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Jairoud جيرود
Town
Jairoud
Coordinates: 33°48′24″N 36°44′25″E / 33.80667°N 36.74028°E / 33.80667; 36.74028
Country	Syria
Governorate	Rif Dimashq
District	al-Qutayfah
Subdistrict	Jayroud
Control	Syrian Free Army
Population
• Total	24,219
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)
Area code	11

Jairoud (Arabic: جيرود; also spelled Jerud or Jayroud) is a city in southern Syria, administratively part of the Rif Dimashq Governorate, located northeast of Damascus in the Qalamoun Mountains. Nearby localities include ar-Ruhaybah, al-Qutayfah and Muadamiyat al-Qalamoun to the southwest, Yabroud, an-Nabek and Deir Atiyah to the north and al-Qaryatayn to the northeast. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Jairoud had a population of 24,219 in the 2004 census. The city is also the administrative center of the Jairoud nahiyah which consists of four towns and villages with a combined population of 31,821. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

History

Excavations at the site produced microliths, blades, scrapers and other lithic tools dating back to the Natufian culture.

During Roman times, Jairoud was known as Geroda. The city is mentioned in the Antonine Itinerary which was written during the reign of Diocletian. In the itinirary the city is one of the stations on the Roman road between Palmyra and Damascus, and is at a distance of 16 Roman miles from Telsea (modern Al-Dumayr).

Jairoud was visited by Syrian geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi in the early 13th-century, during Ayyubid rule. He noted that it was "a village of Ma'loula in the Ghautah of Damascus."

Under the Ottomans, the city served as the centre of the Jairoud Nahiyah, and was the seat of a Pasha (Mohammed Aldaas Jairoudi Pasha) and an Agha (Saleem Aldaas Agha) In the 19th century, the city was described as affluent, hospitable and "unusually clean." The city was attacked frequently by Bedouin tribes that live on the edge of the Syrian Desert.

On June 29, 2016, more than 30 people were killed when the Syrian regime bombarded the city. It was said to be the first attack on the opposition held town by the regime after a nearly two year long truce.

Geography

The city lies on the ancient merchant caravan route between Damascus and Palmyra, in the fertile plain of Jairoud on the foothills of the Qalamoun Mountains. The land is well-cultivated and is known for its produce of wheat and barley. The city lies to the western end of a large salt marsh called, "al-Mallahah".

References

1. ^ General Census of Population and Housing 2004. Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Rif Dimashq Governorate. (in Arabic)
2. Smith, in Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. 173
3. Akkermans; Schwartz, 2004, p. 27.
4. Porter, 1856, p. 47.
5. Le Strange, 1890, p.463
6. ^ Porter, 1868, p. 510.
7. Gebeily, Maya (2 July 2016). "Syrian army shelling kills more than 30 after pilot slain". AFP. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2024.

Bibliography

• Akkermans, Peter M. M. G.; Schwartz, Glenn M. (2004). The Archaeology of Syria: From Complex Hunter-Gatherers to Early Urban Societies (c.16,000-300 BC). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521796668.
• Le Strange, G. (1890). Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. OCLC 1004386.
• Porter, J.L. (1856). "Memoir on the Map of Damascus, Hauran, and the Lebanon Mountains". Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London. 26. Royal Geographical Society: 43–55. doi:10.2307/1798344. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
• Porter, J.L. (1868). A handbook for travellers in Syria and Palestine. J. Murray. Jerud syria.
• Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.

