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John Hamilton
Born	Probably 1651 or 1652 Caen, France
Died	12 July 1691 Dublin
Allegiance	Kingdom of Ireland
Service / branch	Infantry
Years of service	c. 1680 – 1691
Rank	Major General
Battles / wars	Williamite War in Ireland: Battle of the Boyne Siege of Athlone Battle of Aughrim
Relations	Richard, Anthony (brothers)

John Hamilton (1651 or 1652 – 1691) was an Irish army officer of Scottish and Irish origin, who fought in the Williamite war in Ireland on the side of the deposed James II. He died from wounds received at the Battle of Aughrim.

Birth and origins

John Hamilton was probably born in 1651 or 1652 in Caen, France, the sixth and youngest son of George Hamilton and his wife, Mary Butler. His family had fled Ireland early in 1651 during the Cromwellian conquest.

His father was Scottish, the fourth son of James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn, a faithful supporter of James Butler, Marquess of Ormond and lord lieutenant of Ireland, during the Irish Confederate Wars and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, and a would-be baronet.

John's mother was half Irish and half English, the third daughter of Thomas Butler, Viscount Thurles and his English Catholic wife Elizabeth Poyntz. Viscount Thurles (courtesy title) predeceased his father, Walter Butler, 11th Earl of Ormond, and therefore never succeeded to the earldom. The Butlers were Old English. John's mother also was a sister of James Butler, making her husband a brother-in-law of the lord lieutenant.

Hamilton's parents had married in 1635, despite earlier dates reported in error due to his father being often mistaken for his homonymous granduncle. John was one of nine siblings. See James, George, Elizabeth, Anthony, and Richard. John's parents were both Catholic, and so was he.

French childhood

His father had been receiver general for James Butler, 1st Marquess of Ormond the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. Ormond left Ireland for France in December 1650. Hamilton's father wanted to leave together with him but was accused of fraud by the clerical faction. Found innocent, Hamilton's father, accompanied by his family, left Ireland in spring 1651. They went to Caen, Normandy, where they were accommodated for some time by his mother's sister Elizabeth Preston, the Marchioness of Ormond. That is where John was probably born. Lady Ormond with her children left for England in August 1652, whereas John's mother moved to Paris where she lived in the Convent of the Feuillantines [fr].

Restoration

The Restoration in May 1660 brought Charles II on the English throne. Hamilton's father and his elder brothers moved to the court at Whitehall. Charles II restored Donalong, Ulster, to Hamilton's father. About that year Charles allegedly created Hamilton's father baronet of Donalong and Nenagh, but the king if he really went that far, refused to go further because the family was Catholic.

John's elder brothers, James and George, became courtiers at Whitehall. Early in 1661 their father also brought his wife and his younger children to London, where they lived for some time all together in a house near Whitehall.

James II

In February 1685 the Catholic James II acceded to the English throne. Hamilton now in his early thirties, became an officer in James II's Royal Irish Army, as did his older brothers Anthony and Richard. This seems to have been Hamilton's first military employment as he seems to have never joined his brothers at Hamilton's regiment in France. However, Walter Scott believed that he served in France with his brothers.

Having stayed in Ireland he was not affected by the 1688 Glorious Revolution. Early 1689 he was sent to France to prepare James's expedition to Ireland. Hamilton arrived on 5 February 1689 in France and departed on the 17th with all the officers and soldiers (including his brother Anthony) from Saint-Germain. He landed with James II at Kinsale on 12 March 1689, having sailed from Brest on the ship-of-the-line Entreprenant.

Marriage and daughter

In 1690, already approaching his forties, Hamilton married Elizabeth Macan (or, likely, McCann) of the family of the ancient Irish Lords of Clanbrassil, different from the viscounts and earls of Clanbrassill, who were Hamiltons from Scotland.

John and Elizabeth had a daughter:

• Margaret, who married a Comte de Marmier in France.

Williamite war, death, and timeline

By June 1690 he was ranked brigadier. In July he as well as his elder brothers Anthony and Richard fought at the Battle of the Boyne. He was listed as one of the "directors" left in Ireland by Tyrconnell when the latter travelled to France following the defeat at the Boyne.

