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Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

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(Redirected from Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR) Entity within the Russian SFSR

Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist RepublicКабардино-Балкарская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика (Russian)
Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Автоном Совет Социал Республикэ (Kabardian)
Къабарты-Малкъар Автоном Совет Социалист Республика (Karachay-Balkar)
ASSR of the Russian SFSR
1936–1991
Flag of Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR Flag Emblem of Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR Emblem

Location of Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR within Russian SFSR
CapitalNalchik
 • TypeAutonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
History 
• Established 1936
• Kabardin ASSR 1944
• Name restored 1957
• Disestablished 1991
Preceded by Succeeded by
Kabardino-Balkarian AO
Kabardino-Balkaria

The Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was an autonomous republic of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic within the Soviet Union, and was originally a part of the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. On 16 January 1922 the region was detached from the Mountain ASSR and the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Oblast on 1 September 1921. It became an autonomous republic on 5 December 1936. On 30 January 1991, the Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR declared state sovereignty. It is now the Kabardino-Balkaria republic, a federal subject of the Russian Federation. The Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR bordered no other sovereign states during the existence of the Soviet Union.

Like the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, the Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR was shared by two nationalities. Both autonomous republics resided as part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and featured Russians as the ethnic majority.

History

The Russian, Ottoman and Persian Empires fought for the region between the 17th and 19th centuries, during which the region was under Russian control. After the October Revolution, the region joined the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1921, during the Russian Civil War. The territories were detached from the Mountain ASSR to the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Oblast in 1922, and on 5 December 1936 it was transformed into the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

Map for the partition of Balkaria and Karachay
Partition of Balkars and Karachay lands under Stalin

In 1944, Joseph Stalin accused the Balkars of cooperating with Nazi Germany, men of military age suspected of being collaborators were deported to internment camps in Central Asia. Balkar lands were incorporated into Kabardin ASSR except for Baksan valley which was ceded to the Georgian SSR. After the end of war, most of those interned were allowed to return, except those who actually were involved in anti-Soviet conspiracies. In 1957, the original name of Balkar-Kabardin ASSR was restored.

Geography

The Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was located in the North Caucasus mountains. It covered an area of 12,500 km (4,800 sq mi).

Rivers

The main rivers include the Terek River (623 km), Malka River (216 km), Baksan River (173 km), Urukh River (104 km), and Cherek River (76 km).

Lakes

An area of 18,740 km (7,240 sq mi) is covered solely by river basins. More than 100 lakes are located in the borders, although none of them has very large surface area. Most of the lakes are located in the mountains, formed by glacial processes. Lakes located on a plain include Tambukan Lake.

Mountains

Mount Elbrus (5,642 m) is volcanic and the highest peak in the Caucasus.

Other major mountains include Mount Dykhtau (5,402 m), Mount Koshkhatau (5,151 m), and Mount Shkhara (5,068 m).

Resources

Along with timber, the mining of minerals such as iron, molybdenum, gold, coal, tungsten, and lead were a main industry in the Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR. The region also has a great abundance of mineral water.

See also

References

  1. "Russian S.F.S.R. Autonomous Republics". Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  2. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Soviet Union: A Country Study. Federal Research Division.
  3. ^ "Kabardino-Balkaria profile". BBC Online. 19 January 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
  4. ^ "Kommersant - Russia's Daily Online". Kommersant Publishing House. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
  5. ^ "An article from The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia". Columbia University Press. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union
By name
By years
of existence
   

1918–24  Turkestan
1918–41  Volga German
1919–90  Bashkir
1920–25  Kirghiz
1920–90  Tatar
1921–91  Adjarian
1921–45  Crimean
1921–91  Dagestan
1921–24  Mountain

1921–90  Nakhichevan
1922–91  Yakut
1923–90  Buryat
1923–40  Karelian
1924–40  Moldavian
1924–29  Tajik
1925–92  Chuvash
1925–36  Kazakh
1926–36  Kirghiz

1931–92  Abkhaz
1932–92  Karakalpak
1934–90  Mordovian
1934–90  Udmurt
1935–43  Kalmyk
1936–44  Checheno-Ingush
1936–44  Kabardino-Balkarian
1936–90  Komi
1936–90  Mari

1936–90  North Ossetian
1944–57  Kabardin
1956–91  Karelian
1957–92  Checheno-Ingush
1957–91  Kabardino-Balkarian
1958–90  Kalmyk
1961–92  Tuvan
1990–91  Gorno-Altai
1991–92  Crimean

  • Buryat–Mongol until 1958.
  • Kazakh ASSR was called Kirghiz ASSR until 1925
  • Autonomous Republic since 1920
  • Autonomous Republic since 1923
  • Autonomous Republic since 1925
  • Autonomous Republic since 1934

43°35′N 43°24′E / 43.583°N 43.400°E / 43.583; 43.400

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