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Juan Manuel Fernández Pacheco, 8th Duke of Escalona

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(Redirected from Juan Manuel López de Pacheco, 8th Duke of Escalona) Spanish noble (1650-1725) In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Fernández Pacheco and the second or maternal family name is Zúñiga.
The Most ExcellentThe Duke of EscalonaGE
The Duke of Escalona in an 18th century painting
Seat A of the Royal Spanish Academy
In office
6 July 1713 – 29 June 1725
Preceded bySeat established
Succeeded byTomás Pascual de Azpeitia
Director of the Royal Spanish Academy
In office
6 July 1713 – 29 June 1725
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byMercurio López Pacheco
Personal details
BornJuan Manuel María de la Aurora Fernández Pacheco Acuña Girón y Portocarrero
(1650-09-07)7 September 1650
Marcilla (Navarre), Spain
Died29 June 1725(1725-06-29) (aged 74)
Madrid, Spain
Spouse María Josefa de Benavides Silva y Manrique de Lara ​ ​(m. 1674)​
Children
Parents

Juan Manuel Fernández Pacheco y Zúñiga, Duke of Escalona and Marquess of Villena (Marcilla, Navarre, 7 September 1650 – Madrid, 29 June 1725), was a Spanish aristocrat, politician, and academician who founded the Royal Spanish Academy.

Biography

Duke Juan Manuel Fernández, Duke of Escalona, Marquess of Villena, 12th Count of San Esteban de Gormaz, 8th Count of Xiquena was the son of Diego López Pacheco, 7th Duke of Escalona (1599–1653) and his second wife Juana María Francisca de Zuñiga (died 1652). He served as Mayordomo mayor to the king, viceroy, and captain-general of the Kingdoms of Navarre, Aragon, Catalonia, Sicily and Naples, and, on 9 October 1687, was awarded the title of Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece. In 1694 he lost the Battle of Torroella against the invading French and, during the War of the Spanish Succession, was imprisoned in Gaeta, Naples, by the Austrian empire, after losing the Siege of Gaeta (1707). Upon his release and return to Spain, he founded—under orders of King Philip V—the Royal Spanish Academy (Real Academia Española (RAE)). He was elected its first lifetime director in 1713.

Marriage and children

on 29 September 1674 he married María Josefa de Benavides Silva y Manrique de Lara, daughter of Diego de Benavides, 8th Count of Santisteban. They had 2 sons:

  • Mercurio López Pacheco y Benavides, (Escalona 9 May 1679 - Madrid 7 June 1738), the 9th Duke of Escalona and many other titles and also the lifetime 2nd director of the RAE (1725–1738).
  • Marciano Fernández Pacheco (1688-1743)

References

  1. "Marqueses de Villena (Segovia), Portal Fuenterrebollo".
  2. CIUDAD RUIZ, Manuel (2000): «El maestrazgo de Don Rodrigo Téllez Girón», en En la España Medieval, nº 23. 0214-3038, pp. 321–365
Government offices
Preceded byAlejandro de Bournonville Viceroy of Navarre
1691–1692 		Succeeded byBaltasar de Zúñiga
Preceded byBaltasar de los Cobos Viceroy of Aragon
1693 		Succeeded byDomenico del Giudice
Preceded byJuan Claros Pérez de Guzmán Viceroy of Catalonia
1693–1694 		Succeeded byFrancisco Antonio de Agurto
Preceded byLuis Francisco de la Cerda Viceroy of Naples
1700–1713 		Succeeded byGeorg Adam von Martinitz
Preceded byPietro Colonna Viceroy of Sicily
1701–1702 		Succeeded byFrancesco del Giudice
Academic offices
New title Director of
The Royal Spanish Academy
1713–1725 		Succeeded byThe Duke of Escalona
A seat of
The Royal Spanish Academy
1713–1725 		Succeeded byTomás Pascual de Azpeitia
Spanish nobility
Preceded byDiego López Pacheco Duke of Escalona
1653–1725 		Succeeded byMercurio López Pacheco
Marquis of Villena
1653–1725
Count of San Esteban de Gormaz
1653–1725
Count of Xiquena
1653–1725
Marquis of Moya
1653–1725 		Succeeded byVicente de Cabrera
Real Academia Española seat A
He was elected in 1916 but never took the seat
Directors of the Real Academia Española
Accidental; Interim
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