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John Vining
United States Senator from Delaware
In office March 4, 1793 – January 19, 1798
Preceded by	Richard Bassett
Succeeded by	Joshua Clayton
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Delaware's at-large district
In office March 4, 1789 – March 3, 1793
Preceded by	District established
Succeeded by	John Patten
Continental Congressman from Delaware
In office April 8, 1784 – October 27, 1786
Preceded by	James Tilton
Succeeded by	Nathaniel Mitchell
Member of the Delaware House of Representatives
In office January 3, 1799 – January 3, 1800
Member of the Delaware Senate
In office January 1, 1793 – January 7, 1794
Preceded by	District established
Succeeded by	James Sykes
In office January 3, 1800 – February 1802
Preceded by	George Cummins
Succeeded by	George Truitt
Personal details
Born	(1758-12-23)December 23, 1758 Dover, Delaware Colony, British America
Died	February 1802(1802-02-00) (aged 43) Dover, Delaware, U.S.
Political party	Federalist
Spouse	Anna Maria Seton
Residence	Dover, Delaware
Profession	Lawyer
Nickname	Jack

John Middleton Vining (December 23, 1758 – February 1802) was an American lawyer and politician from Dover, in Kent County, Delaware. He was a Continental Congressman from Delaware, and a member of the Federalist Party, who served in the Delaware General Assembly and as United States Representative and United States Senator from Delaware.

Early life and family

Vining was born in Dover in the Delaware Colony, son of John and Phoebe Wynkoop Vining. His father was a prominent and successful lawyer and landholder, who had been a Speaker of the Colonial Assembly and Chief Justice of Delaware. He was also the good friend of Caesar Rodney, who stood as godfather for his son John, the subject of this article. Vining's father died when his son was eleven years old, and from him John and his sister inherited a large fortune. On November 29, 1790, while he was a U.S. Representative in New York City, he married Anna Maria Seton, a poet, musician, and daughter of William Seton of New York. She fit well into Vining's social circle, and they had four sons, John, William, Benjamin and Charles, but she died prematurely in 1800.

Political career

Vining studied law under George Read in New Castle, Delaware, and was admitted to the Delaware Bar in 1782, starting a practice in Dover. Because of his family's wealth and prominence he was elected three times to represent Delaware in the Continental Congress. First elected April 8, 1784, he served until October 27, 1786, although, like many of his contemporaries, his attendance was irregular. He was then elected to the 1787/88 and 1788/89 sessions of the Delaware House of Assembly.

In a special election on January 7, 1789, Vining defeated four other candidates to win election as the only member from Delaware to the 1st U.S. House of Representatives. Two years later he was re-elected to a second term. Although he arrived weeks late for every session, he was an energetic and conscientious legislator, consistently voting in support of the administration, particularly favoring a strong executive. He served on thirty-eight committees in the 1st U.S. House, including the committee considering the first proposed amendments to the Constitution, and the joint committee on rules.

Vining's positions were generally loose-constructionist, or Hamiltonian. Accordingly, he strongly favored the federal assumption of the state's revolutionary war debts. In the debate over the location of a national capital, he sought consideration for Wilmington, Delaware, but once that lost, supported an immediate move to Philadelphia, and the later construction of a city on the Potomac River.

In 1793 he returned to Dover, Delaware as a State Senator, but was soon elected to the U.S. Senate. He served there for five years, from March 4, 1793, until his resignation on January 19, 1798, and subsequent retirement from public life.

Death and legacy

Vining died in Dover and is buried in an unmarked grave in the Christ Episcopal Church Cemetery at Dover.

Vining was a handsome, friendly, and outspoken member of a prominent and wealthy family. He was described as a "colorful", speaker who "brandished a florid metaphor", but also as "verbose" and "not above resorting to inflammatory language". His sister, Mary, who was a frequent companion of Anthony Wayne, lived with Vining, and together they entertained frequently and lavishly. Because of this hospitality and generosity he was known as "the pet of Delaware". But he spent through his fortune and suffering from alcoholism, and the death of his wife, went through a rapid decline on the way to an impoverished and premature death. His sister dedicated herself to raising Vining's four sons, but they died young as well, within a year of her death in 1821.

Elizabeth Montgomery in her Reminiscences in Wilmington wrote: "His brilliant talents, not nourished by application, withered in the bud. Indolence and generosity engendered extravagance that wasted his substance".

Almanac

Elections were held October 1. Members of the General Assembly took office on October 20 or the following weekday. The State Councilmen were elected for a three-year term and the State Assemblymen for a one-year term. They chose the Continental Congressmen for a one-year term. U.S. Representatives took office March 4 and have a two-year term. The General Assembly chose the U.S. Senators, who took office March 4 for a six-year term.

