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James Merilus Simms (December 27, 1823 – July 9, 1912) was a minister, newspaper publisher, author, and elected representative in the Georgia Assembly during the Reconstruction era. He was African American.

Simms was born a slave in Savannah, Georgia. A carpenter by trade, he bought his freedom in 1857. In around 1864, having been condemned for teaching slaves, he was sentenced to be publicly whipped and fined $100 (~$1,948 in 2023). He left Savannah for Boston and became a chaplain in the Union Army, later returning to his home district. Simms may have been the same person as the James M. Symms whose company published an edition of William Wells Brown's The Black Man in 1863.

Simms and his African-American colleagues in the Georgia Assembly were prohibited from taking office after a vote by their colleagues. Federal intervention in 1870 overturned the discriminatory action. In 1871, Simms became the first African American judge in Georgia when he was appointed to the First Senatorial District Court. However, due to his unpopularity with Republicans and the white press, Simms resigned less than a year later. He wrote about his church's history in Savannah, Georgia.

In 1870, he supported the Baptist minister and Assembly delegate Ulysses L. Houston in occupying the Bryan County Baptist Church, which had been taken over by his rival Alexander Harris; for their role in this protest, Houston and Simms were both arrested.

See also

• First Bryan Baptist Church

References

1. Brief history of James Merilus Simms at the James M. Simms Lodge of Research website
2. Emanuel King Love, Deacon James M. Simms in History of the First African Baptist Church, Morning news print, 1888
3. James M. Simms by Karen Ruffle, Documenting the South
4. Leslie Harris; Daina Ramey Berry (2014). Slavery and Freedom in Savannah. University of Georgia Press. pp. 185–. ISBN 978-0-8203-4410-2.
5. Mary Ellen Snodgrass (2009). Civil Disobedience: A-Z entries. Sharpe Reference. ISBN 978-0-7656-8127-0.
6. Alice Fahs (2003). The Imagined Civil War: Popular Literature of the North & South, 1861-1865. Univ of North Carolina Press. pp. 346–. ISBN 978-0-8078-5463-1.
7. Browning, John G. (February 2023). "Standing on Broad Shoulders: The Lives and Legacy of Georgia's First Black Lawyers" (PDF). Georgia Bar Journal. 28 (4).
8. The First Colored Baptist Church in North America Constituted at Savannah, Georgia, January 20, A.D. 1788. With Biographical Sketches of the Pastors: (Electronic Edition) Simms, James M. (James Meriles)
9. Edmund L. Drago (1992). Black Politicians and Reconstruction in Georgia: A Splendid Failure. University of Georgia Press. pp. 73–. ISBN 978-0-8203-1438-9.

• 1823 births
• 1912 deaths
• African-American politicians during the Reconstruction Era
• African-American state legislators in Georgia (U.S. state)
• African-American writers
• African-American Baptist ministers
• Original 33
• 19th-century American slaves
• American carpenters
• People from Savannah, Georgia
• Georgia (U.S. state) Republicans
• 20th-century African-American people