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Kalem (magazine)

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Defunct weekly satirical magazine in Ottoman Empire (1908–1911)

Kalem
Cover page of Kalem, issue 23 dated 4 February 1909
EditorLucien Sciuto
Categories
  • Satirical magazine
  • Political magazine
FrequencyWeekly
Founder
Founded1908
First issueSeptember 1908
Final issueJune 1911
CountryOttoman Empire
Based inIstanbul
Language
  • Ottoman Turkish
  • French

Kalem (Ottoman Turkish: Pen) was a bilingual weekly political satire magazine which was in circulation in the period 1908–1911 in Istanbul, Ottoman Empire. The magazine was one of the satirical publications which were started immediately after the end of Ottoman Sultan Abdulhamid's strict rule. It was published in Turkish and French languages and was one of the most notable satirical magazines in the Empire in terms of the quality cartoons. In addition, it is the first Ottoman publication which employed the word cartoon and attempted to develop a definition for it.

History and profile

Kalem was established in Istanbul in 1908 as a bilingual satirical magazine covering both Turkish and French materials, and its first issue appeared in September that year. Its founders were Salah Cimcoz and Celal Esat Arseven. Lucien Sciuto, a Salonican Jewish journalist, was the editor of the magazine which employed large number of cartoonists who produced rich cartoon styles. The magazine introduced the concept of modern cartoons in terms of lines and captions used. Because before Kalem cartoon was considered to be just painting by the journalists in the Ottoman Empire.

One of the major contributors was Cemil Cem who started his journalistic career in Kalem which targeted educated Ottomans. Another contributor was Refik Halit Karay. There were also international contributors of Kalem one of whom was Henri Yan, a French journalist. In October 1908 the magazine reported its circulation as 13,000 copies. In the same date Kalem published a caricature of German Emperor Wilhelm II who was featured as a two-faced man deceiving the Ottoman Empire. Due to this caricature the issue of the magazine was confiscated and the owner, Salah Cimcoz, was arrested for a short time upon the request of the German embassy in Istanbul. Kalem folded in June 1911.

In 2019 the University of Texas at Austin organized an exhibition on Kalem magazine and the political cartoons published in the magazine. The print editions of the magazine are archived at the University.

References

  1. "Catalogue record". Qalem. Hathi Trust: 130 v. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ Aslı Tunç (2002). "Pushing the Limits of Tolerance: Functions of Political Cartoonists in the Democratization Process: The Case of Turkey". International Communication Gazette. 64 (1): 53. doi:10.1177/17480485020640010301. S2CID 145098046.
  3. Efrat E. Aviv (2013). "Cartoons in Turkey – From Abdülhamid to Erdoğan". Middle Eastern Studies. 49 (2): 224. doi:10.1080/00263206.2012.759101. S2CID 146388882.
  4. ^ Gamze Bora Yılmaz (2011). To reintroduce the missing sound: Nationalism in Turkish political cartoons (MA thesis). Istanbul Bilgi University. p. 47. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1001.9537.
  5. ^ Palmira Brummett (November 1995). "Dogs, Women, Cholera, and Other Menaces in the Streets: Cartoon Satire in the Ottoman Revolutionary Press, 1908–11". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 27 (4): 437. doi:10.1017/S0020743800062498. S2CID 161221142.
  6. M. Halil Sağlam (2022). "Türk Basın Tarihinde Kaynaklar Dergisi". Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi (in Turkish) (13): 220. doi:10.46250/kulturder.1100133.
  7. ^ Syed Tanvir Wasti (2019). "Refik Halid Karay and his memoirs of exile". Middle Eastern Studies. 55 (3): 451, 460. doi:10.1080/00263206.2018.1520102. S2CID 149756420.
  8. Figen Taşkın (2004). "Book review". Yakın Dönem Türkiye Araştırmaları (6): 162.
  9. Juliette Rosenthal (2019). From Constantinople to Cairo: A Zionist Newspaper Across National Boundaries (Undergraduate thesis). Skidmore College. p. 28.
  10. "Drawing Ire: Illustrated Ottoman Satirical Magazines". British Library. 3 May 2020. Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  11. Gary Leiser (Summer 2005). "The Dawn of Aviation in the Middle East: The First Flying Machines over Istanbul". Air Power History. 52 (2): 39. JSTOR 26274636.
  12. ^ Erol Baykal (2013). The Ottoman Press, 1908-1923 (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. p. 50. doi:10.17863/CAM.15925.
  13. ^ Dale Correa (2019). "Satire After the Young Turk Revolution: Cartoons from Kalem Magazine, 1908". University of Texas at Austin Libraries. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2021.

External links

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