Misplaced Pages

Judenberater

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
(Redirected from Judenreferent) Nazi death camp staff members
You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (February 2017) Click for important translation instructions.
  • Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Misplaced Pages.
  • Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 2,136 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization.
  • Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
  • You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Misplaced Pages article at ]; see its history for attribution.
  • You may also add the template {{Translated|de|Judenberater}} to the talk page.
  • For more guidance, see Misplaced Pages:Translation.

The Judenberater or Judenreferent (German plural: Judenberater; Judenreferenten), variously translated as Jewish advisers or Jewish experts, were Nazi SS officials who supervised anti-Jewish legislation and the deportations of Jews in the countries under their responsibility. Key architects of the Holocaust, most of them were under the direct command of Adolf Eichmann.

Role

The Judenreferent was not an "adviser" in the literal sense of the term, as he was deployed exclusively in allied or occupied states to promote anti-Jewish measures and their deportations, and was a direct participant in anti-Jewish activities before and during World War II.

In France and several other countries defeated by Germany, the Jewish advisers were subject to the disciplinary command of the Sicherheitspolizei. In allied countries such as Bulgaria and Romania, they were subordinate to the police attaché (Polizeiattaché) or the German ambassador. The "Jewish advisers" of the SS received their instructions exclusively from the Eichmannreferat, who kept himself up to date through "regular activity reports and briefings on their actions".

According to Claudia Steur, the Judenberater can be divided into two groups: those like Dannecker, Wisliceny, Brunner, Boßhammer and Abromeit were close confidants of Adolf Eichmann and served as role models for the other "Jewish advisors". The remaining ones were initiated relatively late in the Final Solution, and their "striving for power, prestige and social advancement" was an important motive for their later participation in the Holocaust.

German policy was to involve allied governments in the persecution of Jews in order to make them complicit in the Holocaust.

List

Perpetrators

Most of the perpetrators, who later rose to become "Judenberater" (advisers to the Jews), were born between 1905 and 1913, had joined the NSDAP before 1933, did not find a secure position until they joined the SS, and quickly advanced to positions of power. They "slowly grew into a role that became increasingly brutal, which they then, without doubting the appropriateness of the orders given to them, carried out diligently and consistently until the end of the war."

Works cited

References

  1. ^ Herbert F. Ziegler, A review to the book by Theodor Dannecker: Ein Funktionär der 'Endlösung' , Central European History, Vol. 32, No. 4, 1999. JSTOR 4546920
  2. Steuer 2000, pp. 403–36.
  3. ^ Steuer 2000, p. 404.
  4. Steur, Claudia (1997). Theodor Dannecker.: Ein Funktionär der 'Endlösung' (in German). Klartext Verlagsges. Mbh. p. 43. ISBN 978-3884745458.
  5. Steuer 2000, pp. 432–34.
  6. Longerich, Peter (2010). Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 399. ISBN 978-0192804365.
  7. Lieven Saerens: Rachel, Jacob, Paul et les autres : une histoire des Juifs à bruxelles. Trad. du néerlandais par Serge Govaert. Brüssel : Mardaga, 2014 ISBN 978-2804702106
  8. Roland Ray, Annäherung an Frankreich im Dienste Hitlers?: Otto Abetz und die deutsche Frankreichpolitik 1930–1942, 2000, ISBN 3486596098, Chapter 10, Section 4: "Motor der 'Endlosung' in FrankReich: Judenreferent Carltheo Zeitschel"
  9. Max Williams, Reinhard Heydrich: The Biography: Volume 1 (2001), p. 61.
  10. Steuer 2000, p. 434.
Categories: