Misplaced Pages

Karl Storz Endoskope

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
(Redirected from Karl Storz GmbH) German medical device company
Karl Storz SE & Co. KG
Company typePrivate
IndustryMedical technology
Founded1945
HeadquartersTuttlingen, Germany
Key peopleKarl-Christian Storz
Revenue€2.06 billion (2022)
Number of employees9,400 (2024)
Websitewww.karlstorz.com
Karl Storz headquarters in Tuttlingen

Karl Storz SE & Co. KG is an internationally operating family-owned company headquartered in Tuttlingen, Baden-Württemberg. The company was founded in 1945 and specialises in the production and distribution of medical instruments and devices. It is recognised as a global leader in human medical instruments in the field of minimally invasive surgery and rigid endoscopes used for examining body cavities.

After the death of founder Karl Storz in 1996, his daughter, Sybill Storz, took over the company’s management. At the beginning of 2019, leadership transitioned to her son, Karl-Christian Storz.

History

Foundation and beginnings

Karl Storz, a surgical mechanic, founded his company in 1945 in Tuttlingen, initially focusing on the production of instruments and lamps for ear, nose, and throat medicine. In the early 1950s, Karl Storz developed and produced the first endoscopes with a traditional lens system, marking the company's entry into endoscopy. In 1956, he also invented the first extracorporeal electronic flash system for endoscopic photography, which used quartz rods to direct light into the body, significantly improving the quality of endoscopic images. Additionally, in the 1950s, the Clar 55 headlamp, featuring a concave reflector and a tungsten filament bulb, was introduced to the market.

Further product launches and expansion

In 1960, the company founder Karl Storz invented the cold light source, a light source positioned outside the endoscope and the body, providing higher light intensity than the previously used light bulbs. Together with Harold Hopkins, he developed the rod-lens system for endoscopic image transmission, which was launched in 1965. The advantage of the Hopkins system lies in brighter images, improved image quality (sharpness), a wider field of view, higher objective resolution, better contrast, and enhanced colour reproduction. It also allows for stereoscopic representation. Walter Messerklinger, an Austrian ear, nose, and throat doctor, was one of the first users of the Storz-Hopkins endoscope. He recognised the need for angled scopes, as the direct frontal view of the endoscope was insufficient to see the fissures of the various nasal passages clearly. At his request, Karl Storz developed a range of angled optics, improving the examination of the nose and sinuses. From 1967 onwards, the telescope system was also used in urology for cystoscopies. A miniature flash bulb, positioned near the eyepiece of the telescope, has since provided a well-lit and colour-corrected view of the bladder interior.

In 1969, Karl Storz, together with Harold H. Hopkins, introduced the first arthroscope with a rod-lens system.

In 1970, the company introduced an ultrasonic lithotripter, which could gently disintegrate stones in the urinary tract. A 1971 study showed that the electro hydraulic lithotripsy procedure at the University Urology Clinic in Mainz resulted in the disintegration of uric acid stones in seven patients within 15 to 35 minutes.

As the company grew, its first subsidiary, Karl Storz Endoscopy-America, Inc., was established in the United States of America in 1971. In the mid-1970s, Harold R. Eikelaar, in collaboration with Karl Storz, developed the first arthroscope with a viewing angle of 30°. A significant milestone came in 1987 with the first laparoscopic removal of a gallbladder, marking the advent of minimally invasive surgery. Karl Storz's instruments played a key role in promoting the surgical technique, contributing to the development of the field and expansion of the company. Karl Storz Endoscopy Canada Ltd. was established in December 1995 to offer Canadian customers even more direct support.

After the death of Karl Storz in 1996, his daughter, Sybill, assumed leadership of the company. Under her guidance, the company registered over 100 new patents and achieved annual sales growth rates of 15 to 20 percent.

In 1998, the OR1 networked operating theatre was introduced, and the following year a logistics and training centre was opened in Tuttlingen. In 2000, the company launched the first mobile documentation system for endoscopic use. A year later, the company launched the C-MAC video laryngoscope, followed by a flexible extension in 2003. In 2007, the company launched the C-Mac, a video laryngoscope for emergency medicine.

