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History
Great Britain
Name	John Bull
Namesake	John Bull
Owner	1799:Taylor & Co. 1802:Dailgairns 1803:M. Benson
Builder	Liverpool
Launched	1799
Fate	Last listed in 1833
General characteristics
Tons burthen	464, or 480 or 484 (bm)
Sail plan	Ship rigged
Complement	1800:40 1801:65 1803:40
Armament	1799: 28 × 9- & 18-pounder guns 1800: 24 × 4- & 9-pounder guns + 4 × 12-pounder carronades 1801: 24 × 9- & 18-pounder guns 1803: 20 × 9- & 18-pounder guns 1805: 8 × 9- & 12-pounder guns 1808: 8 × 9-pounder guns

John Bull was a sailing ship built in 1799 at Liverpool for the trade in enslaved people. She made one voyage carrying captives from West Africa to Jamaica. Thereafter she became a West Indiaman, trading with Jamaica. Early in this period she was a letter of marque, and captured a French merchant vessel. A little later John Bull detained an American vessel. Much later she transported female convicts to New South Wales from Cork. After she delivered her convicts she made an unsuccessful voyage as a whaler in the South Pacific. She was last listed in 1833.

Career

John Bull entered Lloyd's Register in 1799. Her master was Parkinson, her owner Taylor & Co., and her trade, Liverpool-Africa. Captain John Parkinson acquired a letter of marque for John Bull on 23 July 1799. Under his command she made one voyage as a slaver.

Voyage transporting enslaved people (1799–1800): She sailed from Liverpool on 5 September 1799 bound for the Bight of Biafra and Gulf of Guinea islands. In 1799, 156 vessels sailed from English ports, bound for the trade in enslaved people; 134 of these vessels sailed from Liverpool.

John Bull acquired captives at Bonny and delivered them to Kingston, Jamaica, where she arrived on 29 July 1800 with 550 captives. She left Kingston on 5 October and arrived back at Liverpool on 24 December. She had left with 68 crew members and she suffered 21 crew deaths on her voyage.

In 1801, Henry Kelly replaced Parkinson as master, and her trade became London-Jamaica. Kelly received a letter of marque on 12 March 1801. The application for the letter evidences a large increase in her crew size, suggesting that she was going to engage in privateering.

However, in 1802 her ownership changed from Taylor to Dalgairns. Then in 1803 her ownership changed to M. Benson, and her master to J. Murray. On 31 May John Murray, of the ship John Bull, received a letter of marque.

In July 1803 a vessel arriving at Falmouth reported that she had encountered the privateer John Bull, of 28 guns, of Liverpool. John Bull and the privateer Union, of Guernsey, had captured a large French vessel from Île de France and taken her into Bantry Bay.

Also in 1803 John Bull captured a small French merchant vessel trading with the West Indies.

In 1805, John Bull's master was H. Kelly, changing to J. Murray. Her ownership and trade remained unchanged.

On 13 January 1809, Patriarch, Easton, master, came into Port Royal, Jamaica, having been detained by John Bull, Askew, master. Patriarch had been sailing from Baltimore to Charleston.

In 1819 John Bull received a license from the British East India Company to sail east of Cape Town. On 8 March 1820 she came into Cape Town from Liverpool and Teneriffe having lost her anchors and cables. She sailed for Bengal about a week later. John Bull arrived at Liverpool on 19 January 1821, having left Madras on 8 September 1820.

On 5 June 1821, John Bull towed Jane, Brabin, master, into Cork, Ireland. Jane had been sailing from Balmaura when she lost her masts and rigging. That same day surgeon William Elyard, who with his family had just arrived in Cork on John Barry, transferred to John Bull.

Under the command of William Corlette John Bull arrived at Cork on 5 June, bound for New South Wales. She sailed from Cork on 25 July 1821. She sailed via St. Jago and arrived at Port Jackson on 18 December. John Bull carried free passengers and 80 female convicts. No prisoners died en route. Discontent among the crew developed from Corlette and Elyard's disciplinary measures, aimed at preventing prostitution between crew and prisoners. The discontent did not, however, rise to the level of mutiny.