After 1792 elections were moved to the first Tuesday of October and members of the General Assembly took office on the first Tuesday of January. The Legislative Council was renamed the State Senate and the House of Assembly was renamed the State House of Representatives.

Vining family

• Captain Benjamin Vining (1685–1735), port collector in Salem and Marblehead, Massachusetts
  • Married first, Ann
  • Married second, Mary Middleton. She married secondly Nicholas Greenberry Ridgely (1674–1755), and were parents of Dr. Charles Greenberry Ridgely
    • John Vining (1724–1770), married Phoebe Wynkoop
      • Mary "Polly" Vining (1756–1821)
      • John Middleton Vining (1758–1802), married Anna Maria Seton
        • John Vining (1791–1817), U.S. Navy
        • William Henry Vining (1794–1822), lawyer
        • Benjamin Vining (c. 1796 – 1822) U.S. Army
        • Charles Ridgely Vining (1798–1821)
    • Mary "Polly" Vining (born c. 1730), married the Rev. Charles Inglis
    • Benjamin Vining (c. 1730 – 1785)

Notes

1. Under the Delaware Constitution of 1776.
2. Under the Delaware Constitution of 1792.
3. Resigned January 19, 1798,
4. This was a special election held January 7, 1789. Other candidates were Gunning Bedford Jr. (received 308 votes), Joshua Clayton (272 votes), and Allen McLane (90 votes).
5. Roger Martin, in Delawareans in Congress, names the wife of John Vining Sr. as Rachel Ridgely.

References

1. Montgomery, Elizabeth. Reminiscences in Wilmington. in Delawareans in Congress: by Roger A. Martin.

Literature

• Martin, Roger A. (1995). Memoirs of the Senate. Newark: Roger A. Martin.
• Martin, Roger A. (2003). Delawareans in Congress: The House of Representatives, Vol. One 1789–1900. Newark: Roger A. Martin. ISBN 0-924117-26-5.
• Munroe, John A. (2004). The Philadelawareans. Newark: University of Delaware Press. ISBN 0-87413-872-8.
• Munroe, John A. (1954). Federalist Delaware 1775-1815. New Brunswick: Rutgers University.
• Wilson, W. Emerson (1969). Forgotten Heroes of Delaware. Cambridge, MA: Deltos Publishing Company.

Images

• Martin, Roger A. (2003). Delawareans in Congress: The House of Representatives, Vol. One 1789–1900. Portrait courtesy of the Delaware Public Archives.
• Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

External links

• Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Delaware's Members of Congress
• John Vining at Find a Grave
• The Political Graveyard
• Delaware Historical Society; website; 505 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801; (302) 655–7161
• University of Delaware; Library website; 181 South College Avenue, Newark, Delaware 19717; (302) 831–2965

v t e United States senators from Delaware
Class 1	Read Latimer White Horsey C. A. Rodney T. Clayton McLane Naudain R. Bayard J. M. Clayton Wales J. Bayard Jr. Riddle J. Bayard Jr. T. Bayard Sr. Gray Ball H. du Pont Wolcott T. C. du Pont T. Bayard Jr. Townsend Tunnell Williams Roth Carper Blunt Rochester (elect)
Class 2	Bassett Vining J. Clayton Wells J. Bayard Sr. Wells Van Dyke D. Rodney Ridgely J. M. Clayton T. Clayton Spruance J. M. Clayton Comegys Bates W. Saulsbury Sr. E. Saulsbury Higgins Kenney Allee Richardson W. Saulsbury Jr. Ball T. C. du Pont Hastings Hughes Buck Frear Boggs Biden Kaufman Coons

v t e Members of the United States House of Representatives from Delaware
Vining Patten Latimer Bayard C. A. Rodney Broom Van Dyke Ridgely Cooper Clayton McLane Hall D. Rodney Johns Milligan Robinson G. B. Rodney J. W. Houston Riddle Cullen Whiteley Fisher Temple Smithers Nicholson Biggs Lofland J. Williams Martin Lore Penington Causey Willis Handy J. H. Hoffecker W. O. Hoffecker Ball H. A. Houston Burton Heald Brockson Miller Polk Layton Boyce R. G. Houston Adams Stewart Allen G. S. Williams Traynor Willey Boggs Warburton McDowell Haskell Roth du Pont Evans Carper Castle Carney Blunt Rochester McBride (elect)

• 1758 births
• 1802 deaths
• People from Dover, Delaware
• People from colonial Delaware
• Continental Congressmen from Delaware
• Pro-Administration Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Delaware
• Pro-Administration Party United States senators from Delaware
• Federalist Party United States senators from Delaware
• Members of the Delaware House of Representatives
• Delaware state senators
• Delaware lawyers
• 19th-century American Episcopalians
• Members of the United States House of Representatives from Delaware
• 19th-century members of the Delaware General Assembly
• 18th-century United States senators
• 18th-century members of the United States House of Representatives