In the years after 2000, Sybill Storz received a number of awards for her entrepreneurial achievements and her social commitment. In 2007, Karl Storz launched a medical full-HD camera named Image1, which enabled precise visualisation of tissue and vascular structures.

In 2010, the company introduced an extracorporeal visualisation system with a high-definition camera for minimally invasive open surgery.

In February 2011, Karl Storz opened a 1,400-square-metre visitor centre in Tuttlingen, where products from various human medical disciplines, the OR1 operating room, and the Office1 connected treatment room were showcased. In 2013, the company opened a new logistics centre in Neuhausen ob Eck for 300 employees. Additionally, a visitor and training centre was inaugurated at the newly established branch in Berlin, located in the former Kaiserin Augusta Hospital. That same year, the company presented a new camera technology with endoscopic imaging for the full-HD camera Image1 at Medica.

In 2017, it was the subject of several lawsuits concerning deaths following use of morcellators that it sold; in 2014 the FDA had advised that these devices should be withdrawn from the market due to the risk of spreading cancer and while Ethicon, the market leader, had withdrawn their devices, Karl Storz had not. In 2017, it changed its corporate form from GmbH to Societas Europaea.

In 2019, Karl-Christian Storz took over the management of the operational business and his mother Sybill Storz became head of the supervisory board.

New developments

In 2020, the company, in collaboration with the software firm T1V, developed the application CollaboratOR, which allows all data and digital applications to be displayed on a large screen in the operating room. Also in 2020, Karl Storz launched the technology known as Image1 S Rubina, which is used for intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) near-infrared fluorescence, for example, during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

A year later, the company embarked on an extensive construction project to expand the logistics centre at the Neuhausen ob Eck site. Karl Storz is investing a three-figure million sum to build two new production halls, as well as additional offices and parking spaces. According to Karl Storz, this is the largest construction project in the company's history.

In February 2023, the subsidiary Karl Storz VentureOne was founded, with headquarters in Singapore and another location in Munich, focusing on robotic surgery. In the same month, the Irish medical technology company AventaMed was acquired. In July 2023, Karl Storz opened the Mach-Mit-Museum Tutorama (Interactive Museum) in Tuttlingen, covering 800 square metres, which is now operated by the Karl Storz Foundation, established in October 2023. The museum aims to introduce children to science and technology and increase the attractiveness of careers in this field.

In January 2024, Karl Storz announced the acquisition of London-based software manufacturer Innersight Labs Ltd. (ISL). In March of the same year, the augmented reality version of the CollaboratOR application, originally developed in 2020 with T1V, was unveiled for the Apple Vision Pro, capable of displaying 3D content for operations outside the operating room.

In August 2024, the company acquired the robotics firm Asensus Surgical, based in Raleigh, North Carolina, to further expand its robotic surgery division, particularly through the use of Performance-Guided Surgery.

Company structure

In addition to the headquarters in Tuttlingen, the family-owned company Karl Storz is represented in over 40 countries and operates more than 70 subsidiaries. In Germany, the company manufactures not only in Tuttlingen but also in Stutensee near Karlsruhe. Other production sites are located in Tallinn (Estonia), Schaffhausen and Widnau (Switzerland), as well as in Charlton and Goleta (United States).

The company employs 9,400 people worldwide, around 3,400 of whom work in the Tuttlingen region. In 2023, Karl Storz employed 175 apprentices and dual students. The company's total revenue for the 2022 financial year amounted to €2.06 billion.

Products

The company offers around 13,000 different products for human medicine as well as veterinary medicine (since 1989). In addition to flexible and rigid endoscopes, Karl Storz supplies software for various medical fields, accessories such as light sources, light cables, and cameras, as well as the so-called integrated operating room, OR1. Due to the wide range of applications for endoscopy, the company's equipment is now used in nearly all medical disciplines.

