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Judith Hart

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(Redirected from Judith Hart, Baroness Hart of South Lanark) British politician

The Right HonourableThe Baroness Hart of South LanarkDBE PC
Chair of the National Executive Committee
In office
24 November 1981 – 24 November 1982
LeaderMichael Foot
Preceded byAlec Kitson
Succeeded bySam McCluskie
Minister for Overseas Development
In office
21 February 1977 – 4 May 1979
Prime MinisterJames Callaghan
Preceded byFrank Judd
Succeeded byNeil Marten
In office
7 April 1974 – 10 June 1975
Prime MinisterHarold Wilson
Preceded byRichard Wood
Succeeded byReg Prentice
In office
6 October 1969 – 19 June 1970
Prime MinisterHarold Wilson
Preceded byReg Prentice
Succeeded byRichard Wood
Shadow Minister for Overseas Development
In office
4 May 1979 – 8 December 1980
LeaderJames Callaghan
Preceded byRichard Luce
Succeeded byFrank McElhone
In office
19 June 1970 – 7 April 1974
Ministerial Offices 1964–69
LeaderHarold Wilson
Preceded byBernard Braine
Succeeded byRichard Wood
Paymaster General
In office
1 November 1968 – 6 October 1969
Prime MinisterHarold Wilson
Preceded byThe Lord Shackleton
Succeeded byHarold Lever
Minister of Social Security
In office
26 July 1967 – 1 November 1968
Prime MinisterHarold Wilson
Preceded byPeggy Herbison
Succeeded byRichard Crossman (as Secretary of State for Social Services)
Minister of State for Commonwealth Affairs
In office
6 April 1966 – 26 July 1967
Prime MinisterHarold Wilson
Preceded byCledwyn Hughes
Succeeded byGeorge Thomas
Under-Secretary of State for Scotland
In office
20 October 1964 – 6 April 1966
Prime MinisterHarold Wilson
Preceded byAnthony Stodart
Succeeded byBruce Millan
Member of Parliament
for Clydesdale
Lanark (1959–1983)
In office
8 October 1959 – 18 May 1987
Preceded byPatrick Francis Maitland
Succeeded byJimmy Hood
Personal details
BornConstance Mary Ridehalgh
(1924-09-18)18 September 1924
Burnley, Lancashire, England
Died7 December 1991(1991-12-07) (aged 67)
London, England
Political partyLabour
Spouse Anthony Bernard Hart ​ ​(m. 1946)​
Children2
Alma materLondon School of Economics
University of London
OccupationPolitician

Constance Mary Hart, Baroness Hart of South Lanark, DBE, PC (née Ridehalgh; 18 September 1924 – 7 December 1991), also known as Dame Judith Hart, was a British Labour Party politician. She served as a Member of Parliament for 28 years, from 1959 to 1987. She served as a government minister during the 1960s and 1970s before entering the House of Lords in 1988.

Early life and education

Hart was born on 18 September 1924 in Burnley, Lancashire, England. Her mother died when she was eleven years old; a year later, she adopted the name Judith on a train to London. She was educated at Clitheroe Royal Grammar School, the London School of Economics and the University of London. At school, she was head girl until she "took a day off school to visit the Tate Gallery in London and refused to apologise for doing so".

Political career

After joining the Labour Party aged 18, Hart was unsuccessful Labour candidate for Bournemouth West in 1951. She stood again in Aberdeen South in 1955 in "The Battle of the Housewives" but lost to Lady Tweedsmuir. She was elected as member for Lanark in 1959, winning by 700 votes after she arranged postal votes for displaced miners. She held the seat until 1983. Thereafter she sat for Clydesdale until 1987.

She held ministerial office as joint Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Scotland from 1964 to 1966, Minister of State, Commonwealth Office (1966–1967), Minister of Social Security (1967–68), Paymaster General (with a seat in the Cabinet, and the first female holder) from 1968 to 1969, and as Minister of Overseas Development from 1969 to 1970, 1974 to 1975 (when she resigned; see below) and 1977 to 1979. In so doing, she became the fifth woman to have been included in a government cabinet in the history of Britain. She was also the first female Paymaster-General in Britain.

In opposition, Hart was frontbench spokesman on overseas aid from 1970 to 1974 and 1979 to 1980. Her views were often controversial and in 1972 she was mailed a bomb over her controversial work with the Labour Party's Southern African Liberation Fund. In 1974, when Labour returned to power, Hart was nearly passed over for a ministerial post due to her and her husband's connections to communism. Prime Minister Harold Wilson eventually decided to appoint her as Minister of Overseas Development, but she was never again appointed to Cabinet due to security concerns.

