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Kabardians

Къэбэрдэй Адыгэ
Flag of Kabardia
Circassian Flag
Total population
~1,628,500 Kabardian dialect speakers
Regions with significant populations
Turkey	More than 1,000,000
Russia	523,404 (2021 census)
Kabardino-Balkaria	502,615
Karachay-Cherkessia	13,496
Languages
Kabardian, Russian, Turkish
Religion
Predominantly Sunni Islam Minority Eastern Orthodox Church and Catholic Church
Related ethnic groups
Other Adyghe tribes, Abkhaz, Abaza

Part of a series on the
Circassians Адыгэхэр
Circassia Adyghe Xabze Circassians List of notable Circassians Circassian genocide
Circassian diaspora
Turkey Jordan Israel Syria Germany United States Saudi Arabia Libya Iraq Iran Egypt Bulgaria (historical) Kosovo (historical) Romania (historical)
Circassian tribes
Surviving Abzakhs Besleney Bzhedug Chemirgoy Hatuqway Kabardian Natukhaj Shapsug Ubykh Destroyed or barely existing Ademey Chebsin Cherchenay Guaye Hakuchey Khatuq Khegayk Makhosh Mamkhegh Yegeruqway Zhaney
Religion
Religion in Circassia Islam Christianity Circassian paganism
Languages and dialects
West Circassian (Adyghe) East Circassian (Kabardian)
History
Show Ancient Maykop culture Maeotians Zygii Medieval Mongol invasion of Circassia Zichia Inal the Great Modern Circassia Circassian slave trade Russo-Circassian War Circassian Revolution Circassian Majlis Circassian genocide Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus Circassian Union and Mutual Aid Society Contemporary Republic of Adygea Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia Shapsugsky National District (until 1945) Key battles Battle of Kanzhal Battle of Qbaada
Culture
Adyghe Xabze Circassian nationalism Circassian flag Circassian beauty Circassian music Circassian cuisine Circassian mythology Circassian Day of Mourning
v t e

The Kabardians (Kabardian: Къэбэрдей адыгэхэр; Adyghe: Къэбэртай адыгэхэр; Russian: Кабарди́нцы) or Kabardinians are one of the twelve major Circassian tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Circassian flag. They are also commonly known by the plural terms Kabardin, Kebertei, or Kabarday. Along with the Besleney tribe, they speak a distinctive dialect of Circassian. Historically the Kabardians lived in Kabardia, a region of the north Caucasus. In modern times the Kabardians live mostly in the Russian republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, which partly corresponds to the historic region.

Despite the Soviet administrative divisions that placed Circassians under four different designations and political units, namely Adygeans (Circassians in Adygea), Cherkessians (Circassians in Karachay-Cherkessia), Kabardians (Circassians in Kabardino-Balkaria), and Shapsugs (Circassians in Krasnodar Krai), all four groups are essentially the same people (Circassians). Furthermore, Cherkessians are mostly of the Kabardian and Besleney tribes.

Population

Kabardians are the largest Circassian group in the world in general and form the largest group in Russia, Turkey, Egypt, and other countries. As of 2002 Kabardians numbered around 520,000 in Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia. and about 50,000 in Karachay-Cherkessia in Russia. In Turkey, where more than 1 million live, they are concentrated on the Uzunyayla plateau of Kayseri Province and around central Turkey. However, there are Kabardian villages in Balıkesir, Düzce, Eskişehir in northwest Turkey, Çorum, Samsun, and Tokat in the Black Sea region, amongst many others. Significant populations of Kabardians also live in Jordan, and there are communities in the United States. In Israel and Jordan, respectively, Shapsugs and Abzakhs are the largest groups.

Religion

Religions historically practiced by Kabardians include the native Adyghe Xabze faith, Christianity and Islam. The majority of Kabardians had converted to Islam by the early 19th century. There are also still some adherents to traditional Xabze beliefs, with 1,8% being practiced in Kabardino-Balkaria, although most Kabardians are either Non-denominational or Sunni Muslims of the Hanafi school

Kabardians also constituted one of the earliest Christian communities in Europe, converting in the late 2nd and early 3rd Centuries. Kabardians living in Mozdoksky District in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania are Orthodox Christians. Some of the Kabardians living in the southern part of the neighbouring Kursky district of Stavropol Krai are also Orthodox Christians. There are also some Roman Catholic Kabardians (possibly descended from families who reportedly converted from Orthodoxy during the 13th century). According to the 2012 survey census, of the 240,000 Catholics who lived in Russia, 1.8% were Kabardians.