Karl Storz designs ENT examination rooms equipped with standardised medical equipment. In 2023, 50 of these examination rooms were installed in hospitals of the Bundeswehr. Additionally, the company sets up connected and integrated operating theatres in hospitals worldwide, such as in the Surgical University Hospital of Heidelberg, the Evangelisches Waldkrankenhaus Spandau (Evangelical Forest Hospital in Berlin-Spandau), and the Hospital Alemán in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Social engagement

In addition to supporting local sporting events, Karl Storz serves as the main sponsor of the Schwenninger DEL team, the Wild Wings.

Since late 2004, Karl Storz has been a member of the UN Global Compact initiative, through which the company commits to responsible international corporate governance and aims to improve global access to basic medical care. For example, in October 2022, the company donated medical equipment to the Ukraine aid initiative of the city of Tuttlingen, and another donation was made in September 2023 to the Phoenix Initiative, a non-profit organisation against the sexual abuse of girls and boys.

The company sponsors the Karl Storz Telemedicine Award, worth €5,000, presented by the German Society for Telemedicine, and is involved in the cross-industry network School-Business. Since 2023, the company has organised the Schools Day together with the Wild Wings, offering students from Year 7 upwards a glimpse into various training careers at Karl Storz in the ice hockey team's stadium. Furthermore, Karl Storz is a partner in a molecular imaging technology initiative supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research.

The company also supports the Karl Storz Foundation, established in October 2023 by Sybill and Karl-Christian Storz, which aims to support social and medical projects and is committed to nature and environmental protection.

Awards (selection)

  • 2011: Endoscopy Company of the Year for the Asia-Pacific region, awarded by management consultants Frost & Sullivan
  • 2013: Patient Safety Award for the development of a fluorescence endoscopic contact probe for more precise interventions in neurosurgery by the German Society for Biomedical Engineering (DGBMT) and the Patient Safety Action Alliance (APS)
  • 2014: First place as the most innovative medium-sized company in Germany, awarded by Wirtschaftswoche
  • 2014: Innovation of the Year for Image 1 Spies Visualisation Enhancement Tools system, awarded by the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons
  • 2017: Innovation award for the C-Mac Pocket Monitor video laryngoscope, awarded by Wirtschaftswoche
  • 2019: Red Dot Design Award for HyDome duodenoscopy system
  • 2023: 115th place in the overall ranking and 17th place in the pharmaceuticals and medical technology sub-category of the 650 top employers nationwide published by Der Stern magazine

Literature

  • Burkhard Riering: Karl Storz – Der Visionär. In: Schwäbische Pioniere. Von der Werkstatt zum Weltunternehmen. Biberacher Verlagsdruckerei, Biberach 2012, ISBN 978-3-943391-16-9, p. 18–27.

Film

  • Reise in den Körper – Medizintechnik von Storz in Tuttlingen. Documentary, Germany, 2016, 29:48 min., written and directed by Tamara Spitzing, production: SWR, series: Made in Südwest, first broadcast: 6 April 2016 on SWR.