In 1690 Hamilton fought in the successful defence of Limerick. This was the first siege of the town during this war in which William had to concede defeat after a costly failed attack and when winter approached early.

During the campaign of 1691 in Ireland, Hamilton was involved in the Siege of Athlone, where he attempted to retake the city with two infantry brigades but failed.

On 12 July 1691 at the Battle of Aughrim, he commanded the second line of infantry. Seriously wounded, he was taken prisoner late in the day and died in Dublin shortly afterwards. His wife and daughter went to James II's court in exile at Saint-Germain-en-Laye.

Notes and references

Notes

1. This family tree is derived from the Abercorn pedigree pictured in Cokayne and written genealogies of the Abercorns.
2. ^ His most likely birth date is constrained by his parents arrival in France, early in 1651, and his mother's age who had married in 1635.
3. ^ John's father's article has more detail about these attempts to become a baronet.
4. John's father's article discusses his mistaken identity.
5. John's father's article gives a list of all nine siblings.
6. Anthony's father's article has some detail about Anthony's Protestant grandfather, the 1st Earl of Abercorn.

Citations

1. ^ Clark 1921, p. 7, line 8. "The two youngest Hamiltons, probably John and Margaret, were born abroad."
2. ^ Clark 1921, p. 5, line . "In the spring of 1651 took place, at last, the event which had such a determining influence on the fate of the young Hamiltons. Sir George Hamilton left his country for France with his family ..."
3. ^ Manning 2001, p. 150, bottom. "... February 28th, 1635 regarding the marriage intended between Hamilton and Mary Butler, sister of the earl, which was to take place before the last day of April ."
4. Clark 1921, p. 5. "In the spring of 1651 took place, at last, the event which had such a determining influence on the fate of the young Hamiltons. Sir George Hamilton left his country for France with his family ..."
5. Barnard 2004, p. 156, left column. "Ormond was rewarded by being named by the king as lord lieutenant, and was sworn on 21 January 1644."
6. ^ Wasser 2004, p. 838, left column, line 43. "During the Irish wars he served King Charles loyally, in association with his brother-in-law, James Butler, twelfth earl and first duke of Ormond."
7. Mahaffy 1900, p. 53. "5 June Westminster. The King to the Lord Deputy for Claude Hamilton and Sir George Hamilton, Kt. and Bt. Ordering him to consider a petition ..."
8. G. E. C. 1903, p. 305, note c. "This non-assumption of the dignity throws some little doubt on its creation."
9. ^ Burke & Burke 1915, p. 54, right column, line 34. " m. (art. dated 2 June 1629) Mary, 3rd dau. of Thomas, Viscount Thurles and sister of the 1st Duke of Ormonde. He d. 1679. She d. Aug 1680 ..."
10. G. E. C. 1895, p. 149, line 14. "He d. v.p. , being drowned off the Skerrieds 15 Dec. 1619. His widow m. George Mathew, of Thurles, and d. at Thurles. May 1673 in her 86th year."
11. G. E. C. 1889, p. 94. "1. Theobald Walter ... accompanied in 1185 John, Count of Mortaigue, Lord of Ireland ... into Ireland."
12. G. E. C. 1895, p. 149, line 27. "He was cr. 30 Aug. 1642 Marquess of Ormonde ];"
13. ^ Burke & Burke 1915, p. right column, line 33. "4. George (Sir) 1st Bart. of Donalong  ... he d. 1679. ... "
14. Clark 1921, p. 5, line 2. "In January 1649, after the peace between the Lord Lieutenant and the Confederates, Sir George was appointed Receiver-General of the Revenues for Ireland, in the place of the Earl of Roscommon who had died."
15. O'Sullivan 1983, p. 284, line 15. "... boarding a small frigate, the Elizabeth of Jersey, at Galway on the 7th December, 1650 ..."
16. Clark 1921, p. 5, line 19. "When Ormonde left the kingdom in December, 1650, Sir George would have accompanied him with his family, but the clergy having unjustly questioned his honesty as Receiver-General, he was obliged to stay and clear his name, which he did successfully."
