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Juan Fernández de Medrano y Sandoval

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17th-century Spanish nobleman and Cicstercian monk In this Basque name, the surname is Medrano.
FriarJuan Fernández de Medrano y Sandoval
Coat of arms of the Fernández de Medrano family, Lords of Valdeosera (c. 1602)
Personal life
BornJuan Fernández de Medrano
16th century
Madrid, Spain
DiedUnknown; last mentioned in monastery records on (1618-02-10)10 February 1618
Likely San Prudencio de Monte Laturce, Calahorra, Spain
Resting placeMonastery of San Prudencio de Monte Laturce
NationalitySpanish
Home townMadrid, Spain
SpouseNot applicable (monk)
ChildrenNone
Parent(s)Tomás Fernández de Medrano and Isabel Ibáñez de Sandoval
Notable work(s)Reconstruction of the Monastery of San Prudencio de Monte Laturce in Clavijo
Known forMonk at the Monastery of San Prudencio de Monte Laturce, author of a significant will detailing bequests to various religious and family members, dedication to the Duke of Lerma
Religious life
ReligionRoman Catholic
OrderOrder of St. Bernard of Cistercians
ProfessionMonk, friar

Juan Fernández de Medrano y Sandoval (1595, Madrid – 17th century, Monastery of San Prudencio de Monte Laturce) was a Spanish nobleman and monk of the Order of St. Bernard of Cistercians at the Monastery of San Prudencio de Monte Laturce in Clavijo and a member of the prominent House of Medrano. Juan renounced his inheritance to join the monastic life. His detailed will, drafted in 1616, reflects his dedication to religious service and familial responsibilities, distributing a significant fortune to various family members and religious institutions, including his monastery. Fernández de Medrano is remembered for his role in the monastic community and his contributions to the legacy of his family during Spain’s Golden Age.

Early life and family background

Juan Fernández de Medrano y Sandoval (born 1595) was the son of Tomás Fernández de Medrano, secretary to the Duke of Savoy, and Isabel Ibáñez de Sandoval, a lady-in-waiting to Princess Catalina Micaela, Duchess of Savoy. He was the paternal grandson of Juan Fernández de Medrano. His father was a resident of the Royal Palace of Madrid.

Fray Juan Fernandez de Medrano y Sandoval owned various lands and had rights in several towns in La Rioja: Clavijo, Lasanta, Tudelilla, Villamediana, Yangüela, Lagunilla, Leza, Alberite, Ribafrecha, and El Villar de Arnedo. His family hailed from the Cameros region of La Rioja, Spain, and was deeply rooted in the nobility of the area, being connected to the Lords of Almarza de Cameros, and the Solar de Valdeosera—a historical institution of collective nobility founded in the 9th century during the Reconquista.

According to N.L.B. in La Silva Curiosa (1583), the Medrano family is recognized as "noble princes, with blood of noble ancestors, whose famed virtue is well known from the men it produced." The ancient House of Medrano was one of the most powerful in the Sierra de Cameros. Juan grew up in a politically influential household. His father, Tomás, held significant positions within the Spanish monarchy and the court of Savoy, serving as secretary of state and war to the Dukes of Savoy, as well as being a member of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem. His father was the author of an important political treatise called Republica Mista, originally published in Madrid in 1602.

His mother, Isabel de Sandoval, was closely tied to the powerful House of Sandoval, which included the Duke of Lerma, the favorite of King Philip III. This connection provided the family with both protection and access to the upper echelons of Spanish and Savoyard society.

His sister, Ana María Fernández de Medrano y Sandoval (b. 1608), a lady-in-waiting for Queen Elisabeth of France, Queen of Spain, married Rodrigo Martínez de Fresneda y Bonivern, knight of the Order of Montesa.

The economic and political stability of the family enabled Juan to pursue a monastic life. He joined the Cistercian monastery of San Prudencio de Monte Laturce, where he was well-regarded for his substantial donations and pious commitments. The wealth he inherited from his parents and the financial support of King Philip III allowed him to make significant contributions to the monastery, including funding the construction of new facilities. The family’s patronage extended to religious institutions, including the Monastery of San Juan de Acre, where they held burial rights and supported its reconstruction during the 17th century. The Medrano family, Lords of Agoncillo, were also generational patrons of the Franciscan Order, generously donating some of their land in 1211, including a tower, situated close to the Ebro River within the city of Logroño as a gift to Francis of Assisi himself, establishing the first Spanish convent of his order there.