References

  1. ^ "Karl Storz SE & Co. KG, Konzernabschluss zum Geschäftsjahr vom 1.1.2022 bis zum 31.12 2022 ". Unternehmensregister. 20 December 2023
  2. ^ "Our Company". Karl Storz (in German). Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  3. Nezhat, Camran (2005). "Chapter 19. 1960's". Nezhat's History of Endoscopy. Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons. Archived from the original on 2018-07-27. Retrieved 2017-10-22.
  4. ^ Berci, G; Cuschieri, A (1996). "Karl Storz, 1911-1996. A remembrance". Surgical Endoscopy. 10 (12): 1123. doi:10.1007/s004649900261. PMID 8939825. S2CID 43551017.
  5. "KARL STORZ Introduces New 3D Surgical Imaging System and Modular Camera Platform at Arab Health 2020". Hospimedica.com. 2020-01-30. Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  6. "Karl Storz Endoskope" [Karl Storz Endoscopes]. St. Galler Tagblatt (in German). 2011-12-14. Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  7. ^ Vornholt, Holger (2023). Tuttlingen im Wandel der Zeit (in German) (1st ed.). Olching: WIKOMmedia Verlag. p. 78. ISBN 978-3-949986-94-9.
  8. ^ "Storz, Karl – Deutsche Biographie". Deutsche Biographie (in German). Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  9. "Karl Storz baut Firmen- und Mitmachmuseum". Schwäbische Zeitung (in German). 2019-07-23.
  10. ^ "Karl Storz: Der Weg zur modernen Endoskopie". Schwäbische Zeitung (in German). 2012-05-26.
  11. ^ Ahmed, Omar H. (2017). "Evolution in Visualization for Sinus and Skull Base. Surgery: From Headlight to Endoscope". Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 50 (3): 509. doi:10.1016/j.otc.2017.01.003. PMID 28389019.
  12. "Vom Schwertschlucker zum Hightech-Endoskop". Management & Krankenhaus (in German). 2023-11-06.
  13. Gelijns, Annetine C.; Rosenberg, Nathan (1995). "From the Scalpel to the Scope: Endoscopic Innovations in Gastroenterology, Gynecology, and Surgery". Sources of Medical Technology: Universities and Industry. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US).
  14. Leonhard, Martin; Irion, Klaus-Martin (2011). Springer handbook of Medical Technology. Berlin: Springer. pp. 379–403. ISBN 978-3-540-74657-7.
  15. "Raumfahrt im menschlichen Körper: Hightech-Geräte von Karl Storz bringen Licht ans Ende des Tunnels". Südkurier (in German). 2005-04-16.
  16. Lautemann, Kerstin; Leonhard, Martin; Stern, Regina; Heda, Jennifer (2014). "Chapter 264: Instrumentation for Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine". Sports Injuries: Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation. Berlin: Springer Berlin. pp. 3273–3291. ISBN 978-3-642-36568-3.
  17. Cockett, William S.; Cockett, Abraham T. K. (1998). "The Hopkins rod-lens system and the Storz cold light illumination system". Urology. 51 (5): 1–2. doi:10.1016/S0090-4295(98)00060-0. PMID 9610547.
  18. ^ Berci, G.; Kont, Leslie A. (1969). "A new optical system in endoscopy with special reference to cystoscopy". BJU International. 41 (5): 565. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1969.tb09963.x. PMID 5383555.
  19. Ruhnau, Klaus; Becher, Christoph (2019-11-07). "Die Geschichte der operativen Arthrosetherapie". Aktuelle Rheumatologie (in German): 35.
  20. Kieser, C. (1999). Die Arthroskopie zwischen Weltgeschichte und Technik (in German). Zurich: Springer Verlag. pp. 111–116.
  21. Ivancevic, L. (1971). "Die elektrohydraulische Lithotripsie". DMW – Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (in German). 96 (12): 485–488. doi:10.1055/s-0028-1108279. ISSN 0012-0472. PMID 5313409.
  22. "Karl Storz Endoscopy-America, Inc.: Private Company Information". Bloomberg. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  23. Jackson, Robert W. (2010). "A History of Arthroscopy". Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 26 (1): 91–103. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2009.10.005. PMID 20117632.
  24. "Canada – Mississauga, Ontario". Karl Storz. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  25. Möllers, Ludger (9 December 2012). "Karl Storz: Schwäbischer Pionier und Firmengründer". Schwäbische.de (in German). Archived from the original on 6 July 2015.