John Bull sailed from Port Jackson for the Society and Friendly Islands. She returned to Port Jackson on 17 April 1823 after an unsuccessful cruise of 15 months. This was a whaling cruise. On 25 October there was an auction of her extra stores, consisting of casks, iron hoops, copper coolers, harpoons, whale lines, whale boats, etc. Also, a small cutter, built of English materials, about 22 tons burthen, with numerous other articles was also on offer. A second auction, on 11 November, offered the remaining casks, shooks, harpoons, lances, spades, whale lines, etc., and one whale boat. Also her shallop, "nearly completed, and lying at the Government Wharf, with Chain Cable, Anchor, and Pump. Captain Corlett was expected to sail immediately thereafter to the River Derwent, Tasmania to acquire a cargo of "black oil". She finally sailed from Hobart on 2 December with 1600 cedar logs, 10 tons of sperm oil, and wool. She was going to sail via Rio de Janeiro.

Fate

She was in Prince's Dock, Liverpool in 1833 and the owners owed monies for docking. She disappeared from Lloyd's Register after 1833.

Notes

1. Michael Taylor, Thomas Bailey, Ralph Cantrell, & Roger Grimshaw.
2. Her captain-owner, Frederic Bardie, alias Peter Wood, ended up in the prison ship Canada then (c.1810) in the Medway. In a fit of anger he attacked and stabbed one of the marine guards, for which he was hanged at Newgate.

Citations

1. ^ Tran Atlantic Slave Trade Database: Voyage 82071, John Bull (1800)
2. ^ "Register of Letters of Marque against France 1793-1815"; p.70 Archived 9 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine
3. ^ Lloyd's Register (1819), Seq. №J588.
4. ^ Lloyd's Register (1800), №J339.
5. ^ Lloyd's Register (1805), №J626.
6. Lloyd's Register (1799), Seq. №J612.
7. Williams (1897), p. 680.
8. Lloyd's Register (1801), Seq. №J429.
9. Lloyd's Register (1803), Seq. №J579.
10. Lloyd's List, №4365.
11. Knapp & Baldwin (1828), pp. 15–16.
12. Lloyd's List, №4339.
13. Lloyd's Register (1819), Seq. №J631.
14. Hackman (2001), p. 287.
15. Lloyd's List №5489.
16. Lloyd's List №5600.
17. ^ National Archives: Journal of William Elyard.
18. Lloyd's Register (1821), Seq. №J656.
19. Bateson (1959), pp. 294–9.
20. Bateson (1959), p. 329.
21. Bateson (1959), pp. 197–8.
22. ^ "MAGISTRATE FOR THE WEEK—JOHN PIPER, Esq." Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, 24 April 1823, p.2.
23. "Classified Advertising". Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW) 23 October 1823, p.4.
24. "Classified Advertising". Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW), 30 October 1823, p.4.
25. Lloyd's Register (1821), Seq. №J616.
26. Inquiry... (1833), p. 50.

References

• Bateson, Charles (1959). The Convict Ships. Brown, Son & Ferguson. OCLC 3778075.
• A copious report of the Inquiry into the Affairs of the Corporation of Liverpool, before His Majesty's Commissioners ... commenced on the 4th and ended on the 30th November, 1833, E. Smith & Company, 1833
• Hackman, Rowan (2001). Ships of the East India Company. Gravesend, Kent: World Ship Society. ISBN 0-905617-96-7.
• Knapp, Andrew; Baldwin, William Lee (1828), The Newgate Calendar: Comprising Interesting Memoirs of the Most Notorious Characters who Have Been Convicted of Outrages on the Laws of England Since the Commencement of the Eighteenth Century; with Occasional Anecdotes and Observations, Speeches, Confessions, and Last Exclamations of Sufferers, vol. 4, J. Robins
• Williams, Gomer (1897). History of the Liverpool Privateers and Letters of Marque: With an Account of the Liverpool Slave Trade. W. Heinemann.

• 1799 ships
• Ships built on the River Mersey
• Liverpool slave ships
• Privateer ships of the United Kingdom
• Convict ships to New South Wales
• Age of Sail merchant ships
• Merchant ships of the United Kingdom