His mother Isabel de Sandoval was a noblewoman of significant influence, deeply connected to the Spanish and European aristocracy. As a lady-in-waiting to Princess Catalina Micaela of Spain, Duchess of Savoy, Isabel played a vital role in the household of the daughter of King Philip II of Spain. Isabel was part of the powerful House of Sandoval, whose influence peaked during the reigns of Philip II and Philip III through figures like Francisco Gómez de Sandoval y Rojas, the Duke of Lerma. Her connection to this family provided her children, Juan and Ana María de Medrano, with access to opportunities and protections in court and church circles.

The Fernández de Medrano family was also associated with various military and ecclesiastical achievements. Juan’s uncles included Francisco Fernández de Medrano, a captain in the Spanish infantry, Lázaro Fernández de Medrano, a Spanish ensign, and Diego de Medrano, squadron general and captain of the Spanish and Portuguese galleys, who served in the Invincible Armada and other significant military campaigns.

Religious life and contributions

Cistercians at work in a detail from the Life of St. Bernard of Clairvaux, illustrated by Jörg Breu the Elder (1500)

In 1616, Juan Fernández de Medrano y Sandoval joined the Monastery of San Prudencio de Monte Laturce, a Cistercian community in the diocese of Calahorra, Spain. Renouncing the privileges of his noble birth, he committed himself to a life of religious devotion. Juan Fernández de Medrano y Sandoval played an active role in the spiritual and administrative affairs of the Monastery of San Prudencio de Monte Laturce. His contributions are documented in various legal and financial records.

Its location coincided with the field of one of the mythical battles of the reconquest in the area: the battle of Clavijo. San Prudencio de Monte Laturce was lord of a nearby village: Villanueva de San Prudencio. The abbey of San Prudencio de Monte Laturce sheltered an average of 20 monks throughout the 17th and 18th centuries.

Commissioning an altarpiece

He participated in the day-to-day governance and broader financial stability of the Monastery of San Prudencio de Monte Laturce. Among his most significant contributions was the commissioning of a new altarpiece, which served as a focal point for worship.

Will and testament

Coat of arms of the Cistercian Order

Juan's will is preserved in the notarial protocols of the Provincial Historical Archive of La Rioja. Juan drafted his will on October 26, 1616, as required by the statutes of his order prior to taking his monastic vows. In it, he expressed his desire to be "more free and unencumbered from the things of the world" in order to fulfill his holy profession. His will provided for significant financial disbursements to his family, relatives, and servants. This document provides rich insight into both his piety and the extensive wealth he managed, which he distributed among family members and religious institutions:

In dei nomine amén. Let those who see this letter of testament, last and final will, know that I, Friar Juan Fernández de Medrano, son of Tomás Fernández de Medrano and Doña Isabel de Sandoval, neighbors of Madrid, novice at present in the monastery of St. Prudencio of the Order of St. Bernard of Cistercians, in the diocese of Calahorra, being as I am about to profess in the said monastery, Diocese of Calahorra, and I wish to comply with the decree of the Holy Council and statutes of my holy religion, so that I may celebrate my holy profession, I order my will and, affirm my will.

Juan’s will allocated 2,000 ducats, sourced from two primary assets:

  • His share of his parents’ estate, which had been auctioned.
  • Payments owed to him and his father by the Crown, specifically funds related to assistance for the Medrano family in Milan.

His contributions included:

  • 600 ducats to the Monastery of San Prudencio de Monte Laturce for its upkeep and operations.
  • 100 ducats to his uncle, Captain Francisco Fernández de Medrano, who resided in Logroño, in perpetuity.
  • 200 ducats to his aunt, Magdalena de Sandoval, governess to the children of the first Duke of Uceda.
  • 200 ducats to his cousins, Pedro and Felipe.
  • 50 ducats to Juana and Melchora del Cavia, residents of Madrid.
  • The remainder of his estate to his sister, Ana María Fernández de Medrano y Sandoval, named as his universal heir.