  26. ^ "Preisträgerin 2006: Sybill Storz" [Prize winner 2006: Sybill Storz]. Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (in German).
  27. "Kollektiv". Schwäbische Zeitung (in German). 2012-05-25.
  28. Munz, Florian (2001-12-01). "Modernste Endoskopiekonzepte aus einer Hand Mobil prüfen". Quality Engineering (in German).
  29. "Video Endoskop für kleine Öffnungen". Quality Engineering (in German). 2003-10-01.
  30. "Karl Storz: Partner der Wehrmedizin". Wehrmedizin und Wehrpharmazie (in German). 2023-12-31. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  31. "Mit Begeisterung und Fleiß!". Schwäbische Zeitung. 2014-01-24. Archived from the original on 2014-01-24. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  32. "Karl Storz auf der Medica 2010". Das Krankenhaus (in German). 2010-11-01.
  33. Havenstein, Yvonne (2012-01-20). "Besucherzentrum fasziniert die Branche". Schwäbische Zeitung (in German).
  34. "Alles über die Endoskopie". Südwest Presse (in German). 2013-04-23.
  35. "Karl Storz gibt Kindern Einblicke in die Medizintechnik". Schwäbische Zeitung (in German). 2022-09-03.
  36. "Verkehrsexperten informieren sich über Daimler-Zentrum". Gränzbote (in German). 2015-07-18.
  37. Möllers, Ludger (2013-10-11). "Storz netzwerkt nun in Berlin-Mitte". Schwäbische Zeitung (in German).
  38. "Karl Storz präsentiert seine neuste Entwicklung in der endoskopischen Bildgebung". Das Krankenhaus (in German). 2013-11-01.
  39. Ong, Matthew Bin Han (21 July 2017). "Anti-morcellation advocate files "wrongful death" suit against Karl Storz and Brigham & Women's Hospital". The Cancer Letter.
  40. "Press Release: Karl Storz decides for future-looking legal form". Karl Storz. 20 August 2017.
  41. Hecht, Dorothea (2018-10-01). "Generationenwechsel bei Medizintechnikunternehmen Karl Storz". Schwäbische Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  42. ^ "App für Karl Storz Collaborator entwickelt". Schwäbische Zeitung (in German). 2024-03-16.
  43. ^ "Karl Storz rüstet vier Operationssäle der Perituskliniken in Lund, Schweden, mit der neuesten OR1 Technologie aus". Das Krankenhaus (in German). 2020-10-01.
  44. Esposito, Ciro; Alberti, Daniele; Settimi, Alessandro; Pecorelli, Silvia; Boroni, Giovanni; Montanaro, Beatrice; Escolino, Maria (2021). "Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy using RUBINA technology: preliminary experience in two pediatric surgery centers". Surgical Endoscopy. 35 (11): 6366–6373. doi:10.1007/s00464-021-08596-7. ISSN 0930-2794. PMC 8523512. PMID 34231069.
  45. Boni, Luigi; David, Giulia; Mangano, Alberto; Dionigi, Gianlorenzo; Rausei, Stefano; Spampatti, Sebastiano; Cassinotti, Elisa; Fingerhut, Abe (2015). "Clinical applications of indocyanine green (ICG) enhanced fluorescence in laparoscopic surgery". Surgical Endoscopy. 29 (7): 2046–2055. doi:10.1007/s00464-014-3895-x. ISSN 0930-2794. PMC 4471386. PMID 25303914.
  46. ^ Jansen, Matthias (2024-02-06). "Erste Karl Storz–Mitarbeiter ziehen im Sommer nach Neuhausen um". Schwäbische Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  47. "Karl Storz verlagert Produktion". Schwäbische Zeitung (in German). 2021-12-23.
  48. "Medizintechnik-Unternehmen Karl Storz gründet Robotik-Firma". Wochenblatt-Online (in German). 2023-02-17. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  49. "Das interaktive Mach-Mit-Museum". Tutorama (in German). Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  50. ^ Hecht, Dorothea (2023-06-27). "Karl Storz eröffnet sein Mitmachmuseum". Gränzbote (in German).
  51. "Forschernachwuchs startet schon früh". Südkurier (in German). 2024-02-29. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  52. "Geschäftsübernahme: Karl Storz kauft sich das nächste Unternehmen". Schwäbische Zeitung (in German). 2024-01-11.
