner, Harris & Antram 1989, p. 552-3.
Historic England. "St Thomas (1165917)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
Historic England. "Michael (1166344)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Pevsner, Harris & Antram 1989, p. 319.
Historic England. "St John the Baptist (1063424)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Michael (1166203)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Peter (1359768)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Nicholas (1063126)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Peter and St Paul (1359705)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St German (1063064)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St James (1168596)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Pevsner, Harris & Antram 1989, p. 345.
Historic England. "St Peter (1063060)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Hybald (1083718)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "All Saints (1359515)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Lincolnshire Chronicle - Friday 07 August 1868 pg 1
Historic England. "St Clements (1229943)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
Pevsner, Harris & Antram 1989, p. 361.
Historic England. "St Matthew (1230006)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Nicholas (1165208)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Leonard (1168707)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Andrew (1359526)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Andrew (1359976)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "All Saints (1063475)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Margaret (1147090)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Mary (1165474)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Lawrence (1227786)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Peter (1146781)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "All Saints (1146810)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Martin (1359965)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "All Saints (1161283)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Helen (1063629)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Faith (1062675)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "All Saints (1307075)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Pevsner, Harris & Antram 1989, p. 818.
Robinson, addenda sheet to "Kaye and Scorer".
Historic England. "Church of St George (1107755)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
Historic England. "All Saints (1358795)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
Historic England. "Church of St John the Baptist (1370125)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Matthew (1045621)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Patrick (1248182)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Historic England. "CHURCH OF ST MICHAEL THE ARCHANGEL (1370357)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
Historic England. "St Mary (1023844)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
Historic England. "St Andrew (1083830)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 December 2011.
Pevsner, Nikolaus; The Buildings of England. Yorkshire: York and the East Riding p. 169; Penguin (1972); reprinted 1975, Pevsner Architectural Guides. ISBN 0-14-071043-4
Historic England. "St Agatha (1150665)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
Pevsner, Nikolaus; The Buildings of England. Yorkshire: York and the East Riding p. 241; Penguin (1972); reprinted 1975, Pevsner Architectural Guides. ISBN 0-14-071043-4
Pevsner, Nikolaus; The Buildings of England. Yorkshire West Riding, Penguin (1959); reprinted 1967, Pevsner Architectural Guides, pp. 372, 643. ISBN 0300096623
Historic England. "All Saints, Church Lane (1293654)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
Historic England. "All Saints (1083824)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
addenda to "Kaye and Scorer" 1992

O'Brien, Charles; Bailey, Bruce; Pevsner, Nikolaus; Lloyd, David W. (2018). Hampshire: South. The Buildings of England. London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-22503-7.
Pevsner, Nikolaus; Harris, John; Antram, Nicholas (1989). The Buildings of England: Lincolnshire. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-09620-0.
Felstead, Alison; Franklin, Jonathan (2001). Antonia Brodie (ed.). Directory of British Architects, 1834–1914: Vol. 1 (A–K). Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-0-8264-5513-0.
Kaye, David; Scorer, Sam (1992). Fowler of Louth: The Life and Works of James Fowler, Louth Architect, 1828-1892. Louth Naturalists', Antiquarian and Literary Society. ISBN 978-0-9520117-0-5.

External links

James Fowler – Church Restorer and Mayor of Louth Archived 23 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, rodcollins.com. Retrieved 12 August 2011

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