Regarding the monastery of San Prudencio de Monte Laturce, his will included a specific clause that required the amount to be doubled to 1,200 ducats if not delivered within four months.

Reconstruction of the Monastery of San Prudencio de Monte Laturce

His father, Tomás Fernández de Medrano, a man of deep faith, proclaimed in his República Mista (1602):

Better to preserve than to tear down, to repair and rebuild a noble temple rather than construct it anew.

Monastery of San Prudencio de Monte Laturce

Following his father's example, in 1616, Juan allocated funds in his will for the reconstruction of parts of the monastery. In the early 17th century, the prosperity of the oratory was evident through the expansion of its facilities, as referenced by Fray Juan Fernandez de Medrano in his will. Thanks to his detailed will and testament, art historians have determined that the refectory building within the abbey of San Prudencio de Monte Laturce, which was discovered in the 17th century and had survived the neglect following the abbey's abandonment in 1835, dates back to around 1616.

Juan Fernandez de Medrano y Sandoval contributed 600 ducats for the restoration of the refectory and cells within the monastery. Specific projects carried out by Juan during this period included:

  • Renovation of the Cloister: Repairs to the cloister ensured it remained functional for monastic life, supporting both the spiritual practices and communal activities of the monks.
  • Reinforcement of the Monastery Walls: Structural improvements were made to fortify the monastery against environmental wear, ensuring its long-term preservation.
  • Restoration of the Monastic Chapel: The chapel underwent repairs and enhancements to accommodate growing liturgical needs and maintain its sanctity as a place of worship.

A power of attorney dated July 9, 1617 was issued, giving full authority to Fray Plácido Corral, Procurator General of the conventual order and resident at the monastery in Madrid, to act on behalf of the monastery. Fray Plácido was authorized to collect and recover the remaining 306 ducats of the 600-ducat bequest that Fray Juan Fernández de Medrano had allocated to the Monastery of San Prudencio in his will. This also included any other bequests or dues owed to the monastery, whether in Madrid or elsewhere, ensuring that all obligations from Fray Juan’s estate and others were fulfilled.

Participation in Governance

The last known record of Juan Fernández de Medrano y Sandoval dates to February 10, 1618, when he participated in a chapter meeting at the Monastery of San Prudencio de Monte Laturce. During this meeting, Juan and his fellow monks gathered to deliberate on significant administrative and operational matters of the monastery, including property management and internal governance. The records reveal his role as a signatory on various legal and financial agreements.

Dedication to the Duke of Lerma

Juan Fernández de Medrano's dedication to the Duke of Lerma as seen in the Republica Mista (1602)
Portrait of the Duke of Lerma, Francisco de Sandoval

In 1601, Juan Fernández de Medrano y Sandoval contributed to the dissemination of his father’s political ideas by playing a role in the publication of República Mista, a treatise authored by Tomás Fernández de Medrano. His father's treatise discusses three precepts, the first is religion, the second is obedience and the third, justice. This work, originally published in 1602, described as the first of seven treatises written by Tomás, was addressed to Francisco de Sandoval, 1st Duke of Lerma, a key political figure and favourite of King Philip III:

The ship that is governed by two captains faces the storm at peril. The Empire that depends on more than one leader, as experience teaches us, cannot sustain itself. If in the fourth heaven where the Sun that illuminates us resides, another Sun were to join it, the Earth would burn. Although this Kingdom and Monarchy may appear as an image of many bodies, it is no more than one, governed and guided by a single soul, while the members, united as they are, attend solely to the preservation of their own being, which is the public good. The King, our Lord, made Your Excellency (God made him) the Father of this Ship, the soul of this body, and the Sun that illuminates us, recognizing (as wise) the equality of light, which therefore should belong to the subject. For, from his birth, he was as great as he is now in matter and form, which is real, requiring only a shadow under which, as a secondary cause, he might exercise and communicate the rays of his virtues to all who are his subjects in this globe, as it appeared to him (and to the world) that the spirit and heart of Your Excellency were, like that of Augustus, capable of such greatness. Each day, His Majesty recognizes this truth through the effects that confirm it, for no one with good zeal does not wish for the continuation of this good, showing gratitude for what Your Excellency has received. As the most obliged servant, the son of well-recognized servants, I bring these three bouquets of Religion, Obedience, and Justice, with some refinement (shades of the cloak that Your Excellency has always worn) as I found them composed as they are of select flowers in my father's garden. Although it is general for all, there is no silver or flower that does not wish to be cultivated especially for the service of Your Excellency, as the universal father of the republic, to whom all owe their due. And I humbly implore that he order them placed, so they do not wither in the recesses of his grace, continuing the favor that Your Excellency (our lord) has always shown us, in whose virtue and merits we hope for what we can expect from a Prince so great. To respond to such debt, I will only say with Ausonius: “Your fortune does not desire the return of a reward, nor does ours suggest the capacity to repay.” In Madrid, on the 22nd of August 1601.