v t e Rif Dimashq Governorate
Markaz Rif Dimashq District Kiswah Subdistrict Al-Kiswah Al-Adiliyah Arkis Deir Ali Deir Khabiyah Ayn al-Bayda Ayn al-Souda Al-Horjelah Jeb as-Safa Khan Dannun Khirbet al-Shiyab Khiyarat Dannun Marana Matahriyeh Morjana Muqaylibah Qara Saada Shaqhab al-Taybah Um al-Awamid Zakiyah Zureiqiya Babbila Subdistrict Babbila Aqraba al-Bahdaliyah Beit Sahem Buwayda Hujayrah Hawsh Sahiya Khirbet al-Ward Maalaqa Najha Al-Sitt Al-Sabinah Yalda Jaramana Subdistrict Jaramana Malihah Subdistrict Al-Malihah Ahdaf Deir al-Asafir Hawsh al-Sultan Hutaytet al-Turkman Shabaa Zabdin Sahba Kafr Batna Subdistrict Kafr Batna Beit Sawa Aftris Hamouriyah Hizzah Jisrin Saqba Arbin Subdistrict Arbin Ein Tarma Zamalka
Douma District Douma Subdistrict Douma Adra Batihat al-Wafidin Hawsh al-Dawahira Hawsh al-Farah Hawsh Nasri Hufayr al-Tahta Maydaa al-Rihan al-Shafuniyah Tal al-Swan Harasta Subdistrict Harasta Dahiyat Harasta Mesraba Madira Sabe Biyar Subdistrict Sabaa Biyar Dumayr Subdistrict Al-Dumayr Nashabiyeh Subdistrict Al-Nashabiyah Al-Ahmadiyah Al-Bahariyah Al-Bilaliyah Beit Nayim Bzeineh Deir Salman Al-Damen Harasta al-Qantarah Al-Jarba Al-Khamisiyah Al-Mansoura Marj al-Sultan Nawla Al-Abadah Autaya Otaybah Al-Qasimiyah Al-Qisa Al-Salihiyah Wadyan al-Rabi Al-Zamaniyah Ghazlaniyeh Subdistrict Al-Ghizlaniyah Bayad Al-Bitariyah Deir al-Hajar Dalbeh Ghasulah Al-Haijaneh Qarahta Qarmashiyeh Sakka Tall Maskan Harran al-Awamid Subdistrict Harran al-Awamid Judaydat al-Khas Al-Kafrayn Mabarkah
Al-Qutayfah District Qutayfah Subdistrict Al-Qutayfah Helleh Muadamiyat al-Qalamoun Jayrud Subdistrict Jayrud Al-Atnah Al-Mansoura Al-Naseriyah Maloula Subdistrict Maaloula Ain al-Tinah Jubb'adin al-Tawani Raheiba Subdistrict Al-Ruhaybah
Al-Tall District Al-Tall Subdistrict Al-Tall al-Dreij Halboun Maarounah Maaraba Manin Talfita Sednaya Subdistrict Saidnaya Badda Maarat Saidnaya Akoubar Hafeir al-Fouqa Rankous Subdistrict Rankous al-Fayadiyah Hosh Arab al-Jarniyah al-Mahabah Ayn Dara al-Nour Sabnah
Yabroud District Yabroud Subdistrict Yabroud Ras al-Ayn Ras al-Maara Rima Al-Sarkha (Bakhah) Assal al-Ward Subdistrict Assal al-Ward al-Jebbah
An-Nabek District An-Nabek Subdistrict Al-Nabek Mashrafet Flita Qaldoun al-Marah Al-Qastal al-Sahel Deir Atiyeh Subdistrict Deir Atiyah Al-Humayra al-Jarajir Qara Subdistrict Qara
Al-Zabadani District Al-Zabadani Subdistrict Al-Zabadani Barheliya Bloudan Hosh Bajed Kafr al-Awamid Al-Rawdah (al-Batrounah) Souq Wadi Barada Madaya Subdistrict Madaya Baqin Hurayra Serghaya Subdistrict Serghaya Ain Hawr
Qatana District Qatana Subdistrict Qatana Ambiya al-Aamrat Arnah Artouz al-Bejaa Beqaasem Drousha Jdeidat Artouz Kafr Qouq Kawkab Khan al-Shih Manshiyat Khan al-Shih Mazraat Deir al-Ashayer Qalaat al-Jandal Rakhlah Ras al-Ayn Rima al-Sabboura Yaafour Beit Jann Subdistrict Beit Jinn Darbal Ain al-Shaara Harfa Hinah Khirbet al-Sawda Maghar al-Mir al-Maqrousa Mazraat Beit Jinn Sa'sa Subdistrict Sa'sa' Abou Qawouq al-Adnaniyah Beit Saber Beitima Deir Maker Denaji Dourin Hamrit al-Hubariyah Hosh al-Nufour Jisr al-Safra Kafr Hawr Kanaker Maas al-Nufour al-Qleiaah Rasem al-Tahin al-Shawkatliyah
Darayya District Darayya Subdistrict Darayya Muadamiyat al-Sham Sahnaya Subdistrict Sahnaya Ashrafiyat Sahnaya Hajar al-Aswad Subdistrict al-Hajar al-Aswad
Qudsaya District Qudsaya Subdistrict Qudsaya Ashrafiyat al-Wadi Basimah al-Hamah Jamraya Jdeidat al-Wadi Dahiyat Qudsaya ad-Dimas Subdistrict al-Dimas Jdeidat Yabous Kfeir Yabous Maadar Qura al-Sham Yabous Ein al-Fijeh Subdistrict Ain al-Fijah Efra Deir Muqaran Deir Qanun al-Husseiniyah Kfeir al-Zayt

• Populated places in Al-Qutayfah District
• Natufian sites
• Neolithic sites in Syria
• Archaeological sites in Rif Dimashq Governorate
• Cities in Syria