17. Millar 1890, p. 177, left column, line 46. "Marquis of Ormonde, whom he followed to Caen in the spring of 1651 with his wife and family."
18. Perceval-Maxwell 2004, pp. 130–131. "... in August 1652 she left for England with her family ..."
19. Clark 1921, p. 8. "... his mother and his aunt, Lady Muskerry, had apartments at the couvent des Feuillantines in Paris ..."
20. ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 39. "Charles II. ... acc. 29 May 1660 ..."
21. Wauchope 2004, p. 888, right column, line 11. "... until the restoration when the family moved to Whitehall."
22. Elliott 2000, p. 114. "The Scottish settlers Sir George Hamilton and his brother Claud, Lord Strabane, were restored in Tyrone ..."
23. Chisholm 1910b, p. 884, first paragraph, lines lower middle. "The fact that, like his father, he was a Roman Catholic prevented his receiving the political promotion ..."
24. Rigg 1890, p. 135, right column, line 17. "These two brothers are frequently mentioned in the Mémoires."
25. ^ Clark 1921, p. 12, line 1. "It was in the beginning of 1661 that Sir George Hamilton brought his wife and younger children to England. His elder sons had already preceded him."
26. Clark 1921, p. 12, line 22. "The family, the six sons and three daughters, lived for some time in a large comfortable house near Whitehall ..."
27. ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 46, line 46. "James II. ... acc. 6 Feb. 1685 ..."
28. Clark 1921, p. 44, line 4. "Their youngest brother, John, never served in France, though this is often stated to have been the case."
29. Boisseleau 1884, p. 516, note 1. "1. Frère de Mme la comtesse de Gramont, qui n'avoit pas servi en France, comme ses autres frères."
30. Scott 1846, p. 5. "He entered early into the army of Louis XIV., as did his brothers, George, Richard, and John "
31. Dangeau 1854, p. 324, line 2. " Le cadet Hamilton est arrivé en France;"
32. Boulger 1911, p. 47. "On February 5 young John Hamilton (the cadet Hamilton) arrived from Ireland ..."
33. Dangeau 1854, p. 332, line 2. "Jeudi 17  ... Le jeune Hamilton est reparti de Saint-Germain, et emmène avec lui tous les officiers et soldats anglois et écossois qui y étoient arrivés. Il s'embarquera pour l'Irlande avec le duc de Berwick."
34. ^ Boulger 1911, p. 57. "Entreprenant. MM. de Roze, de Maumont, Boisseleau, Colonel Hamilton (John) ..."
35. O'Hart 1892, p. 584. "Cana, a younger brother of Donal ... was the ancestor of MacCana (anglicised McCann) Lords of Clanbrassil, county Armagh."
36. Clark 1921, p. 107, Note 5. "Lord Hamilton left a widow (de l'ancienne illustre maison de Macan seigneur du Clanbrazil dans le Comté d'Armac en Irlande) and one daughter, Margaret, who married a Comte de Marmier in France."
37. Ellis 1978, p. 82. "... James and the major part of his cavalry and dragoos, with Major-Generals Patrick Sarsfield, Thomas Maxwell, Anthony and John Hamilton, and Alexander Rainier, the Marquis of Boisseleau, had joined Lauzun ..."
38. Ellis 1978, p. 107. "He ordered Richard Hamilton to take command of the rearguard and to delay the Williamites as best as he could ..."
39. Boisseleau 1884, p. 516, line 22. "M. le chevalier d'Hamilton ne quitta point l'attaque et donna des marques de sa valeur et d'un bon officier."
40. Boyle 1879, p. 264. "...  ordered Major-General John Hamilton to take two brigades and drive the enemy again beyond the river."
41. Hayes-McCoy 1990, p. 250. "Major-General John Hamilton commanded the second line."
42. Doherty 1998, p. 181, line 31. "... two major-generals (Dorrington and John Hamilton), a brigadier and another nine colonels were captured. Hamilton later died from wounds."
43. ^ Boulger 1911, p. 244. "... Major-General John Hamilton, who died at Dublin soon after of his wounds ..."
44. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 170, line 10. "1687, 8 Jan. / 12 Feb. / Richard, 1st e. of Tyrconnell L.D. "
45. G. E. C. 1910, p. 4. "Tabular pedigree of the Earls of Abercorn"
46. G. E. C. 1910, pp. 2–11
47. Paul 1904, pp. 37–74