  53. Kirchner, Malte (2023-11-20). "Veröffentlichung der Vision Pro: Was Apple mit Early Next Year wirklich meint". Heise Online (in German). Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  54. "Karl Storz akquiriert den US-amerikanischen Robotik-Spezialisten Asensus Surgical". Handelsblatt (in German). 2024-08-22. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  55. "Our Locations". Karl Storz. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  56. Jansen, Matthias (2021-09-12). "Mehr als 20 Millionen Euro: Arbeiten am Karl-Storz-Campus laufen" [More than 20 million euros: Work on the Karl Storz Campus is underway]. www.schwaebische.de (in German). Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  57. "Karl Storz entwickelt Einweg-Endoskop" [Karl Storz develops one-way endoscope]. www.schwaebische.de (in German). 2018-11-13. Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  58. Dörffeldt, Iris (2024-01-12). "Deutsche Reinraumtechnologie für Smart Factory in Estland". DeviceMed (in German). Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  59. "Deutsche Reinraumtechnologie für Smart Factory in Estland | CHEManager" [German cleanroom technology for smart factory in Estonia]. www.chemanager-online.com. Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  60. "Medizintechnik in Stutensee: KS Systemtechnik siedelt sich an". ka-news (in German). 2011-04-29. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  61. "Über Karl Storz". Schwäbische Zeitung (in German). 2021-11-18.
  62. "56 neue Talente starten bei Karl Storz". Wochenblatt-Online (in German). 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  63. "Sybill Storz wird 75". Schwäbische Zeitung (in German). 2012-06-04.
  64. "HNO-Untersuchungsräume für die Bundeswehr". Südwestpresse. 2023-12-01.
  65. "OP-Säle von morgen gibt es bei Karl Storz schon heute". Spectaris – Deutscher Industrieverband für Optik, Photonik, Analysen- und Medizintechnik e. V. (in German). 2023.
  66. "Karl Storz ehrt Mitarbeiter". Gränzbote (in German). 2018-05-30.
  67. ^ "Schools Day 2024: Eishockey und Medizintechnik zum Anfassen". Wochenblatt Tuttlingen (in German). 2023-11-08. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  68. "Gesundheits-Initiative in Indien: Gemeinschaftsprojekt mit GTZ und Vereinten Nationen". Südkurier (in German). 2005-04-16.
  69. "Hilfstransport für die Ukraine: Karl Storz stiftet Waren im hohen fünfstelligen Bereich". Wochenblatt Tuttlingen (in German). 2022-10-25. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  70. "Sport für den guten Zweck: KARL STORZ spendet 3.000 Euro an die Phönix-Initiative". Wochenblatt-Online (in German). 2023-09-27. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  71. "Verleihung". Deutsches Ärzteblatt (in German). Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  72. "Bei Karl Storz berichtet Nachwuchs online". Aktiv (in German). 2021-12-18.
  73. Koll, Sabine (2008-11-10). "So werden Zellen zum Leuchten gebracht". Medizin & Technik (in German). Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  74. "Bekanntmachung des Regierungspräsidiums Freiburg über die Anerkennung einer Stiftung" (PDF). Regierungspräsidium Freiburg (in German). 2023-10-17. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  75. "Karl Storz receives the Frost & Sullivan Award Asia Pacific Endoscopy Company of the Year". EMS1. 2013-01-30. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  76. "Kontaktsonde für präzisere Eingriffe in der Neurochirurgie". Medizin & Technik (in German). 2013-10-02. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  77. Salz, Jürgen (2014-04-14). "Innovations-Ranking: Deutschlands innovativste Mittelständler". Wirtschaftswoche (in German). Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  78. "KARL STORZ IMAGE 1 SPIES Named Innovation of the Year by Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons". BusinessWire. 2014-12-23.
  79. Schuster, Anja (2017-04-03). "Tuttlinger Medizintechnikunternehmen Karl Storz erhält Innovationspreis". Schwäbische Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  80. "Red Dot Design Award: HyDOME". Red Dot. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  81. "Diese Betriebe gehören zu den Top-Arbeitgebern". Der Stern (in German). 2023-02-18.

Further reading

External links

Categories: