*kʷetwóres rule - Misplaced Pages

(Redirected from Kʷetwóres rule) Sound rule of the Proto-Indo-European language

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The *kʷetwóres rule of Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is a sound law of PIE accent, stating that in a word of three syllables é-o-X the accent will be moved to the penultimate, e-ó-X. It has been observed by earlier scholars, but it was only in the 1980s that it attracted enough attention to be named, probably first by Helmut Rix in 1985. Examples:

*kʷetwóres < *kʷétwores "four" (Latin: quattuor)
singular accusatives,
- of r-stems, *swes-ór-m̥ < *swés-or-m̥ "sister" acc. singular
- of r-stems, *ǵʰes-ór-m̥ < *ǵʰés-or-m̥ "hand" acc. singular
- of s-stems, *h₂ews-ós-m̥ < *h₂éws-os-m̥ "Ausos" (Vedic Sanskrit uṣā́sam)

The rule is fed by an assumed earlier sound law that changes è to ò after an accented syllable: *kʷetwóres < *kʷétwores < *kʷétweres.

Rix invoked the rule in the 1998 preface to the Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben (p. 22) to explain why in the PIE perfect the root ó grade is accented: *ǵe-ǵónh- / *ǵé-ǵn̥h- < *ǵé-ǵenh- / *ǵé-ǵn̥h- "created/engendered".

The rule has been invoked by Mottausch to explain accented ó grades in the PIE nominal ablaut.

References

G. Klingenschmitt Die Lateinische Nominalflexion (1992), p. 44.
M. Kümmel, Stativ und Passivaorist (1996), p. 9.
K.-H. Mottausch, Die idg. Nominalflexion und die o-Stufe HS 113 (2000).
K.-H. Mottausch, Die thematischen Nomina im Idg. HS 114 (2001).
H. Rix, sūdor and sīdus in: FS Knobloch (ed. Ölberg, 1985), p. 348
K. Stüber, Die primären s-Stämme (2002), p. 24f.

v t e Proto-Indo-European language
Phonology	Accent Centum and satem Glottalic theory Laryngeal theory s-mobile Sound laws boukólos rule *kʷetwóres rule Glossary of sound laws Brugmann's Bartholomae's Fortunatov's Grassmann's Osthoff's Pinault's Siebs's Sievers's (Edgerton's converse) Stang's Szemerényi's Weise's
Morphology	Ablaut Caland system h₂e-conjugation Narten present Nasal infix Root Thematic vowel Vṛddhi
Parts of speech	Nominals (nouns and adjectives) Numerals Particles Pronouns Verbs copula Vocabulary
Main sources	Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (IEW) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben (LIV) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme (LIPP) Nomina im Indogermanischen Lexikon (NIL) Indo-European Etymological Dictionary (IEED)
Artificial compositions	Schleicher's fable The king and the god
Theories	Kurgan hypothesis Schleicher theories Anatolian hypothesis Armenian hypothesis Outdated theories: Beech argument North European hypothesis
Society	Proto-Indo-European mythology Proto-Indo-European society Indo-European migrations Proto-Indo-European homeland Salmon problem
See also	Indo-European studies Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture (EIE)

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