— Juan Fernández de Medrano y Sandoval

Religious and family legacy

Juan Fernández de Medrano y Sandoval’s religious devotion mirrored the broader Fernández de Medrano family’s legacy of faith and noble patronage. His father, Tomás Fernández de Medrano, was a knight of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem and secretary of state and war to the Duke of Savoy.

Family patronage of San Juan de Acre in Salinas de Añana

San Juan de Acre in the town of Salinas de Añana

On June 22, 1608, the nuns at the Monastery of San Juan de Acre in Salinas de Añana convened a meeting to confirm his parents as patrons of the monastery. The nuns decision emphasized the family’s ongoing contributions, stating:

Because of the contributions made by their ancestors and relatives, including the establishment and endowment of this convent, we unanimously name Señor Tomás Fernández de Medrano and Doña Isabel de Sandoval as patrons of this monastery and its annexed church.

The Fernández de Medrano family’s patronage was particularly notable at the Monastery of San Juan de Acre in Salinas de Añana. The monastery, which belonged to the female branch of the Order of St. John, was strategically located near the highly valuable salt mines of the region. The family held burial rights at the monastery and contributed to its reconstruction and upkeep during the 17th century.

Specific contributions at the Monastery of San Juan de Acre in Salinas de Añana included:

  • Renovation of the Chapel: The Fernández de Medrano family funded the restoration of the collateral chapel, which housed their family burial site and displayed the family coat of arms.
  • Structural Repairs: Records indicate that the monastery underwent significant structural repairs under the patronage of Tomás Fernández de Medrano and his wife, Isabel de Sandoval, to ensure its continued use as a religious and burial site.
  • Support for the Nuns: The family also provided financial support for the resident nuns, ensuring the sustainability of their religious practices and the preservation of the monastery’s heritage. The Medrano family pledged and bestowed upon the prioresses, nuns, and the convent, an annual income of fifty ducats for two lifetimes and a one-time contribution of a thousand ducats from their personal estate.

Battle of Clavijo and the Lordship of Valdeosera

Battle of Clavijo by Martin Shongauer

The Very Noble, Ancient, and Illustrious Solar, Lordship, and Villa of Valdeosera is a historic family and noble institution, originating in the 11th century and deeply connected to the significant events of the Reconquista in La Rioja. It represents one of the last remaining examples of behetría de linaje (lineage-based lordships) or de entre parientes (among relatives) in Castile. Its noble status was formally reaffirmed in the 15th century by Henry IV of Castile in 1460 and later by the Catholic Monarchs in the Vega of Granada in 1481. Today, it remains one of Spain's oldest noble corporations, consisting of its Lords and Ladies Diviseros and Diviseras, recognized for their Hijosdalgo heritage and the rights to bear and display arms.

Valdeosera, of the municipality of San Román de Cameros in La Rioja (Spain)

The Lordship of Valdeosera is a historic noble institution rooted in the 9th century during the early years of the Reconquista. It is closely tied to the battle of Clavijo (c. 844), where St. James the Apostle is said to have miraculously intervened to secure a Christian victory against the Moors. This battle established the prominence of the lords of Valdeosera, who were granted collective nobility and heraldic rights as descendants of the original defenders of the region. The lordship, also known as the Solar de Valdeosera, encompasses thirteen divisions or noble lineages of Sancho Fernández de Tejada, and its members have traditionally held privileges and responsibilities associated with their status.