Notable Kabardians

• Adil-Giray Atazhukin
• Aleguko Shogenukov
• Alexander A. Cherkassky
• Alexey Cherkassky – Chancellor of the Russian Empire during the reign of Empress Elizabeth
• Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky – Prince of Kabarda
• Alexander N. Bekovich-Cherkassky
• Amirkhan Shomakhov
• Atazhuko Atazhukin
• Armande Kumpal Kabartay Altaï-Magini
• Aslanbek Khushtov – Member of the Parliament of Kabardino-Balkarian Republic and athlete who has won a gold medal in the 2008 Summer Olympics
• Avenir Tchemerzine – Colonel of the Russian imperial army and mathematician before becoming a bibliographer
• Bidar Kadın – Imperial consort of Abdul Hamid II of the Ottoman Empire
• Boris Cherkassky
• Dmitry Cherkassky
• Doamna Ecaterina Cercheza – Princess consort of the Voivode of Moldavia as the wife of Vasile Lupu
• Elmirza Bekovich-Cherkassky
• Fyodor A. Bekovich-Cherkasski
• Fyodor N. Bekovich-Cherkasski
• Grigory Cherkassky
• Idar of Kabardia
• Inal the Great – Prince of Kabarda
• Ismail Bey Atazhukin
• Ivan Amashuk
• Ivan B. Cherkassky – Cousin of Michael I of Russia
• Ivan E. Cherkassky
• Jacop Cherkassky
• Kasbulat Cherkassky
• Kasei Atazhukin
• Kambulat Cherkassky
• Kelemet Cherkassky
• Kudenet Cherkassky
• Kurgoko Atazhukin
• Ladislas du Luart, Comtesse Leïla Hagondokoff – Recipient of the National Order of Merit and National Order of the Legion of Honor (Commander), model for the French high-fashion house Chanel
• Ludmilla Monique Tchérina
• Mahidevran – Imperial consort of Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire
• Mamstryuk Cherkassky
• Maria Temryukovna – Tsaritsa of the Tsardom of Russia as the wife of Ivan the Terrible
• Michael A. Cherkassky I
• Michael A. Cherkassky II
• Michael T. Cherkassky
• Michael Y. Cherkassky
• Mutsal Cherkassky
• Nikita Egupov-Cherkassky
• Peter Amashukov-Cherkassky
• Peter B. Cherkassky
• Roslanbek Atazhukin
• Rusudan of Circassia – Queen consort of Georgia (Kartli) as the wife of Vakhtang the Lawgiver
• Servetseza Kadın – First wife of Abdulmejid I of the Ottoman Empire
• Sholokh Cherkassky
• Simon Cherkassky
• Sunchalei Cherkassky
• Temryuk – Prince of Kabarda
• Vasily Amashukov-Cherkassky
• Vasily Kardanukovich Cherkassky
• Vladimir Cherkassky – Mayor of Moscow (1868–1870)
• Yefim Bekovich-Cherkassky
• Yuri Temirkanov – Music Director and Chief Conductor of the Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra since 1988
• Zaur Tutov
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See also

• Kabardia
• Other Circassian tribes:
• Abzakh
• Besleney
• Bzhedug
• Hatuqwai
• Mamkhegh
• Natukhai
• Shapsug
• Temirgoy
• Ubykh
• Yegeruqwai
• Zhaney