A trained sociologist, Hart frequently spoke and wrote on international development. She wrote several books, including Aid and Liberation: A Socialist Study of Aid Politics, published in 1973. Nonetheless, her opposition to British membership of the European Economic Community (EEC), which she believed would have a negative impact on British aid to the third world, ensured that she would be a casualty of Wilson's purge of the "anti-marketeers" following the outcome of the referendum on EEC membership in 1975. Although Wilson tried to send her to the Department of Transport, she resigned from all ministerial responsibility in protest. Later, following her return as Minister of Overseas Development in 1977, Hart developed a plan to redistribute British aid to prioritise the poorest countries, but it conflicted with diplomatic and trade priorities and was thwarted by the Conservative victory at the 1979 general election.

She was co-chairman of the Women's National Commission (appointed by the government) from 1969 to 1970. Within the Labour Party she was a member of the National Executive Committee from 1969 to 1983, serving as vice-chairman in 1980–81, and as chairman in 1981–82. She was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1967, and appointed a DBE in 1979.

On 8 February 1988, she was created a life peer, as Baroness Hart of South Lanark, of Lanark in the County of Lanark.

Personal life

She met her husband, Dr Anthony Bernard Hart (always known as Tony), at an Association of Scientific Workers meeting. They married in 1946 and had two sons. He was also politically active, but when they were both selected as candidates for the Labour party in 1959, he withdrew his candidacy to support her campaign.

The family relocated to London in 1961 to allow Hart more family time. When Hart was appointed Minister of State for Commonwealth Affairs in 1966, her mother-in-law moved in to help with the children.

According to her son, Hart was a functional alcoholic and smoked 60 cigarettes a day.

Death

She died of bone cancer at the Queen Mary's Hospital, Roehampton, London, in 1991, aged 67.

References

  1. ^ "Hart, Judith (1924—) | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  2. ^ Reeves, Rachel, 1979– (7 March 2019). Women of Westminster : the MPs who changed politics. London. ISBN 978-1-78831-677-4. OCLC 1084655208.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  3. Bartley, Paula (2019). Labour Women in Power: Cabinet Ministers in the Twentieth Century. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 190. ISBN 978-3-030-14287-2.
  4. Sutherland, Duncan, "Hart (née Ridehalgh), Judith, Baroness Hart of South Lanark (1924–1991)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edition, September 2004. Retrieved 7 July 2023. (subscription required)
  5. "Hart of South Lanark, Baroness, (Judith Constance Mary Hart) (18 Sept. 1924 – 8 Dec. 1991) | WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO-". www.ukwhoswho.com. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u172992. ISBN 978-0-19-954089-1. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
  6. "No. 47868". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 June 1979. p. 7600.
  7. "No. 51238". The London Gazette. 11 February 1988. p. 1593.
  8. "Judith Hart, 67, Dies; Labor Cabinet Minister". The New York Times. 9 December 1991. Retrieved 27 February 2019.

Sources

Sutherland, Duncan (May 2008). "Hart, Judith, Baroness Hart of South Lanark (1924–1991)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/49767. Retrieved 6 September 2009. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

External links

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded byPatrick Maitland Member of Parliament for Lanark
1959–1983 		Constituency abolished
New constituency Member of Parliament for Clydesdale
1983–1987 		Succeeded byJimmy Hood
Political offices
Preceded byPeggy Herbison Minister of Social Security
1967–1968 		Succeeded byRichard Crossmanas Secretary of State for Social Services
Preceded byThe Lord Shackleton Paymaster General
1968–1969 		Succeeded byHarold Lever
Preceded byReg Prentice Minister of Overseas Development
1969–1970 		Succeeded byRichard Wood
Preceded byRichard Wood Minister for Overseas Development
1974–1975 		Succeeded byReg Prentice
Preceded byFrank Judd Minister for Overseas Development
1977–1979 		Succeeded byNeil Marten
Party political offices
Preceded byAlec Kitson Chair of the Labour Party
1981–1982 		Succeeded bySam McCluskie
Secretaries of state for work and pensions of the United Kingdom
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* Served as Minister for (Overseas) Development as a Minister of State at the Foreign Office
Paymasters general of the United Kingdom
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