According to the Licentiate Salinas, Juan and his father Tomás Fernández de Medrano, Lord of Valdeosera, are true and legitimate descendants of Sancho Fernández de Tejada, famous knight and general of King Ramiro I of Asturias who participated in the legendary battle of Clavijo.

Dedication to King Philip III of Spain

King Philip III of Spain

Juan Fernández de Medrano was involved in documenting and celebrating the history of Valdeosera. In 1601, the Licentiate Salinas authored a work titled "Summary of the Memorable and Holy Battle of Clavijo: The True Origin and Antiquity of the Lordship and Lords of the Town, Land, and Heraldic Divisas of Valdeosera," dedicated to King Philip III of Spain by Friar Juan Fernández de Medrano y Sandoval:

All sources and rivers (my lord) originate from the sea and return to it. Therefore, having addressed Secretary Tomás Fernández de Medrano, my father, regarding the summary and compendium of the memory of the holy battle of Clavijo (in which Your Majesty is so interested on behalf of the glorious King Ramiro), along with the origin, nobility, and antiquity of the lordship and lords of the village, land, and insignia of Valdeosera (since they are connected), it seemed fitting to him (before it was made public) for me to dedicate it to Your Majesty, as the true ocean, origin, and antiquity of all nobility, legitimate lord, lover, and protector of it, as a holy, valiant, and noble King, under whose protection all live very securely, and this lordship will live, this memory will live, and we will live, until we die in the service of Your Majesty. I humbly implore Your Majesty, since you have begun to build on my father's land, placing on the foundation of his merits (at the request of the Serene Highness of Savoy and the intercession of the Duke of Lerma, of whom we are all servants) the stone that is at the end of this plan, that the building not remain incomplete or exposed (as it is) to the ravages of time, but that Your Majesty will be pleased to command its completion, as we all hope from the greatness of Your Majesty, whose Catholic and Royal person may our Lord keep for as many years as Christendom needs.

— Juan Fernández de Medrano y Sandoval, 1601.

See also

References

  1. ^ Tellez, Diego (2015-01-01). "Tomás y Juan Fernández de Medrano: una saga camerana a fines del s. XVI y comienzos del s. XVII". Berceo.
  2. ^ Testament of Juan Fernández de Medrano, 26 October 1616, Archivo Histórico Provincial de La Rioja (en adelante A.H.P.L.R), Protocolos Notariales, Protocolo 8.270-4.
  3. ^ Tomás Fernández de Medrano: Consejero y Secretario de Estado y Guerra de los Duques de Saboya, Divisero del Solar de Valdeosera by Luis Pinillos Lafuente, divisero of Valdeosera. p. 22-30 https://cuadernosdeayala.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/CAyala-87.pdf
  4. Julián de Medrano, José María Sbarbi y Osuna (1878). La Silva curiosa (in Spanish). University of Michigan. A. Gomez Fuentenebro. p. 23.
  5. ^ "Revista Hidalguía, número 9 | Hidalguía, la revista de genealogía, nobleza y armas" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-12-04.
  6. ^ "Tomás Fernández Medrano | Real Academia de la Historia". dbe.rah.es. Retrieved 2024-12-04.
  7. ^ Medrano, Juan Fernandez de (1602). República Mista (in Spanish). Impr. Real.
  8. El expediente se conserva en el A.H.N., Órdenes Militares-Casamiento-Montesa, Expediente 73.
  9. ^ Archive of La Rioja, pp. XVII-XVIII.
  10. ^ Copia de algunos papeles..., s. f. (1609).
  11. Valdeosera, University of La Rioja https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/8373646.pdf
  12. Cocat, Ramón José Maldonado y (1949). Hidalguias Riojanas: el solar de Valdeosera: El solar de Valdeosera (in Spanish). Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Instituto Jeronimo Zurita.
  13. ^ "Solar de Valdeosera" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-12-04.
  14. ^ Licenciado Salinas, Sumario de la Memorable y santa batalla de Clavijo, cierto y verdadero origen y antigüedad del Señorío y señores de la villa, solar y divisas de Valdeosera, Madrid: Pedro Madrigal, 1601.
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