References

1. "Kabardian: A Language of the Russian Federation". Etnologue.com. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 2005. Archived from the original on 26 January 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
2. Skutsch, Carl (2013). Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities. Routledge. p. 675. ISBN 978-1-135-19388-1.
3. ^ "'Biz' Erozyona Uğratıldı". Jineps. March 2012. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
4. "Национальный состав населения". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
5. Svetlana Lyagusheva (2005). "Islam and the Traditional Moral Code of Adyghes". Iran and the Caucasus. 9 (1): 29–35. doi:10.1163/1573384054068123. JSTOR 4030903.
6. James Stuart Olson, ed. (1994). An Ethnohistorical dictionary of the Russian and Soviet empires. Greenwood. p. 329. ISBN 978-0-313-27497-8. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
7. ^ James Stuart Olson, ed. (1994). An Ethnohistorical dictionary of the Russian and Soviet empires. Greenwood. p. 329. ISBN 978-0-313-27497-8. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
8. ^ Arena – Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia. Sreda.org
9. ^ 2012 Survey Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 24-09-2012.
10. "Circassians". Adiga-home.net. 2010. Archived from the original on 20 August 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2016. The 12 Circassian tribes: Abadzeh Besleney Bzhedug Yegeruqay Zhaney Kabarday Mamheg Natuhay Temirgoy Ubyh Shapsug Hatukay. The twelve stars on the Adyghe Flag also refers to the twelve tribes.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
11. "Population". Perepis2002.ru. Archived from the original on 20 January 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
12. "Kabard distribution". Ethnologue.com. Archived from the original on 12 August 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
13. "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
14. 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.
15. Jamie Stokes, ed. (2009). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East: L to Z. Facts on File. p. 359. ISBN 978-0-8160-7158-6. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
16. Bushkovitch, Paul (1 January 2004). "Princes Cherkasskii or Circassian Murzas". Cahiers du Monde Russe. 45 (45/1–2): 9–30. doi:10.4000/monderusse.2600. ISSN 1252-6576.
17. français, Sénat. "Anciens sénateurs Vème République : du LUART Ladislas". senat.fr. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
18. "Mme de Sairigné reçoit le prix littéraire de l'armée de Terre-Erwan Bergot 2011". defense.gouv.fr. Archived from the original on 23 October 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
19. "Bilder von Horst". voltigeur.net. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
20. d'Encausse, Hélène Carrère (10 February 2011). "Comtesse du Luart, princesse courage". Le Figaro (in French). ISSN 0182-5852. Archived from the original on 23 October 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
21. "Les milles vies de la comtesse du Luart". Nonfiction.fr. Archived from the original on 23 October 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
22. "L'article est en cours de traduction". Русский очевидец|L’Observateur Russe (in French). Archived from the original on 20 May 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2016.

v t e Ethnic groups in the Caucasus
Caucasian (areal)	Kartvelian Georgians Adjarians Dvals Gurians Imerkhevians Ingiloys Javakhians Kakhetians Meskhetians Colchians/Zans Lazs Mingrelians Svans Northeast (Caspian) Avar–Andic Andis Akhvakhs Avars Bagvalals Botlikhs Chamalals Godoberis Karatas Tindis Lezgic Aguls Archin Budukhs Jeks Kryts Lezgins Rutuls Tabasarans Tsakhurs Udis Nakh Bats Chechens Kists Aukhs Ingush Tsezic (Didoic) Bezhtas Hinukhs Hunzibs Khwarshis Tsez Others Dargins (Kaitags) Khinalugs Laks Northwest (Pontic) Abazins Abkhazians Sadz Circassians Abzakhs Adygeans Besleneys Bzhedugs Chemirgoys Cherkess Kabardians Natukhajs Shapsugs Ubykhs
Indo- European	Armenian Armenians Armeno-Tats Cherkesogai Zoks Lom Hellenic Caucasus Greeks Urums Pontic Greeks Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Loms Roma Iranian Ossetians Digors Irons Kudar Trialeti Ossetians Talysh Tats Yazidis Slavic Poles in Armenia in Azerbaijan Russians Cossacks Doukhobors Molokans Ukrainians Others Germans
Turkic	Kipchaks Balkars Karachays Kumyks Nogais Oghuz Turks Azerbaijanis Ayrums Karadaghis Shahsevan Bayats Karapapakhs Küresünni Meskhetian Turks
Others	Assyrians in Armenia in Georgia Jews Abkhaz Jews Armenian Jews Azerbaijani Jews Georgian Jews Mountain Jews Kalmyks
Ethnic minorities in Armenia Ethnic minorities in Azerbaijan Ethnic minorities in Georgia Ethnic minorities in Russia

v t e Demographics of Turkey
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Census in Turkey	1927 1935 1965 1990 2000 2010 2020
Lists	Provinces by population Cities and towns by population Provinces by life expectancy

• Circassian tribes
• Ethnic groups in Russia
• History of Kuban
• Kabardino-Balkaria
• Karachay-Cherkessia
• Muslim communities of Russia
• Adygea
• Circassians in Turkey
• Ethnic groups in Jordan