River in Wellington, New Zealand
| Kaiwharawhara Stream | |
|---|---|
 The Kaiwharawhara Stream flowing through Otari-Wilton's Bush | |
| Etymology | Maori meaning "food of the fruit of the Astelia" |
| Native name | Kaiwharawhara (Māori) |
| Location | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Region | Wellington |
| City | Wellington |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Zealandia (wildlife sanctuary) |
| • elevation | 260 m (850 ft) |
| Mouth | Wellington Harbour |
| • coordinates | 41°15′42″S 174°47′28″E / 41.261775°S 174.791037°E / -41.261775; 174.791037 |
| • elevation | Sea level |
| Length | 10 km (6.2 mi) |
| Basin size | 19 km (7.3 sq mi) |
The Kaiwharawhara Stream is a stream in the North Island of New Zealand – it flows through the northwestern part of New Zealand's capital, Wellington. Its headwaters lie within the suburb of Karori, and it passes through other suburbs and Otari-Wilton's Bush before reaching the western shore of Wellington Harbour in Kaiwharawhara near the terminal of the Interislander ferry. Part of its length runs roughly alongside the Johnsonville Branch railway, a branch line that once formed part of the North Island Main Trunk Railway – the latter now passes over the stream near its mouth.
Its main tributary is the Korimako Stream (which flows from Khandallah and Ngaio), though it is also fed by other tributaries, and its catchment covers roughly 19 square kilometres (7.3 sq mi). Much of this area consists of parkland and other reserves, though the water suffers from pollution in the form of stormwater and runoff associated with urban land-use.
The Kaiwharawhara name is from kai, the Māori word for food, and wharawhara, the edible fruit of Astelia Banksii. It is piped along six sections, the main length being 846 m (2,776 ft), under the former landfill at Ian Galloway Park, from Zealandia (wildlife sanctuary) to Otari-Wilton's Bush. Near its mouth at Kaiwharawhara, a 107 m (351 ft) tunnel was built as an air-raid shelter in 1944 and the stream was diverted through it after the war, to improve flood protection and allow for additional oil storage tanks.
Wildlife
Fish in the stream include shortfinned eel, longfin eel (ōrea), giant kōkopu, kōaro, banded kōkopu, īnanga, shortjaw kōkopu, common bully (toitoi), giant bully (tītarakura), bluegill bully, redfin bully, goldfish, koi carp, perch and brown trout.
About 20% of the catchment is predominantly in native vegetation, which includes karaka, parviflora var. arborea (koromiko-taranga), makomako, melicytus ramiflorus (mahoe), phormium tenax (harakeke) plagianthus regius (manatu), pohutukawa, pteridium esculentum (aruhe), rangiora, taupata, toetoe and veronica.
Weeds in the valley include paraserianthes lophantha (brush wattle), cytisus scoparius (broom), fennel, gorse, pampas grass, rapeseed, tradescantia fluminensis and tree lupin.
Pollution
As noted above, the stream passes through a disused landfill and has other pollution sources. The stream mouth has lead and zinc pollution. It is in the worst 25% of all sites across the country for E. coli and very likely degrading. A 5-year median for clarity is 3.34 m (11.0 ft) and likely improving. Similarly turbidity 5-year median is 1.26 NTU and improving, as is Total Nitrogen with a 5-year median of 1.2 mg/L. The 5-year median of Total Oxidised Nitrogen is 1 mg/L. Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen has a 5-year median of 1.01 mg/L, Ammoniacal Nitrogen, 0.006 mg/L, Nitrate Nitrogen, 1 mg/L, Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus, 0.0355 mg/L, Total Phosphorus, 0.048 mg/L, MCI, 96.6, QMCI 1.76, ASPM, 2.130, Taxonomic richness, 26, EPT richness 31%.
Walking tracks
Several tracks pass through the valley, including Te Araroa long distance trail, which uses the Northern Walkway from Cummings Park via the Korimako valley and then a short length beside the Kaiwharawhara to Wadestown. The Sanctuary to Sea walkway uses most of the valley.
References
- Greater Wellington Regional Council – Kaiwharawhara Catchment Archived 2006-10-01 at the Wayback Machine
- "Place name detail: 2365". New Zealand Gazetteer. New Zealand Geographic Board. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
- ^ "Kaiwharawhara Stream & Estuary" (PDF). Trelissick Park Group. October 2011.
- "FRESHWATER HISTORIC HERITAGE OF THE WELLINGTON REGION Diversion Tunnel Kaiwharawhara Stream 1944" (PDF). 30 June 2012.
- ^ "Kaiwharawhara Stream & Estuary" (PDF). Trelissick Park Group. October 2011.
- "Kaiwharawhara Stream at Ngaio Gorge River Quality". Land, Air, Water Aotearoa. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
- "Walking Tracks | Ngaio Crofton Downs Residents Association". Retrieved 26 December 2023.
- "Sanctuary to Sea". Wellington City Council. 4 May 2023. Retrieved 26 December 2023.