| Jorge González von Marées | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 4 April 1900 Santiago, Chile |
| Died | 14 March 1962(1962-03-14) (aged 61) Santiago, Chile |
| Other names | El Jefe |
| Alma mater | Instituto Nacional Universidad de Chile |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Political party | National Socialist Movement of Chile (1932–1939) Popular Socialist Vanguard (1939–1943) Liberal Party (1949–1958) |
Jorge González von Marées (4 April 1900 – 14 March 1962), also known as El Jefe (Spanish: The chief, analogous to the Führer) was a Chilean political figure and author who served two terms as a member of the Chamber of Deputies and as mayor of Ñuñoa.
Born in Santiago to Sofía von Marées Sommer, a German noble mother and niece of Hans von Marées, and Marcial González Azócar, physician and founder of Clínica Alemana. He studied in Instituto Nacional General José Miguel Carrera, an elite public school back then, later studying Law and Engineering, the latter incomplete, in Universidad de Chile, Chile's most prestigious public university. He was ideologically influenced by Oswald Spengler. On 5 April 1932 he founded the National Socialist Movement of Chile to oppose democratism, americanism, and communism.
González von Marées organized a failed coup d'état attempt on 5 September 1938, in which 60 young nacista members were shot to death by carabineros, in what became known as the Seguro Obrero massacre. He was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment, but subsequently pardoned by president Pedro Aguirre Cerda. After this, he became leader of the far-right Popular Socialist Vanguard until 1943, when the Chilean Nazi movement disbanded due to the country cutting off all relations with Germany in World War II.
Works
- González von Marées, Jorge (1932). La concepción nacista del Estado. Santiago, Chile.
- González von Marées, Jorge (1937). El problema del hambre. Santiago, Chile: Editorial Ercilla.
- González von Marées, Jorge (1939). Pueblo y Estado. Santiago, Chile.
- González von Marées, Jorge (1940). El mal de Chile: Sus causas y remedios. Santiago, Chile: Ediciones Diego Portales.
See also
References
- Nacismo: National Socialism in Chile 1932-1938 by M. Potashnik, Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles 1974.
- Jorge González von Marées: Chief of Chilean Nacism by George F. W. Young, an article in Jahrbuch für Geschichte von Staat, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Lateinamerikas, Band 11, 1974
- The National Socialist Movement of Chile by H.E. Bicheno, Cambridge University thesis, 1976
- Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890 edited by Philip Rees, 1991, ISBN 0-13-089301-3
- Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity (Chap. 9) by Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, 2001, ISBN 0-8147-3155-4
- The Tragedy of Chile by Robert J. Alexander, Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press, 1978 ISBN 0-313-20034-3
- "Nazis y Movimiento Nazi en Chile, 1931-1945" (PDF). Archivo Chile (in Spanish).
- "El Mal de Chile". Archived from the original on 2009-06-22. Retrieved 2009-06-07.
External links
- What Difference Does Gender Make? The Extreme Right in the ABC Countries in the Era of Fascism by Sandra McGee Deutsch
- Chile from the Antisemitism and Xenophobia Today (AXT) site
- 1900 births
- 1962 deaths
- Politicians from Santiago, Chile
- Writers from Santiago, Chile
- Chilean people of Spanish descent
- Chilean people of German descent
- National Socialist Movement of Chile politicians
- Popular Socialist Vanguard politicians
- Liberal Party (Chile, 1849) politicians
- Mayors of Ñuñoa
- Deputies of the XXXVIII Legislative Period of the National Congress of Chile
- Deputies of the XXXIX Legislative Period of the National Congress of Chile
- Chilean essayists
- Chilean political writers
- Chilean politicians convicted of crimes
- Chilean prisoners and detainees
- German untitled nobility
- 20th-century essayists
- Instituto Nacional General José Miguel Carrera alumni
- University of Chile alumni
- Nazis convicted of crimes
- Prisoners and detainees of Chile
- Recipients of Chilean presidential pardons