Sources

• Barnard, Toby (2004). "Butler, James, first duke of Ormond (1610–1688)". In Matthew, Henry Colin Gray.; Harrison, Brian (eds.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 9. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 153–163. ISBN 0-19-861359-8.
• Boisseleau, Alexandre de Rainier de Droue, Marquis de (1884). "Siège de Limerick". In Sourches, Louis François de Bouchet, Marquis de; Cosnac, Gabriel-Jules, comte de; Pontal, Edouard (eds.). Mémoires du marquis de Sourches sur le règne de Louis XIV [Memoirs of the Marquess of Sourches on the Reign of Louis XIV] (in French). Vol. Tome troisième. Paris: Hachette. pp. 512–517. OCLC 697992485.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Boulger, Demetrius Charles (1911). The Battle of the Boyne. London: Martin Secker. OCLC 1041056932.
• Boyle, John (1879) . The Battle-fields of Ireland, from 1688 to 1691 (Fourth ed.). New York: Robert Coddington.
• Burke, Bernard; Burke, Ashworth Peter (1915). A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage and Baronetage, the Privy Council, Knightage and Companionage (77th ed.). London: Harrison. OCLC 1155471554.
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1910b). "Hamilton, Anthony" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 884.
• Clark, Ruth (1921). Anthony Hamilton: his Life and Works and his Family. London: John Lane. OCLC 459281163.
• Dangeau (1854). Conches, Feuillet de (ed.). Journal du marquis de Dangeau [Diary of the Marquess of Dangeau] (in French). Vol. Tome Deuxième. Paris: Firmin Didot Frères. OCLC 310446765. – 1687 to 1689
• Doherty, Richard (1998). The Williamite War in Ireland. Dublin: Four Courts. ISBN 1-85182-375-1.
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• Ellis, Peter Berresford (1978). The Boyne Water: the Battle of the Boyne, 1690. Belfast: The Blackstaff Press. ISBN 0-85640-419-5.
• Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I., eds. (1986). Handbook of British Chronology. Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks, No. 2 (3rd ed.). London: Offices of the Royal Historical Society. ISBN 0-86193-106-8. – (for timeline)
• G. E. C. (1889). Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, or Dormant. Vol. II (1st ed.). London: George Bell and Sons. – Bra to C (for Butler)
• G. E. C. (1895). Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, or Dormant. Vol. VI (1st ed.). London: George Bell and Sons. OCLC 1180818801. – N to R (for Ormond)
• G. E. C. (1903). Complete Baronetage, 1611 to 1800. Vol. III (1st ed.). Exeter: William Pollard & Co. OCLC 866278985. – 1649 to 1664
• G. E. C. (1910). Gibbs, Vicary (ed.). The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, or Dormant. Vol. I (2nd ed.). London: The St Catherine Press. OCLC 1042385438. – Ab-Adam to Basing
• Hayes-McCoy, G. A. (1990) . Irish Battles: A Military History of Ireland. Belfast: The Appletree Press. ISBN 0-86281-250-X.
• Mahaffy, Robert Pentland, ed. (1900). Calendar of the State Papers Relating to Ireland, of the Reign of Charles I. 1633–1647. London: His/Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
• Manning, Conleth (2001). "The Two Sir George Hamiltons and their Connections with the Castles of Roscrea and Nenagh" (PDF). Tipperary Historical Journal: 149–154.
• Millar, Alexander Hastie (1890). "Hamilton, James, first Earl of Abercorn (d.1617)". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. XXIV. New York: MacMillan and Co. pp. 176–177. OCLC 8544105.
• O'Hart, John (1892). Irish Pedigrees: Or, the Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation. Vol. I (5th ed.). Dublin: James Duffy & Co. OCLC 7239210. – Irish stem
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• 1650s births
• 1691 deaths
• Irish generals
• Irish people of Scottish descent
• Irish soldiers in the army of James II of England
• Jacobite military personnel of the Williamite War in Ireland
• Younger sons of baronets