The Kızıldere Incident (Turkish: Kızıldere Olayı) was a political armed conflict that took place in the Kızıldere village of the Turkish city Tokat on 26 March 1972, which ended in the death of nine Turkish leftist guerillas belonging to People's Liberation Party-Front of Turkey (THKP-C).
What led to this incident was the ongoing lawsuit that demanded the execution of other THKP-C guerillas Deniz Gezmiş, Yusuf Aslan, and Hüseyin İnan. Leftist guerilla Mahir Çayan and his friends kidnapped the Israeli ambassador, Ephraim Elrom, and killed him to prevent the oncoming execution of formerly arrested guerillas. After the murder of Ephraim Elrom, the Turkish government managed to seize Mahir Çayan in a gunfight and placed him in the Maltepe military prison. THKP-C guerillas Mahir Çayan, Ulaş Bardakçı, Ziya Yılmaz, and THKO guerillas Cihan Alptekin and Ömer Ayan managed to escape the prison on 29 November 1971 by digging a tunnel. After their escape, Çayan and his friends kidnapped two English and one Canadian technicians from the Ünye Radar Station in the Turkish city of Ordu on 26 May 1972 to force their demands. They left a memorandum that demands the halt of the execution of Deniz Gezmiş and two other guerillas to the combination safe of three technicians they kidnapped. After the Turkish government’s investigations, a local mukhtar, Hasan Yılmaz, told the policemen that Çayan and his friends headed to Kızıldere. On 29 May 1972, the house guerillas were hiding in was besieged by Turkish commando forces. Çayan and his friends refused to surrender and they threatened to kill the hostages. Turkish forces told the guerillas that they don’t believe the hostages were in the house, Çayan and his friends proved the presence of hostages by showing them from the window. After the fighting broke out, Çayan was killed and hostages were shot by the remaining guerillas. As the fighting continued all other guerillas were killed except Ertuğrul Kürkçü, who managed to survive by hiding in the hayloft. Kürkçü was arrested the next day during the search of the house by commando forces.
The Kızıldere Incident was one of the most infamous events preceding the political violence in Turkey (1976-1980) and it became influential for further guerilla actions and government retaliations. Events such as Bloody Sunday (1969), bombings, robberies, and kidnappings happened but it was responded with the government’s stance on gladio and militant activities of right groups, which paved the way to the Turkish coup d'état of 1980.
Footnotes
- ^ Mumcu 1993, pp. 9–14.
- Özkaya 2015, p. 48.
- ^ Özkaya 2015, p. 47.
- Zürcher 2017, pp. 257–267.
- Zürcher 2017, pp. 283–285.
References
- Mumcu, Uğur (1993). Kürt dosyası (2. basım ed.). İstanbul: Tekin Yayınevi. ISBN 9789754781298.
- Özkaya, Derya (September 2015). Commemorative Practices and Narratives Of Revolutionary Movements In Turkey: "Kizildere" As A Texture Of Memory (MA thesis).
- Zürcher, Erik Jan (2017). Turkey: a modern history (4rd ed.). London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 9781784531874.